代码习题（小游戏，跳一跳）
一、练习代码
1.全部
代码如下（示例）：
from tkinter import *
class Pong(Frame):
def createWidgets(self):
self.scaling = 100.0
self.canvas_width = 10
self.canvas_height = 5.6
self.draw = Canvas(self, width=(self.canvas_width * self.scaling),
height=(self.canvas_height * self.scaling),
bg='white')
self.speed = Scale(self, orient=HORIZONTAL, label="ball speed",
from_=-200, to=200)
self.speed.pack(side=BOTTOM, fill=X)
self.ball_d = 1.0
self.scaling_left = round(self.ball_d / 2, 1)
self.scaling_right = self.canvas_width - self.scaling_left
self.scaling_bottom = self.canvas_height - self.scaling_left
self.scaling_top = self.scaling_left
self.scale_value = self.speed.get() * 0.1
self.balls = []
self.ball_x = []
self.ball_y = []
self.ball_v_x = []
self.ball_v_y = []
self.ball = self.draw.create_oval("0.60i", "0.60i", "1.60i", "1.60i",
fill="red")
self.second_ball = self.draw.create_oval("2.0i", "2.0i", "3.0i", "3.0i",
fill='black')
self.three_ball = self.draw.create_oval("4.0i", "4.0i", "5.0i", "5.0i",
fill='brown')
self.four_ball = self.draw.create_oval("6.0i", "2.0i", "7.0i", "3.0i",
fill='green')
self.five_ball = self.draw.create_oval("8.0i", "3.0i", "9.0i", "4.0i",fill='gray')
self.balls.append(self.ball)
self.balls.append(self.second_ball)
self.balls.append(self.three_ball)
self.balls.append(self.four_ball)
self.balls.append(self.five_ball)
self.x = 1.1
self.y = 1.1
self.velocity_x = -0.2
self.velocity_y = 0.1
self.second_ball_x = 2.5
self.second_ball_y = 2.5
self.second_ball_v_x = 0.1
self.second_ball_v_y = -0.2
self.three_ball_x = 4.5
self.three_ball_y = 4.5
self.three_ball_v_x = -0.1
self.three_ball_v_y = -0.2
self.four_ball_x = 6.5
self.four_ball_y = 2.5
self.four_ball_v_x = 0.1
self.four_ball_v_y = -0.2
self.five_ball_x = 8.5
self.five_ball_y = 3.5
self.five_ball_v_x = 0.1
self.five_ball_v_y = 0.2
self.update_ball_x_y()
self.draw.pack(side=LEFT)
def update_ball_x_y(self, *args):
self.ball_x.append(self.x)
self.ball_y.append(self.y)
self.ball_v_x.append(self.velocity_x)
self.ball_v_y.append(self.velocity_y)
self.ball_x.append(self.second_ball_x)
self.ball_y.append(self.second_ball_y)
self.ball_v_x.append(self.second_ball_v_x)
self.ball_v_y.append(self.second_ball_v_y)
self.ball_x.append(self.three_ball_x)
self.ball_y.append(self.three_ball_y)
self.ball_v_x.append(self.three_ball_v_x)
self.ball_v_y.append(self.three_ball_v_y)
self.ball_x.append(self.four_ball_x)
self.ball_y.append(self.four_ball_y)
self.ball_v_x.append(self.four_ball_v_x)
self.ball_v_y.append(self.four_ball_v_y)
self.ball_x.append(self.five_ball_x)
self.ball_y.append(self.five_ball_y)
self.ball_v_x.append(self.five_ball_v_x)
self.ball_v_y.append(self.five_ball_v_y)
def update_ball_velocity(self, index, *args):
self.scale_value = self.speed.get() * 0.1
if (self.ball_x[index] > self.scaling_right) or (self.ball_x[index] < self.scaling_left):
self.ball_v_x[index] = -1.0 * self.ball_v_x[index]
if (self.ball_y[index] > self.scaling_bottom) or (self.ball_y[index] < self.scaling_top):
self.ball_v_y[index] = -1.0 * self.ball_v_y[index]
for n in range(len(self.balls)):
#小球碰撞条件，即：(x2 - x1)^2 + (y2 - y1)^2 <= (r + R)^2
if (round((self.ball_x[index] - self.ball_x[n])**2 + (self.ball_y[index] - self.ball_y[n])**2, 2) <= round(self.ball_d**2, 2)):
temp_vx = self.ball_v_x[index]
temp_vy = self.ball_v_y[index]
self.ball_v_x[index] = self.ball_v_x[n]
self.ball_v_y[index] = self.ball_v_y[n]
self.ball_v_x[n] = temp_vx
self.ball_v_y[n] = temp_vy
def get_ball_deltax(self, index, *args):
deltax = (self.ball_v_x[index] * self.scale_value / self.scaling)
self.ball_x[index] = self.ball_x[index] + deltax
return deltax
def get_ball_deltay(self, index, *args):
'''获取小球Y轴坐标移动距离并且更新小球的圆心Y坐标，返回Y轴所需移动距离'''
deltay = (self.ball_v_y[index] * self.scale_value / self.scaling)
self.ball_y[index] = self.ball_y[index] + deltay
return deltay
def moveBall(self, *args):
'''移动第一个小球，编号为：0,这是根据数组：self.balls确定的。'''
self.update_ball_velocity(0)
deltax = self.get_ball_deltax(0)
deltay = self.get_ball_deltay(0)
#小球移动
self.draw.move(self.ball, "%ri" % deltax, "%ri" % deltay)
self.after(10, self.moveBall)
def move_second_ball(self, *args):
self.update_ball_velocity(1)
deltax = self.get_ball_deltax(1)
deltay = self.get_ball_deltay(1)
self.draw.move(self.second_ball, "%ri" % deltax, "%ri" % deltay)
self.after(10, self.move_second_ball)
def move_three_ball(self, *args):
self.update_ball_velocity(2)
deltax = self.get_ball_deltax(2)
deltay = self.get_ball_deltay(2)
self.draw.move(self.three_ball, "%ri" % deltax, "%ri" % deltay)
self.after(10, self.move_three_ball)
def move_four_ball(self, *args):
self.update_ball_velocity(3)
deltax = self.get_ball_deltax(3)
deltay = self.get_ball_deltay(3)
self.draw.move(self.four_ball, "%ri" % deltax, "%ri" % deltay)
self.after(10, self.move_four_ball)
def move_five_ball(self, *args):
self.update_ball_velocity(4)
deltax = self.get_ball_deltax(4)
deltay = self.get_ball_deltay(4)
self.draw.move(self.five_ball, "%ri" % deltax, "%ri" % deltay)
self.after(10, self.move_five_ball)
def __init__(self, master=None):
'''初始化函数'''
Frame.__init__(self, master)
Pack.config(self)
self.createWidgets()
self.after(10, self.moveBall)
self.after(10, self.move_three_ball)
self.after(10, self.move_four_ball)
self.after(10, self.move_five_ball)
self.after(10, self.move_second_ball)
game = Pong()
game.mainloop()