使用外部比较器Comparator进行排序
使用外部比较器Comparator进行排序
- 使用 Comparator.comparing 进行排序
-
- comparing 方法一
- comparing 方法二
- 使用 Comparator.reversed 进行排序
- 使用 Comparator.nullsFirst进行排序
- 使用 Comparator.thenComparing 排序
当我们需要对集合的元素进行排序的时候，可以使用java.util.Comparator 创建一个比较器来进行排序。Comparator接口同样也是一个函数式接口，我们可以把使用lambda表达式。如下示例，
package com.common;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
public class ComparatorTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Employee e1 = new Employee("John", 25, 3000, 9922001);
Employee e2 = new Employee("Ace", 22, 2000, 5924001);
Employee e3 = new Employee("Keith", 35, 4000, 3924401);
List employees = new ArrayList<>();
employees.add(e1);
employees.add(e2);
employees.add(e3);
/**
* @SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "rawtypes"})
* default void sort(Comparator c) {
* Object[] a = this.toArray();
* Arrays.sort(a, (Comparator) c);
* ListIterator i = this.listIterator();
* for (Object e : a) {
* i.next();
* i.set((E) e);
* }
* }
*
* sort 对象接收一个 Comparator 函数式接口，可以传入一个lambda表达式
*/
employees.sort((o1, o2) -> o1.getName().compareTo(o2.getName()));
Collections.sort(employees, (o1, o2) -> o1.getName().compareTo(o2.getName()));
employees.forEach(System.out::println);
}
}
/**
* [Employee(name=John, age=25, salary=3000.0, mobile=9922001),
* Employee(name=Ace, age=22, salary=2000.0, mobile=5924001),
* Employee(name=Keith, age=35, salary=4000.0, mobile=3924401)]
*/
class Employee {
String name;
int age;
double salary;
long mobile;
// constructors, getters & setters
public Employee(String name, int age, double salary, long mobile) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.salary = salary;
this.mobile = mobile;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public double getSalary() {
return salary;
}
public void setSalary(double salary) {
this.salary = salary;
}
public long getMobile() {
return mobile;
}
public void setMobile(long mobile) {
this.mobile = mobile;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
final StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("Employee{");
sb.append("name='").append(name).append('\'');
sb.append(", age=").append(age);
sb.append(", salary=").append(salary);
sb.append(", mobile=").append(mobile);
sb.append('}');
return sb.toString();
}
}
使用 Comparator.comparing 进行排序
comparing 方法一
查看 Comparator 类内部实现，还有一个 comparing 方法，实现如下，
public static > Comparator comparing(
Function keyExtractor)
{
Objects.requireNonNull(keyExtractor);
return (Comparator & Serializable)
(c1, c2) -> keyExtractor.apply(c1).compareTo(keyExtractor.apply(c2));
}
其返回值是 (c1, c2) -> keyExtractor.apply(c1).compareTo(keyExtractor.apply(c2)); 一个lambda表达式，也就是一个Compator 。所以上面那个例子也可以改造成 如下，
package com.common;
import java.util.*;
public class ComparatorTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Employee e1 = new Employee("John", 25, 3000, 9922001);
Employee e2 = new Employee("Ace", 22, 2000, 5924001);
Employee e3 = new Employee("Keith", 35, 4000, 3924401);
List employees = new ArrayList<>();
employees.add(e1);
employees.add(e2);
employees.add(e3);
/**
* @SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "rawtypes"})
* default void sort(Comparator c) {
* Object[] a = this.toArray();
* Arrays.sort(a, (Comparator) c);
* ListIterator i = this.listIterator();
* for (Object e : a) {
* i.next();
* i.set((E) e);
* }
* }
*
* sort 对象接收一个 Comparator 函数式接口，可以传入一个lambda表达式
*/
employees.sort((o1, o2) -> o1.getName().compareTo(o2.getName()));
Collections.sort(employees, (o1, o2) -> o1.getName().compareTo(o2.getName()));
employees.forEach(System.out::println);
/**
* Comparator.comparing 方法的使用
*
* comparing 方法接收一个 Function 函数式接口 ，通过一个 lambda 表达式传入
*
*/
employees.sort(Comparator.comparing(e -> e.getName()));
/**
* 该方法引用 Employee::getName 可以代替 lambda表达式
*/
employees.sort(Comparator.comparing(Employee::getName));
}
}
/**
* [Employee(name=John, age=25, salary=3000.0, mobile=9922001),
* Employee(name=Ace, age=22, salary=2000.0, mobile=5924001),
* Employee(name=Keith, age=35, salary=4000.0, mobile=3924401)]
*/
class Employee {
String name;
int age;
double salary;
long mobile;
// constructors, getters & setters
public Employee(String name, int age, double salary, long mobile) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.salary = salary;
this.mobile = mobile;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public double getSalary() {
return salary;
}
public void setSalary(double salary) {
this.salary = salary;
}
public long getMobile() {
return mobile;
}
public void setMobile(long mobile) {
this.mobile = mobile;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
final StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("Employee{");
sb.append("name='").append(name).append('\'');
sb.append(", age=").append(age);
sb.append(", salary=").append(salary);
sb.append(", mobile=").append(mobile);
sb.append('}');
return sb.toString();
}
}
comparing 方法二
public static Comparator comparing(
Function keyExtractor,
Comparator keyComparator)
{
Objects.requireNonNull(keyExtractor);
Objects.requireNonNull(keyComparator);
return (Comparator & Serializable)
(c1, c2) -> keyComparator.compare(keyExtractor.apply(c1),
keyExtractor.apply(c2));
}
和comparing 方法一不同的是 该方法多了一个参数 keyComparator ，keyComparator 是创建一个自定义的比较器。
Collections.sort(employees, Comparator.comparing(
Employee::getName, (s1, s2) -> {
return s2.compareTo(s1);
}));
使用 Comparator.reversed 进行排序
返回相反的排序规则，
/**
* 相反的排序规则
*/
Collections.sort(employees, Comparator.comparing(Employee::getName).reversed());
employees.forEach(System.out::println);
输出，
Employee{name='Keith', age=35, salary=4000.0, mobile=3924401}
Employee{name='John', age=25, salary=3000.0, mobile=9922001}
Employee{name='Ace', age=22, salary=2000.0, mobile=5924001}
使用 Comparator.nullsFirst进行排序
当集合中存在null元素时，可以使用针对null友好的比较器，null元素排在集合的最前面
employees.add(null); //插入一个null元素
Collections.sort(employees, Comparator.nullsFirst(Comparator.comparing(Employee::getName)));
employees.forEach(System.out::println);
Collections.sort(employees, Comparator.nullsLast(Comparator.comparing(Employee::getName)));
employees.forEach(System.out::println);
使用 Comparator.thenComparing 排序
首先使用 name 排序，紧接着在使用ege 排序，来看下使用效果
Collections.sort(employees, Comparator.comparing(Employee::getAge).thenComparing(Employee::getName));
employees.forEach(System.out::println);