简单搜索RED&BLACK题解

简单搜索RED&BLACK题解

原题如下
There is a rectangular room, covered with square tiles. Each tile is colored either red or black. A man is standing on a black tile. From a tile, he can move to one of four adjacent tiles. But he can’t move on red tiles, he can move only on black tiles.

Write a program to count the number of black tiles which he can reach by repeating the moves described above.
Input
The input consists of multiple data sets. A data set starts with a line containing two positive integers W and H; W and H are the numbers of tiles in the x- and y- directions, respectively. W and H are not more than 20.

There are H more lines in the data set, each of which includes W characters. Each character represents the color of a tile as follows.

‘.’ - a black tile
‘#’ - a red tile
‘@’ - a man on a black tile(appears exactly once in a data set)
Output
For each data set, your program should output a line which contains the number of tiles he can reach from the initial tile (including itself).
Sample Input
6 9
…#.
…#





#@…#
.#…#.
0 0
Sample Output
45
翻译如下(百度翻译)
有一个长方形的房间,上面铺着方砖。每一块瓷砖都是红色或黑色的。一个男人站在一块黑色的瓷砖上。从一个瓷砖,他可以移动到四个相邻瓷砖之一。但他不能在红瓦上移动,只能在黑瓦上移动。编写一个程序,通过重复上述动作来计算他可以达到的黑色瓷砖的数量。

输入
输入由多个数据集组成。数据集以包含两个正整数W和H的行开头;W和H分别是x和y方向上的平铺数。W和H不超过20。
数据集中还有H行,每行包含W个字符。每个字符代表一个瓷砖的颜色,如下所示。

‘.’-一块黑色的瓷砖

“35;”-红色瓷砖

“@”-一个站在黑色瓷砖上的人(在数据集中只出现一次)

输出
对于每个数据集,您的程序应该输出一行,其中包含他可以从初始平铺(包括其本身)到达的平铺数。

思路:可以用while循环输入,找到‘@’的位置,然后进行DFS搜索(注意先用两个数组判定方向)

AC代码如下:

#include 
using namespace std;
int ans=1;int n,m,i1,j1;
int nx[]={
     0,-1,1,0},ny[]={
     -1,0,0,1};//方向标 
char a[1010][1010];
int dfs(int x,int y)
{
     
	a[x][y]='#';//已走过,记录 
	for(int i=0;i<4;i++)//四个方向循环 
	{
     
		int sx=x+nx[i];
	    int sy=y+ny[i];//判定方向 
		if (a[sx][sy]=='.'&&sx>=1&&sx<=n&&sy>=1&&sy<=m)
		{
     
			a[sx][sy]='#';dfs(sx,sy);ans++;
		} //dfs,不能回溯 
	}
	return ans;//返回记录值 
}
int main()
{
     
	while(cin>>m>>n)//输入 (注意行列的顺序是反的!) 
	{
     
		if(n==0&&m==0) return 0;
		ans=1;//初始化 
		for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)
		 for(int j=1;j<=m;j++)
		 {
     
		 	cin>>a[i][j];//输入数组 
		 	if (a[i][j]=='@') {
     
		 		 i1=i; j1=j;//记录位置 
		 	}
		 }
		 cout<<dfs(i1,j1)<<endl;//输出 
	}
}

感悟:这是一道模板DFS,数据范围也不大,只要用心,其实并不难。

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