Nginx+Tomcat负载均衡、动静分离

Tomcat重要目录

• bin:存放启动和关闭Tomcat脚本
• conf :存放Tomcat不同的配置文件
• doc:存放Tomcat文档
• lib:存放Tomcat运行需要的库文件
• logs:存放Tomcat执行时的LOG文件
• src:存放Tomcat的源代码
• webapps: Tomcat的主要Web发布目录
• work:存放jsp编译后产生的class文件

Nginx负载均衡原理

Nginx是一款非常优秀的HTTP服务器软件

• 支持高达50000个并发连接数的响应
• 拥有强大的静态资源处理能力
• 内存、CPU等系统资源消耗非常低
• ·运行稳定

Nginx实现负载均衡是通过反向代理实现
反向代理原理

Nginx配置反向代理的主要参数

• upstream服务池名{}
  • 配置后端服务器池，以提供响应数据
• proxy_pass http://服务池名
  • 配置将访问请求转发给后端服务器池的服务器处理

Nginx动静分离原理

服务端接收来自客户端的请求中，既有静态资源也有动态资源，静态资源由Nginx提供服务，动态资源Nginx转发至后端

Nginx静态处理优势

• Nginx处理静态页面的效率远高于Tomcat的处理能力
• 若Tomcat的请求量为1000次，则Nginx的请求量为6000次
• Tomcat每秒的吞吐量为0.6M，Nginx的每秒吞吐量为3.6M
• Nginx处理静态资源的能力是Tomcat处理的6倍

实验环境

一台Nginx IP192.168.110.10
二台Tomcat IP192.168.110.15/20

Nginx安装配置负载均衡

安装Nginx服务

[root@nginx opt]# yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ make pcre-devel zlib-devel
[root@nginx opt]# useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx
[root@nginx opt]# tar zxvf nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@nginx opt]# cd /usr/local/nginx-1.12.2/
[root@nginx nginx-1.12.2]# ./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
--user=nginx \
--group=nginx \
--with-http_stub_status_module
[root@nginx nginx-1.12.2]# make && make install
[root@nginx nginx-1.12.0]# ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx  /usr/local/sbin
[root@nginx nginx-1.12.2]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@nginx nginx-1.12.2]# vim /etc/init.d/nginx #编写启动脚本
#!/bin/bash	    
# chkconfig: - 99 20
# description: Nginx Service Control Script
PROG="/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"
PIDF="/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid"
case "$1" in
  start)
   $PROG
   ;;
  stop)
   kill -s QUIT $(cat $PIDF)
   ;;
  restart)
   $0 stop
   $0 start
   ;;
  reload)
   kill -s HUP $(cat $PIDF)
   ;;
  *)
  		echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|reload}"
  		exit 1
esac
exit 0
[root@nginx nginx-1.12.2]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/nginx 
[root@nginx nginx-1.12.2]# service nginx start
[root@nginx nginx-1.12.2]# netstat -natp | grep 80
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      22832/nginx: master 

编辑配置文件实现负载均衡

[root@nginx nginx-1.12.2]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
    #gzip  on;   #找到这行，在下面添加
        upstream tom {          #设置节点服务器，名字随意
                        server 192.168.110.15:8080 weight=1;  ##指向cat1 IP，weight指的是权重
                        server 192.168.110.20:8080 weight=1; 
                    }
    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;

        #charset koi8-r;

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
        location ~.*.jsp$ {  #往下加，匹配到以 jsp 结尾的网页再两台节点服务器中轮询          
          proxy_pass http://tom;
        }
[root@nginx nginx-1.12.2]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@nginx nginx-1.12.2]# setenforce 0

Tomcat安装配置轮询

两台通样操作

[root@cat1 opt]# tar zxvf jdk-8u91-linux-x64.tar.gz
[root@cat1 opt]# mv jdk1.8.0_91/ /usr/local/
[root@cat1 opt]# vim /etc/profile
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_91
export JRE_HOME=${JAVA_HOME}/jre
export CLASSPATH=.:${JAVA_HOME}/lib:${JRE_HOME}/lib
export PATH=${JAVA_HOME}/bin:$PATH
[root@cat1 opt]# source /etc/profile
[root@cat1 opt]# java -version
java version "1.8.0_91"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_91-b14)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.91-b14, mixed mode)

[root@cat1 opt]# tar zxvf apache-tomcat-8.5.16.tar.gz
[root@cat1 opt]# mv apache-tomcat-8.5.16 /usr/local/tomcat
[root@cat1 opt]# cd /usr/local/tomcat/
[root@cat1 tomcat]# ln -s /usr/local/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh /usr/local/bin
[root@cat1 tomcat]# ln -s /usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh /usr/local/bin
[root@cat1 opt]# mkdir -p /web/tom1 
[root@cat1 opt]# vim /web/tom1/index.jsp   #tom2改成 /web/tom2
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>

 
    
 
 
    <% out.println("tom1.");%>   #另一台配置 tom2
 


[root@cat1 opt]# vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml
148         #添加
150       
151       
[root@cat1 opt]# startup.sh 
Using CATALINA_BASE:   /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME:   /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME:        /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_91/jre
Using CLASSPATH:       /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Tomcat started.
[root@cat1 opt]# netstat -ntap |grep 8080
tcp6       0      0 :::8080                 :::*                    LISTEN      74552/java   

动静分离配置

静态页面nginx，动态页面路径指tomcat，

[root@nginx nginx-1.12.2]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;

        location ~.*.jsp$ {     
          proxy_pass http://192.168.110.15:8080; #指向Tomcat服务器地址
          proxy_set_header Host $host;
        }
[root@nginx nginx-1.12.2]# cd /usr/local/nginx/html/
[root@nginx html]# vim index.html 




	#设置支持中文字符集



静态页面
If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.

For online documentation and support please refer to
nginx.org.

Commercial support is available at
nginx.com.

静态页面


[root@nginx html]# service nginx stop 
[root@nginx html]# service nginx start

Tomcat服务器添加动态网页

[root@cat01 bao]# vim /web/tom1/index.jsp 

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ page import="java.util.Date" %>
<%@ page import="java.text.SimpleDateFormat" %>



  ##位置和图的位置一样，nginx/html



这是一个动态页面.

nginx处理静态图片，Tomcat处理动态页面配置

Tomcat配置
<body>
<div>这是一个动态页面.div><br>
<img src='c.png'> #添加图片名称
body>

ngin配置
[root@nginx html]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
 location ~.*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf|css)$ { #添加此段内容，匹配这些类型的文件
          root html;    #html站点目录
          expires 30d;  #缓存时间30天
        }
[root@nginx htmll]# ls	#添加图片
50x.html  c.png  index.html