前言需求
接下里介绍的是Java 的设计模式之一:建造者模式
需要建房子:这一过程为打桩、砌墙、封顶
房子有各种各样的,比如普通房,高楼,别墅
各种房子的过程虽然一样,但是要求不要相同的
请问你会怎么制作呢?
一、什么是建造者模式
建造者模式(Builder Pattern):又叫生成器模式,是一种对象构建模式
。
它可以将复杂对象的建造过程抽象出来(抽象类别),使这个抽象过程的不同实现方法可以构造出不同表现(属性)的对象
。
建造者模式是一步一步创建一个复杂的对象
,它允许用户只通过指定复杂对象的类型和内容就可以构建
它们, 用户不需要知道内部的具体构建细节
二、通过示例说明情况
我们使用传统的方式解决盖房子问题,一般抽象一个父类出来创建方式
abstract class AbstractHouse {
//打地基
public abstract void buildBasic();
//砌墙
public abstract void buildWalls();
//封顶
public abstract void roofed();
//按照顺序建房子
public void build() { buildBasic(); buildWalls(); roofed();}
}
假如我们是普通的房子就是继承这个父类
class CommonHouse extends AbstractHouse {
@Override
public void buildBasic() {
System.out.println(" 普通房子打地基 ");
}
@Override
public void buildWalls() {
System.out.println(" 普通房子砌墙 ");
}
@Override
public void roofed() {
System.out.println(" 普通房子封顶 ");
}
}
当我们创建普通房子的时候,即可直接调用普通房子的实现类即可
public static void main(String[] args) {
CommonHouse commonHouse = new CommonHouse();
commonHouse.build();
}
运行结果如下:
普通房子打地基
普通房子砌墙
普通房子封顶
传统方式的问题分析
- 优点是
比较好理解,简单易操作
。 - 缺点是
设计的程序结构,过于简单,没有设计缓存层对象,程序的扩展和维护不好
.
也就是说,这种设计方案,把产品(即:房子) 和 创建产品的过程(即:建房子流程) 封装在一起,耦合性增强
了。
解决方案:将产品和产品建造过程解耦
=> 建造者模式
三、建造者模式的四个角色
- Product(产品角色):
一个具体的产品对象
。 - Builder(抽象建造者):
创建一个 Product 对象的各个部件指定的 接口/抽象类
。 - ConcreteBuilder(具体建造者):
实现接口,构建和装配各个部件
。 - Director(指挥者):
构建一个使用 Builder 接口的对象
。
它主要是用于创建一个复杂的对象。
它主要有两个作用:
1:隔离了客户与对象的生产过程
2:负责控制产品对象的生产过程
比如说这辆车是一个产品,我们只需要将方向盘、轮胎、发动机进行组装
四、建造者模式原理类图
将对象构造代码从产品类中抽取出来, 并将其放在为生成器的独立对象中
五、建造者模式解决盖房子问题
使用建造者模式进行优化,我们先根据四个进行类图画一画
现在我们创建一个产品:房子
// 产 品 ->Product
class House {
private String baise;//地基
private String wall;//墙
private String roofed;//屋顶
public String getBaise() {
return baise;
}
public void setBaise(String baise) {
this.baise = baise;
}
public String getWall() {
return wall;
}
public void setWall(String wall) {
this.wall = wall;
}
public String getRoofed() {
return roofed;
}
public void setRoofed(String roofed) {
this.roofed = roofed;
}
}
接着我们需要一个建造者,提供建造的流程、组合产品所需方法
// 抽象的建造者
abstract class HouseBuilder {
protected House house = new House();
//将建造的流程所需写好, 抽象的方法
public abstract void buildBasic();
public abstract void buildWalls();
public abstract void roofed();
//建造房子好, 将产品(房子) 返回
public House buildHouse() {return house;}
}
接下里我们进行普通房子的具体建造者实现
class CommonHouse extends HouseBuilder {
@Override
public void buildBasic() {
System.out.println(" 普通房子打地基 5 米 ");
}
@Override
public void buildWalls() {
System.out.println(" 普通房子砌墙 10cm ");
}
@Override
public void roofed() {
System.out.println(" 普通房子屋顶 ");
}
}
至于具体的建造流程,是先砌墙、先弄地基、还是屋顶交给指挥者来决定
//指挥者,这里去指定制作流程,返回产品
class HouseDirector {
HouseBuilder houseBuilder = null;
//构造器传入 houseBuilder
public HouseDirector(HouseBuilder houseBuilder) {
this.houseBuilder = houseBuilder;
}
//通过 setter 传入 houseBuilder
public void setHouseBuilder(HouseBuilder houseBuilder) {
this.houseBuilder = houseBuilder;
}
//如何处理建造房子的流程,交给指挥者
public House constructHouse() {
houseBuilder.buildBasic();
houseBuilder.buildWalls();
houseBuilder.roofed();
return houseBuilder.buildHouse();
}
}
接下里一起使用demo 来体会一下建造者模式下盖普通房、盖高楼有何区别
public static void main(String[] args) {
//盖普通房子
CommonHouse commonHouse = new CommonHouse();
//准备创建房子的指挥者
HouseDirector houseDirector = new HouseDirector(commonHouse);
//完成盖房子,返回产品(普通房子)
House house = houseDirector.constructHouse();
//System.out.println(" 输 出 流 程 ");
System.out.println("--------------------------");
}
运行结果:
普通房子打地基 5 米
普通房子砌墙 10cm
普通房子屋顶
--------------------------
那么这时我们要盖高楼呢?盖别墅呢?
public static void main(String[] args) {
//盖高楼
HighBuilding highBuilding = new HighBuilding();
//准备创建房子的指挥者
HouseDirector houseDirector = new HouseDirector(highBuilding);
//完成盖房子,返回产品(高楼)
House house = houseDirector.constructHouse();
//System.out.println(" 输 出 流 程 ");
System.out.println("--------------------------");
}
运行结果:
高楼的打地基 100 米
高楼的砌墙 20cm
高楼的透明屋顶
相比之前的抽取父类,普通房子与高楼会有一些不同的建造细节
而抽取父类在砌墙、盖屋顶、打地基还可以,若高楼一些别的需求与父类是没有的,那么就可能又要抽取一个高楼的父类
建造者模式呢,只需建造者里提供建造的流程、组合、细节的方法
六、建造者模式在 JDK 的应用和源码分析
我们一起来看看java.lang.StringBuilder中的建造者模式
public static void main(String[] args) {
StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder("hello,world");
System.out.println(stringBuilder);
}
运行结果:
hello,world
那么我们一起来看看StringBuilder 这个类是怎么样的呢?
public final class StringBuilder
extends AbstractStringBuilder
implements java.io.Serializable, CharSequence
{
static final long serialVersionUID = 4383685877147921099L;
public StringBuilder() {
super(16);
}
public StringBuilder(int capacity) {
super(capacity);
}
public StringBuilder(String str) {
super(str.length() + 16);
append(str);
}
public StringBuilder(CharSequence seq) {
this(seq.length() + 16);
append(seq);
}
@Override
public StringBuilder append(Object obj) {
return append(String.valueOf(obj));
}
@Override
public StringBuilder append(String str) {
super.append(str);
return this;
}
public StringBuilder append(StringBuffer sb) {
super.append(sb);
return this;
}
@Override
public StringBuilder append(CharSequence s) {
super.append(s);
return this;
}
@Override
public StringBuilder append(CharSequence s, int start, int end) {
super.append(s, start, end);
return this;
}
@Override
public StringBuilder append(char[] str) {
super.append(str);
return this;
}
@Override
public StringBuilder append(char[] str, int offset, int len) {
super.append(str, offset, len);
return this;
}
@Override
public StringBuilder append(boolean b) {
super.append(b);
return this;
}
@Override
public StringBuilder append(char c) {
super.append(c);
return this;
}
@Override
public StringBuilder append(int i) {
super.append(i);
return this;
}
@Override
public StringBuilder append(long lng) {
super.append(lng);
return this;
}
@Override
public StringBuilder append(float f) {
super.append(f);
return this;
}
@Override
public StringBuilder append(double d) {
super.append(d);
return this;
}
@Override
public StringBuilder appendCodePoint(int codePoint) {
super.appendCodePoint(codePoint);
return this;
}
@Override
public StringBuilder delete(int start, int end) {
super.delete(start, end);
return this;
}
@Override
public StringBuilder deleteCharAt(int index) {
super.deleteCharAt(index);
return this;
}
@Override
public StringBuilder replace(int start, int end, String str) {
super.replace(start, end, str);
return this;
}
@Override
public StringBuilder insert(int index, char[] str, int offset,
int len)
{
super.insert(index, str, offset, len);
return this;
}
@Override
public StringBuilder insert(int offset, Object obj) {
super.insert(offset, obj);
return this;
}
@Override
public StringBuilder insert(int offset, String str) {
super.insert(offset, str);
return this;
}
@Override
public StringBuilder insert(int offset, char[] str) {
super.insert(offset, str);
return this;
}
@Override
public StringBuilder insert(int dstOffset, CharSequence s) {
super.insert(dstOffset, s);
return this;
}
@Override
public StringBuilder insert(int dstOffset, CharSequence s,
int start, int end)
{
super.insert(dstOffset, s, start, end);
return this;
}
@Override
public StringBuilder insert(int offset, boolean b) {
super.insert(offset, b);
return this;
}
@Override
public StringBuilder insert(int offset, char c) {
super.insert(offset, c);
return this;
}
@Override
public StringBuilder insert(int offset, int i) {
super.insert(offset, i);
return this;
}
@Override
public StringBuilder insert(int offset, long l) {
super.insert(offset, l);
return this;
}
@Override
public StringBuilder insert(int offset, float f) {
super.insert(offset, f);
return this;
}
@Override
public StringBuilder insert(int offset, double d) {
super.insert(offset, d);
return this;
}
@Override
public int indexOf(String str) {
return super.indexOf(str);
}
@Override
public int indexOf(String str, int fromIndex) {
return super.indexOf(str, fromIndex);
}
@Override
public int lastIndexOf(String str) {
return super.lastIndexOf(str);
}
@Override
public int lastIndexOf(String str, int fromIndex) {
return super.lastIndexOf(str, fromIndex);
}
@Override
public StringBuilder reverse() {
super.reverse();
return this;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
// Create a copy, don't share the array
return new String(value, 0, count);
}
private void writeObject(java.io.ObjectOutputStream s)
throws java.io.IOException {
s.defaultWriteObject();
s.writeInt(count);
s.writeObject(value);
}
private void readObject(java.io.ObjectInputStream s)
throws java.io.IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
s.defaultReadObject();
count = s.readInt();
value = (char[]) s.readObject();
}
}
我们发现这个类是final类并继承了AbstractStringBuilder,进去父类看看
abstract class AbstractStringBuilder implements Appendable, CharSequence {
char[] value;
int count;
AbstractStringBuilder() {}
AbstractStringBuilder(int capacity) {
value = new char[capacity];
}
@Override
public int length() {
return count;
}
public int capacity() {
return value.length;
}
public void ensureCapacity(int minimumCapacity) {
if (minimumCapacity > 0)
ensureCapacityInternal(minimumCapacity);
}
private void ensureCapacityInternal(int minimumCapacity) {
if (minimumCapacity - value.length > 0) {
value = Arrays.copyOf(value,
newCapacity(minimumCapacity));
}
}
private static final int MAX_ARRAY_SIZE = Integer.MAX_VALUE - 8;
private int newCapacity(int minCapacity) {
int newCapacity = (value.length << 1) + 2;
if (newCapacity - minCapacity < 0) {
newCapacity = minCapacity;
}
return (newCapacity <= 0 || MAX_ARRAY_SIZE - newCapacity < 0)
? hugeCapacity(minCapacity)
: newCapacity;
}
private int hugeCapacity(int minCapacity) {
if (Integer.MAX_VALUE - minCapacity < 0) { // overflow
throw new OutOfMemoryError();
}
return (minCapacity > MAX_ARRAY_SIZE)
? minCapacity : MAX_ARRAY_SIZE;
}
public void trimToSize() {
if (count < value.length) {
value = Arrays.copyOf(value, count);
}
}
public void setLength(int newLength) {
if (newLength < 0)
throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(newLength);
ensureCapacityInternal(newLength);
if (count < newLength) {
Arrays.fill(value, count, newLength, '\0');
}
count = newLength;
}
@Override
public char charAt(int index) {
if ((index < 0) || (index >= count))
throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(index);
return value[index];
}
public int codePointAt(int index) {
if ((index < 0) || (index >= count)) {
throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(index);
}
return Character.codePointAtImpl(value, index, count);
}
public int codePointBefore(int index) {
int i = index - 1;
if ((i < 0) || (i >= count)) {
throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(index);
}
return Character.codePointBeforeImpl(value, index, 0);
}
public int codePointCount(int beginIndex, int endIndex) {
if (beginIndex < 0 || endIndex > count || beginIndex > endIndex) {
throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
}
return Character.codePointCountImpl(value, beginIndex, endIndex-beginIndex);
}
public int offsetByCodePoints(int index, int codePointOffset) {
if (index < 0 || index > count) {
throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
}
return Character.offsetByCodePointsImpl(value, 0, count,
index, codePointOffset);
}
public void getChars(int srcBegin, int srcEnd, char[] dst, int dstBegin)
{
if (srcBegin < 0)
throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(srcBegin);
if ((srcEnd < 0) || (srcEnd > count))
throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(srcEnd);
if (srcBegin > srcEnd)
throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException("srcBegin > srcEnd");
System.arraycopy(value, srcBegin, dst, dstBegin, srcEnd - srcBegin);
}
public void setCharAt(int index, char ch) {
if ((index < 0) || (index >= count))
throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(index);
value[index] = ch;
}
public AbstractStringBuilder append(Object obj) {
return append(String.valueOf(obj));
}
public AbstractStringBuilder append(String str) {
if (str == null)
return appendNull();
int len = str.length();
ensureCapacityInternal(count + len);
str.getChars(0, len, value, count);
count += len;
return this;
}
public AbstractStringBuilder append(StringBuffer sb) {
if (sb == null)
return appendNull();
int len = sb.length();
ensureCapacityInternal(count + len);
sb.getChars(0, len, value, count);
count += len;
return this;
}
AbstractStringBuilder append(AbstractStringBuilder asb) {
if (asb == null)
return appendNull();
int len = asb.length();
ensureCapacityInternal(count + len);
asb.getChars(0, len, value, count);
count += len;
return this;
}
@Override
public AbstractStringBuilder append(CharSequence s) {
if (s == null)
return appendNull();
if (s instanceof String)
return this.append((String)s);
if (s instanceof AbstractStringBuilder)
return this.append((AbstractStringBuilder)s);
return this.append(s, 0, s.length());
}
private AbstractStringBuilder appendNull() {
int c = count;
ensureCapacityInternal(c + 4);
final char[] value = this.value;
value[c++] = 'n';
value[c++] = 'u';
value[c++] = 'l';
value[c++] = 'l';
count = c;
return this;
}
@Override
public AbstractStringBuilder append(CharSequence s, int start, int end) {
if (s == null)
s = "null";
if ((start < 0) || (start > end) || (end > s.length()))
throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(
"start " + start + ", end " + end + ", s.length() "
+ s.length());
int len = end - start;
ensureCapacityInternal(count + len);
for (int i = start, j = count; i < end; i++, j++)
value[j] = s.charAt(i);
count += len;
return this;
}
public AbstractStringBuilder append(char[] str) {
int len = str.length;
ensureCapacityInternal(count + len);
System.arraycopy(str, 0, value, count, len);
count += len;
return this;
}
public AbstractStringBuilder append(char str[], int offset, int len) {
if (len > 0) // let arraycopy report AIOOBE for len < 0
ensureCapacityInternal(count + len);
System.arraycopy(str, offset, value, count, len);
count += len;
return this;
}
public AbstractStringBuilder append(boolean b) {
if (b) {
ensureCapacityInternal(count + 4);
value[count++] = 't';
value[count++] = 'r';
value[count++] = 'u';
value[count++] = 'e';
} else {
ensureCapacityInternal(count + 5);
value[count++] = 'f';
value[count++] = 'a';
value[count++] = 'l';
value[count++] = 's';
value[count++] = 'e';
}
return this;
}
@Override
public AbstractStringBuilder append(char c) {
ensureCapacityInternal(count + 1);
value[count++] = c;
return this;
}
public AbstractStringBuilder append(int i) {
if (i == Integer.MIN_VALUE) {
append("-2147483648");
return this;
}
int appendedLength = (i < 0) ? Integer.stringSize(-i) + 1
: Integer.stringSize(i);
int spaceNeeded = count + appendedLength;
ensureCapacityInternal(spaceNeeded);
Integer.getChars(i, spaceNeeded, value);
count = spaceNeeded;
return this;
}
public AbstractStringBuilder append(long l) {
if (l == Long.MIN_VALUE) {
append("-9223372036854775808");
return this;
}
int appendedLength = (l < 0) ? Long.stringSize(-l) + 1
: Long.stringSize(l);
int spaceNeeded = count + appendedLength;
ensureCapacityInternal(spaceNeeded);
Long.getChars(l, spaceNeeded, value);
count = spaceNeeded;
return this;
}
public AbstractStringBuilder append(float f) {
FloatingDecimal.appendTo(f,this);
return this;
}
public AbstractStringBuilder append(double d) {
FloatingDecimal.appendTo(d,this);
return this;
}
public AbstractStringBuilder delete(int start, int end) {
if (start < 0)
throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(start);
if (end > count)
end = count;
if (start > end)
throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException();
int len = end - start;
if (len > 0) {
System.arraycopy(value, start+len, value, start, count-end);
count -= len;
}
return this;
}
public AbstractStringBuilder appendCodePoint(int codePoint) {
final int count = this.count;
if (Character.isBmpCodePoint(codePoint)) {
ensureCapacityInternal(count + 1);
value[count] = (char) codePoint;
this.count = count + 1;
} else if (Character.isValidCodePoint(codePoint)) {
ensureCapacityInternal(count + 2);
Character.toSurrogates(codePoint, value, count);
this.count = count + 2;
} else {
throw new IllegalArgumentException();
}
return this;
}
public AbstractStringBuilder deleteCharAt(int index) {
if ((index < 0) || (index >= count))
throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(index);
System.arraycopy(value, index+1, value, index, count-index-1);
count--;
return this;
}
public AbstractStringBuilder replace(int start, int end, String str) {
if (start < 0)
throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(start);
if (start > count)
throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException("start > length()");
if (start > end)
throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException("start > end");
if (end > count)
end = count;
int len = str.length();
int newCount = count + len - (end - start);
ensureCapacityInternal(newCount);
System.arraycopy(value, end, value, start + len, count - end);
str.getChars(value, start);
count = newCount;
return this;
}
public String substring(int start) {
return substring(start, count);
}
@Override
public CharSequence subSequence(int start, int end) {
return substring(start, end);
}
public String substring(int start, int end) {
if (start < 0)
throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(start);
if (end > count)
throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(end);
if (start > end)
throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(end - start);
return new String(value, start, end - start);
}
public AbstractStringBuilder insert(int index, char[] str, int offset,
int len)
{
if ((index < 0) || (index > length()))
throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(index);
if ((offset < 0) || (len < 0) || (offset > str.length - len))
throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(
"offset " + offset + ", len " + len + ", str.length "
+ str.length);
ensureCapacityInternal(count + len);
System.arraycopy(value, index, value, index + len, count - index);
System.arraycopy(str, offset, value, index, len);
count += len;
return this;
}
public AbstractStringBuilder insert(int offset, Object obj) {
return insert(offset, String.valueOf(obj));
}
public AbstractStringBuilder insert(int offset, String str) {
if ((offset < 0) || (offset > length()))
throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(offset);
if (str == null)
str = "null";
int len = str.length();
ensureCapacityInternal(count + len);
System.arraycopy(value, offset, value, offset + len, count - offset);
str.getChars(value, offset);
count += len;
return this;
}
public AbstractStringBuilder insert(int offset, char[] str) {
if ((offset < 0) || (offset > length()))
throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(offset);
int len = str.length;
ensureCapacityInternal(count + len);
System.arraycopy(value, offset, value, offset + len, count - offset);
System.arraycopy(str, 0, value, offset, len);
count += len;
return this;
}
public AbstractStringBuilder insert(int dstOffset, CharSequence s) {
if (s == null)
s = "null";
if (s instanceof String)
return this.insert(dstOffset, (String)s);
return this.insert(dstOffset, s, 0, s.length());
}
public AbstractStringBuilder insert(int dstOffset, CharSequence s,
int start, int end) {
if (s == null)
s = "null";
if ((dstOffset < 0) || (dstOffset > this.length()))
throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("dstOffset "+dstOffset);
if ((start < 0) || (end < 0) || (start > end) || (end > s.length()))
throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(
"start " + start + ", end " + end + ", s.length() "
+ s.length());
int len = end - start;
ensureCapacityInternal(count + len);
System.arraycopy(value, dstOffset, value, dstOffset + len,
count - dstOffset);
for (int i=start; i> 1; j >= 0; j--) {
int k = n - j;
char cj = value[j];
char ck = value[k];
value[j] = ck;
value[k] = cj;
if (Character.isSurrogate(cj) ||
Character.isSurrogate(ck)) {
hasSurrogates = true;
}
}
if (hasSurrogates) {
reverseAllValidSurrogatePairs();
}
return this;
}
private void reverseAllValidSurrogatePairs() {
for (int i = 0; i < count - 1; i++) {
char c2 = value[i];
if (Character.isLowSurrogate(c2)) {
char c1 = value[i + 1];
if (Character.isHighSurrogate(c1)) {
value[i++] = c1;
value[i] = c2;
}
}
}
}
@Override
public abstract String toString();
final char[] getValue() {
return value;
}
}
那么这个父类他是建造者吗?其实不然,因为我们发现他已实现了接口一些方法
public interface Appendable {
Appendable append(CharSequence csq) throws IOException;
Appendable append(CharSequence csq, int start, int end) throws IOException;
Appendable append(char c) throws IOException;
}
刚刚在StringBuilder构造器中填入"hello,world",就调用了append
public final class StringBuilder
extends AbstractStringBuilder
implements java.io.Serializable, CharSequence
{
static final long serialVersionUID = 4383685877147921099L;
public StringBuilder() {
super(16);
}
public StringBuilder(int capacity) {
super(capacity);
}
public StringBuilder(String str) {
super(str.length() + 16);
append(str);
}
public StringBuilder(CharSequence seq) {
this(seq.length() + 16);
append(seq);
}
}
背后调用的就是继承的父类方法,我们就能发现append其实已实现了
abstract class AbstractStringBuilder implements Appendable, CharSequence {
//省略其他关键性代码.....
public AbstractStringBuilder append(Object obj) {
return append(String.valueOf(obj));
}
public AbstractStringBuilder append(String str) {
if (str == null)
return appendNull();
int len = str.length();
ensureCapacityInternal(count + len);
str.getChars(0, len, value, count);
count += len;
return this;
}
public AbstractStringBuilder append(StringBuffer sb) {
if (sb == null)
return appendNull();
int len = sb.length();
ensureCapacityInternal(count + len);
sb.getChars(0, len, value, count);
count += len;
return this;
}
AbstractStringBuilder append(AbstractStringBuilder asb) {
if (asb == null)
return appendNull();
int len = asb.length();
ensureCapacityInternal(count + len);
asb.getChars(0, len, value, count);
count += len;
return this;
}
}
那么怎么理解StringBuilder里的建造者模式,产品、指挥者等这些角色呢?
这里需要阐述一个观点:我们在去查看源码的时候,有可能发现在使用的时候设计模式思想很相似,但形式上又与我们画的类图保持完全的一致
所以我们在这里没有很准确的找到产品、建造者、指挥者、具体建造者
但是建造者模式是什么呢?
建造者模式是一步一步创建一个复杂的对象
,它允许用户只通过指定复杂对象的类型和内容就可以构建
它们, 用户不需要知道内部的具体构建细节
源码中建造者模式角色分析
所以我们来分析一下StringBuilder在建造者模式下的角色
- Appendable 接口定义了多个 append 方法(抽象方法)
即 Appendable 为抽象建造者, 定义了抽象方法
- AbstractStringBuilder 实现了Appendable接口方法
这里的 AbstractStringBuilder已经是建造者,只是不能实例化
- StringBuilder 即充当了指挥者角色,同时充当了具体的建造者
建造方法的实现是由 AbstractStringBuilder 完成 , 而 StringBuilder 继承了 AbstractStringBuilder
public final class StringBuilder
extends AbstractStringBuilder
implements java.io.Serializable, CharSequence
{
//省略其他关键性代码.....
@Override
public StringBuilder append(String str) {
super.append(str);
return this;
}
}
//具体建造方法由父类AbstractStringBuilder的方法实现
//建造后返回自己的类型AbstractStringBuilder
abstract class AbstractStringBuilder implements Appendable, CharSequence {
//省略其他关键性代码.....
public AbstractStringBuilder append(String str) {
if (str == null)
return appendNull();
int len = str.length();
ensureCapacityInternal(count + len);
str.getChars(0, len, value, count);
count += len;
return this;
}
}
七、建造者模式的注意事项和细节
客户端(使用程序)不必知道产品内部组成的细节,将产品本身与产品的创建过程解耦,使得相同的创建过程可以创建不同的产品对象
每一个具体建造者都相对独立,而与其他的具体建造者无关,因此可以很方便地替换具体建造者或增加新的具体建造者, 用户使用不同的具体建造者即可得到不同的产品对象
可以更加精细地控制产品的创建过程
。将复杂产品的创建步骤分解在不同的方法中,使得创建过程更加清晰, 也更方便使用程序来控制创建过程
增加新的具体建造者无须修改原有类库的代码
,指挥者类针对抽象建造者类编程,系统扩展方便,符合“开闭原则
建造者模式所创建的产品一般具有较多的共同点,其组成部分相似,如果产品之间的差异性很大,则不适合使用建造者模式
,因此其使用范围受到一定的限制。
如果产品的内部变化复杂,可能会导致需要定义很多具体建造者类来实现这种变化,导致系统变得很庞大
,因此在这种情况下,要考虑是否选择建造者模式
参考资料
尚硅谷:设计模式(韩顺平老师):建造者模式
Refactoring.Guru:《深入设计模式》