本篇文章仅介绍如何阅读Spring源码,想深入了解Spring源码的同学可查找其它资料。
调试代码+Spring包+jdk1.8,见资源。
了解Bean生命周期的同学可以在阅读源码时进行对比。
Bean生命周期:
1、初始化Bean,这里仅指通过构造器完成初始化阶段,目前还没有进行依赖注入操作
2、属性注入
3、是否实现Aware(感知的)接口,用于感知容器信息(Bean的Id、上下文等)
4、是否存在Bean实现BeanPostProcessor接口(存在则先初始化该Bean),若存在则执行前置处理器
5、是否设置init-method,存在则执行
6、是否存在Bean实现BeanPostProcessor接口,若存在则执行后置处理器
7、当Bean不再需要时,会经过清理阶段(DisposableBean接口、destroy-method方法)
首先从ClassPathXmlApplicationContext的构造函数说起
public class ClassPathXmlApplicationContext extends AbstractXmlApplicationContext {
public ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(String... configLocations) throws BeansException {
this(configLocations, true, null);
}
public ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(
String[] configLocations, boolean refresh, @Nullable ApplicationContext parent)
throws BeansException {
super(parent);//配置成父子关系
//根据提供的路径,处理成配置文件数组(以分号、逗号、空格、tab、换行符分割)
setConfigLocations(configLocations);
if (refresh) {
refresh();// 核心方法
}
}
}
接下来就是refresh(),简单说一下refresh(),其使用模板模式实现,可通过调用该方法重建,上代码:
@Override
public void refresh() throws BeansException, IllegalStateException {
//加锁,避免同时刷
synchronized (this.startupShutdownMonitor) {
// 准备工作,记录容器启动时间、标记启动状态
prepareRefresh();
// 解析配置信息封装成BeanDefinition,并注册到BeanFactory中(核心是一个 beanName-> beanDefinition 的 map)
// 通俗说就是将applicationContext.xml配置文件中的 解析成BeanDefinition(注解、配置类一样)
ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = obtainFreshBeanFactory();
// 设置BeanFactory的类加载器,并添加几个BeanPostProcession(核心是一个列表)
prepareBeanFactory(beanFactory);
try {
// 到目前为止Bean还没有初始化
//这一步主要是注册一些特殊类BeanFactoryPostProcessor
//BeanFactoryPostProcessor主要作用:可以对BeanDefinition进行修改,可以参考资源中SpringBeanFactoryPostProcessor类
postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory);
// 调用BeanFactoryPostProcessor各个实现类的postProcessBeanFactory(factory)方法
invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory);
// 注册BeanPostProcession的实现类(初始化BeanPostProcession接口对象),可参考资源中SpringBeanPostProcessor类
registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory);
// 国际化,比如:中英文的切换
initMessageSource();
// 初始化事件
initApplicationEventMulticaster();
// 初始化特殊的子类
onRefresh();
// 注册事件监听器,将监听器绑定到事件上,观察者模式
registerListeners();
// 核心方法
//初始化所有的 singleton beans,(lazy-init 的除外)
finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory);
// 执行事件
finishRefresh();
}
catch (BeansException ex) {
if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
logger.warn("Exception encountered during context initialization - " +
"cancelling refresh attempt: " + ex);
}
// 销毁已经初始化过的singleton bean
destroyBeans();
// 标记启动状态false
cancelRefresh(ex);
// Propagate exception to caller.
throw ex;
}
finally {
// Reset common introspection caches in Spring's core, since we
// might not ever need metadata for singleton beans anymore...
resetCommonCaches();
}
}
}
下面,我们开始一步步来解析这个 refresh() 方法
prepareRefresh()
该过程主要用来记录容器的启动时间、标记启动状态等,不展开详述了。
obtainFreshBeanFactory()
该方法是核心方法之一,该过程主要用来解析配置信息为BeanDefinition,并注册到BeanFactory中
protected ConfigurableListableBeanFactory obtainFreshBeanFactory() {
// 关闭旧的 BeanFactory (如果有),创建新的 BeanFactory,
// 加载 BeanDefinition、注册 BeanDefinition 等等
refreshBeanFactory();
ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = getBeanFactory();
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Bean factory for " + getDisplayName() + ": " + beanFactory);
}
return beanFactory;
}
@Override
protected final void refreshBeanFactory() throws BeansException {
// 如果 ApplicationContext 中已经加载过 BeanFactory 了,销毁所有 Bean,关闭 BeanFactory
// 注意,应用中 BeanFactory 本来就是可以多个的,这里可不是说应用全局是否有 BeanFactory,而是当前
// ApplicationContext 是否有 BeanFactory
if (hasBeanFactory()) {
destroyBeans();
closeBeanFactory();
}
try {
DefaultListableBeanFactory beanFactory = createBeanFactory();
beanFactory.setSerializationId(getId());
// 设置 BeanFactory 的两个配置属性:是否允许 Bean 覆盖、是否允许循环引用
customizeBeanFactory(beanFactory);
// 重点加载 Bean 到 BeanFactory 中
loadBeanDefinitions(beanFactory);
synchronized (this.beanFactoryMonitor) {
this.beanFactory = beanFactory;
}
}
catch (IOException ex) {
throw new ApplicationContextException("I/O error parsing bean definition source for " + getDisplayName(), ex);
}
}
浅尝辄止,想深入的同学可以自行了解
prepareBeanFactory(beanFactory)
该过程主要设置BeanFactory的类加载器,并添加几个BeanPostProcession,不再展开叙述。
postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory)和invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory)
该过程主要是注册BeanFactoryPostProcessor的实现类并调用postProcessBeanFactory(factory)方法用来调整BeanDefinition,不再展开叙述。可调式SpringBeanFactoryPostProcessor类进行了解
registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory)
将BeanPostProcession的实现类注册到BeanFactory中,并初始化,注意:仅仅是初始化实现了BeanPostProcession接口的类。不再展开叙述。可调式SpringBeanPostProcessor类进行了解
直接看核心方法finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory)
protected void finishBeanFactoryInitialization(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) {
// 初始化实现了ConversionService接口的类(beanFactory.getBean),主要用来转换参数.
if (beanFactory.containsBean(CONVERSION_SERVICE_BEAN_NAME) &&
beanFactory.isTypeMatch(CONVERSION_SERVICE_BEAN_NAME, ConversionService.class)) {
beanFactory.setConversionService(
beanFactory.getBean(CONVERSION_SERVICE_BEAN_NAME, ConversionService.class));
}
// Register a default embedded value resolver if no bean post-processor
// (such as a PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer bean) registered any before:
// at this point, primarily for resolution in annotation attribute values.
if (!beanFactory.hasEmbeddedValueResolver()) {
beanFactory.addEmbeddedValueResolver(strVal -> getEnvironment().resolvePlaceholders(strVal));
}
// 用于织入第三方模块
String[] weaverAwareNames = beanFactory.getBeanNamesForType(LoadTimeWeaverAware.class, false, false);
for (String weaverAwareName : weaverAwareNames) {
getBean(weaverAwareName);
}
// Stop using the temporary ClassLoader for type matching.
beanFactory.setTempClassLoader(null);
// Allow for caching all bean definition metadata, not expecting further changes.
beanFactory.freezeConfiguration();
// 实例化所有剩余的(非惰性初始化)单例.
beanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons();
}
@Override
public void preInstantiateSingletons() throws BeansException {
if (this.logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
this.logger.debug("Pre-instantiating singletons in " + this);
}
// Iterate over a copy to allow for init methods which in turn register new bean definitions.
// While this may not be part of the regular factory bootstrap, it does otherwise work fine.
List beanNames = new ArrayList<>(this.beanDefinitionNames);
// 触发所有的非懒加载的 singleton beans 的初始化操作
for (String beanName : beanNames) {
// 合并父 Bean 中的配置,注意 中的 parent,用的不多
RootBeanDefinition bd = getMergedLocalBeanDefinition(beanName);
// 非抽象、非懒加载的 singletons。如果配置了 'abstract = true',那是不需要初始化的
if (!bd.isAbstract() && bd.isSingleton() && !bd.isLazyInit()) {
// 处理 FactoryBean
if (isFactoryBean(beanName)) {
// FactoryBean 的话,在 beanName 前面加上 ‘&’ 符号。再调用 getBean
Object bean = getBean(FACTORY_BEAN_PREFIX + beanName);
if (bean instanceof FactoryBean) {
final FactoryBean> factory = (FactoryBean>) bean;
// 判断当前 FactoryBean 是否是 SmartFactoryBean 的实现,此处忽略,直接跳过
boolean isEagerInit;
if (System.getSecurityManager() != null && factory instanceof SmartFactoryBean) {
isEagerInit = AccessController.doPrivileged((PrivilegedAction)
((SmartFactoryBean>) factory)::isEagerInit,
getAccessControlContext());
}
else {
isEagerInit = (factory instanceof SmartFactoryBean &&
((SmartFactoryBean>) factory).isEagerInit());
}
if (isEagerInit) {
getBean(beanName);
}
}
}
else {
// 对于普通的 Bean,只要调用 getBean(beanName) 这个方法就可以进行初始化了
getBean(beanName);
}
}
}
// 到这里说明所有的非懒加载的 singleton beans 已经完成了初始化
// 如果我们定义的 bean 是实现了 SmartInitializingSingleton 接口的,那么在这里得到回调,忽略
for (String beanName : beanNames) {
Object singletonInstance = getSingleton(beanName);
if (singletonInstance instanceof SmartInitializingSingleton) {
final SmartInitializingSingleton smartSingleton = (SmartInitializingSingleton) singletonInstance;
if (System.getSecurityManager() != null) {
AccessController.doPrivileged((PrivilegedAction
接下来,进入到getBean(name)方法中
@Override
public Object getBean(String name) throws BeansException {
return doGetBean(name, null, null, false);
}
// 我们在剖析初始化 Bean 的过程,但是 getBean 方法我们经常是用来从容器中获取 Bean 用的,注意切换思路,
// 已经初始化过了就从容器中直接返回,否则就先初始化再返回
protected T doGetBean(final String name, @Nullable final Class requiredType,
@Nullable final Object[] args, boolean typeCheckOnly) throws BeansException {
final String beanName = transformedBeanName(name);
Object bean;
// 检查单例缓存中是否存在
Object sharedInstance = getSingleton(beanName);
if (sharedInstance != null && args == null) {
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
if (isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)) {
logger.debug("Returning eagerly cached instance of singleton bean '" + beanName +
"' that is not fully initialized yet - a consequence of a circular reference");
}
else {
logger.debug("Returning cached instance of singleton bean '" + beanName + "'");
}
}
bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(sharedInstance, name, beanName, null);
}
else {
// Fail if we're already creating this bean instance:
// We're assumably within a circular reference.
if (isPrototypeCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)) {
throw new BeanCurrentlyInCreationException(beanName);
}
// 检查一下这个 BeanDefinition 在容器中是否存在.
BeanFactory parentBeanFactory = getParentBeanFactory();
if (parentBeanFactory != null && !containsBeanDefinition(beanName)) {
// 未找到->检查父节点
String nameToLookup = originalBeanName(name);
if (parentBeanFactory instanceof AbstractBeanFactory) {
return ((AbstractBeanFactory) parentBeanFactory).doGetBean(
nameToLookup, requiredType, args, typeCheckOnly);
}
else if (args != null) {
// Delegation to parent with explicit args.
return (T) parentBeanFactory.getBean(nameToLookup, args);
}
else {
// No args -> delegate to standard getBean method.
return parentBeanFactory.getBean(nameToLookup, requiredType);
}
}
if (!typeCheckOnly) {
markBeanAsCreated(beanName);
}
/*
* 稍稍总结一下:
* 到这里的话,要准备创建 Bean 了,对于 singleton 的 Bean 来说,容器中还没创建过此 Bean;
* 对于 prototype 的 Bean 来说,本来就是要创建一个新的 Bean。
*/
try {
final RootBeanDefinition mbd = getMergedLocalBeanDefinition(beanName);
checkMergedBeanDefinition(mbd, beanName, args);
// 保证当前bean所依赖的bean的初始化
String[] dependsOn = mbd.getDependsOn();
if (dependsOn != null) {
for (String dep : dependsOn) {
if (isDependent(beanName, dep)) {
throw new BeanCreationException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName,
"Circular depends-on relationship between '" + beanName + "' and '" + dep + "'");
}
registerDependentBean(dep, beanName);
getBean(dep);
}
}
// 创建bean实例
if (mbd.isSingleton()) {
sharedInstance = getSingleton(beanName, () -> {
try {
// 执行创建 Bean
return createBean(beanName, mbd, args);
}
catch (BeansException ex) {
// Explicitly remove instance from singleton cache: It might have been put there
// eagerly by the creation process, to allow for circular reference resolution.
// Also remove any beans that received a temporary reference to the bean.
destroySingleton(beanName);
throw ex;
}
});
bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(sharedInstance, name, beanName, mbd);
}
// 创建 prototype 的实例
else if (mbd.isPrototype()) {
// It's a prototype -> create a new instance.
Object prototypeInstance = null;
try {
beforePrototypeCreation(beanName);
// 执行创建 Bean
prototypeInstance = createBean(beanName, mbd, args);
}
finally {
afterPrototypeCreation(beanName);
}
bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(prototypeInstance, name, beanName, mbd);
}
// 如果不是 singleton 和 prototype 的话,需要委托给相应的实现类来处理
else {
String scopeName = mbd.getScope();
final Scope scope = this.scopes.get(scopeName);
if (scope == null) {
throw new IllegalStateException("No Scope registered for scope name '" + scopeName + "'");
}
try {
Object scopedInstance = scope.get(beanName, () -> {
beforePrototypeCreation(beanName);
try {
return createBean(beanName, mbd, args);
}
finally {
afterPrototypeCreation(beanName);
}
});
bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(scopedInstance, name, beanName, mbd);
}
catch (IllegalStateException ex) {
throw new BeanCreationException(beanName,
"Scope '" + scopeName + "' is not active for the current thread; consider " +
"defining a scoped proxy for this bean if you intend to refer to it from a singleton",
ex);
}
}
}
catch (BeansException ex) {
cleanupAfterBeanCreationFailure(beanName);
throw ex;
}
}
// 检查所需的类型是否与实际bean实例的类型匹配
if (requiredType != null && !requiredType.isInstance(bean)) {
try {
T convertedBean = getTypeConverter().convertIfNecessary(bean, requiredType);
if (convertedBean == null) {
throw new BeanNotOfRequiredTypeException(name, requiredType, bean.getClass());
}
return convertedBean;
}
catch (TypeMismatchException ex) {
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Failed to convert bean '" + name + "' to required type '" +
ClassUtils.getQualifiedName(requiredType) + "'", ex);
}
throw new BeanNotOfRequiredTypeException(name, requiredType, bean.getClass());
}
}
return (T) bean;
}
@Override
protected Object createBean(String beanName, RootBeanDefinition mbd, @Nullable Object[] args)
throws BeanCreationException {
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Creating instance of bean '" + beanName + "'");
}
RootBeanDefinition mbdToUse = mbd;
// 确保 BeanDefinition 中的 Class 被加载
Class> resolvedClass = resolveBeanClass(mbd, beanName);
if (resolvedClass != null && !mbd.hasBeanClass() && mbd.getBeanClassName() != null) {
mbdToUse = new RootBeanDefinition(mbd);
mbdToUse.setBeanClass(resolvedClass);
}
// 准备方法覆盖
try {
mbdToUse.prepareMethodOverrides();
}
catch (BeanDefinitionValidationException ex) {
throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(mbdToUse.getResourceDescription(),
beanName, "Validation of method overrides failed", ex);
}
try {
// Give BeanPostProcessors a chance to return a proxy instead of the target bean instance.
Object bean = resolveBeforeInstantiation(beanName, mbdToUse);
if (bean != null) {
return bean;
}
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
throw new BeanCreationException(mbdToUse.getResourceDescription(), beanName,
"BeanPostProcessor before instantiation of bean failed", ex);
}
try {
//创建 bean
Object beanInstance = doCreateBean(beanName, mbdToUse, args);
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Finished creating instance of bean '" + beanName + "'");
}
return beanInstance;
}
catch (BeanCreationException ex) {
// A previously detected exception with proper bean creation context already...
throw ex;
}
catch (ImplicitlyAppearedSingletonException ex) {
// An IllegalStateException to be communicated up to DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry...
throw ex;
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
throw new BeanCreationException(
mbdToUse.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Unexpected exception during bean creation", ex);
}
}
protected Object doCreateBean(final String beanName, final RootBeanDefinition mbd, final @Nullable Object[] args)
throws BeanCreationException {
// Instantiate the bean.
BeanWrapper instanceWrapper = null;
if (mbd.isSingleton()) {
instanceWrapper = this.factoryBeanInstanceCache.remove(beanName);
}
if (instanceWrapper == null) {
instanceWrapper = createBeanInstance(beanName, mbd, args);
}
final Object bean = instanceWrapper.getWrappedInstance();
Class> beanType = instanceWrapper.getWrappedClass();
if (beanType != NullBean.class) {
mbd.resolvedTargetType = beanType;
}
// Allow post-processors to modify the merged bean definition.
synchronized (mbd.postProcessingLock) {
if (!mbd.postProcessed) {
try {
applyMergedBeanDefinitionPostProcessors(mbd, beanType, beanName);
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
throw new BeanCreationException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName,
"Post-processing of merged bean definition failed", ex);
}
mbd.postProcessed = true;
}
}
// Eagerly cache singletons to be able to resolve circular references
// even when triggered by lifecycle interfaces like BeanFactoryAware.
boolean earlySingletonExposure = (mbd.isSingleton() && this.allowCircularReferences &&
isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName));
if (earlySingletonExposure) {
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Eagerly caching bean '" + beanName +
"' to allow for resolving potential circular references");
}
addSingletonFactory(beanName, () -> getEarlyBeanReference(beanName, mbd, bean));
}
// Initialize the bean instance.
Object exposedObject = bean;
try {
//属性注入
populateBean(beanName, mbd, instanceWrapper);
//前置处理器、初始化(init-methed)、后置处理器
exposedObject = initializeBean(beanName, exposedObject, mbd);
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
if (ex instanceof BeanCreationException && beanName.equals(((BeanCreationException) ex).getBeanName())) {
throw (BeanCreationException) ex;
}
else {
throw new BeanCreationException(
mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Initialization of bean failed", ex);
}
}
if (earlySingletonExposure) {
Object earlySingletonReference = getSingleton(beanName, false);
if (earlySingletonReference != null) {
if (exposedObject == bean) {
exposedObject = earlySingletonReference;
}
else if (!this.allowRawInjectionDespiteWrapping && hasDependentBean(beanName)) {
String[] dependentBeans = getDependentBeans(beanName);
Set actualDependentBeans = new LinkedHashSet<>(dependentBeans.length);
for (String dependentBean : dependentBeans) {
if (!removeSingletonIfCreatedForTypeCheckOnly(dependentBean)) {
actualDependentBeans.add(dependentBean);
}
}
if (!actualDependentBeans.isEmpty()) {
throw new BeanCurrentlyInCreationException(beanName,
"Bean with name '" + beanName + "' has been injected into other beans [" +
StringUtils.collectionToCommaDelimitedString(actualDependentBeans) +
"] in its raw version as part of a circular reference, but has eventually been " +
"wrapped. This means that said other beans do not use the final version of the " +
"bean. This is often the result of over-eager type matching - consider using " +
"'getBeanNamesOfType' with the 'allowEagerInit' flag turned off, for example.");
}
}
}
}
// Register bean as disposable.
try {
registerDisposableBeanIfNecessary(beanName, bean, mbd);
}
catch (BeanDefinitionValidationException ex) {
throw new BeanCreationException(
mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Invalid destruction signature", ex);
}
return exposedObject;
}
protected Object initializeBean(final String beanName, final Object bean, @Nullable RootBeanDefinition mbd) {
if (System.getSecurityManager() != null) {
AccessController.doPrivileged((PrivilegedAction
就这样吧,果然事与愿违,本来打算结合测试代码写写的,结果是贴代码o(╥﹏╥)o