【第一部分】历史文章:
SpringBoot总结(一)——第一个SpringBoot项目
SpringBoot总结(二)——Spring Boot的自动配置
SpringBoot总结(三)——SpringBoot的配置文件
SpringBoot总结(四)——@Value和@ConfigurationProperties的区别
SpringBoot总结(五)——@PropertySource注解与@ImportResource注解
SpringBoot总结(六)——SpringBoot配置文件占位符
SpringBoot总结(七)——Profile的使用
SpringBoot总结(八)——配置文件的加载位置
SpringBoot总结(九)——@Conditional注解与自动配置报告
SpringBoot总结(十)——SpringBoot+Mybatis实现数据库的CRUD(从创建到实现【超详细附代码】)
SpringBoot总结(十一)——SpringBoot的静态资源映射规则
SpringBoot总结(十二)——登录界面的实现
SpringBoot总结(十三)——修改嵌入式Servlet容器配置
SpringBoot总结(十四)——SpringBoot整合JDBCTemplate及Druid连接池
本篇文章主要介绍了RESTful的一些知识点,以及基于RESTful风格的CRUD的例子,和基于SpringBoot为手机APP、PC、构建统一风格的Restful API。
REST
是软件架构的规范体系结构,它将资源的状态以适合客户端的形式从服务器端发送到客户端(或者相反的方向)。在REST中,通过URL进行资源定位,用HTTP动作(GET、POST、DELETE、PUT等)描述操作完成功能。
遵循RESTful风格,可以使得开发的接口通用,以便调用者理解接口的作用。因此,基于REST构建的API就是RESTful(REST风格)API。
各大机构提供的API基本都是RESTful风格的。这样可以统一规范,减少沟通,学习和开发的成本。
RESTful风格使用同一个URL,通过约定不同的HTTP方法来实施不同的业务。
下面是普通网页的CRUD和RESTful风格的CRUD的区别:
动作 | 普通CRUD的URL | 普通CRUD的HTTP方法 | ReSTful的URL | RESTful的CRUD的HTTP方法 |
---|---|---|---|---|
查询 | Article/id=1 | GET | Article/{id} | GET |
添加 | Article?title=xxx&body=xxx | GET/POST | Article | POST |
修改 | Article/update?id=xxx | GET | Article/{id} | PUT或者PATCH |
删除 | Article/delete?id=xxx | GET | Article/{id} | DELETE |
下面是基于RESTful风格的CRUD的例子,并且定义了统一的数据返回格式。
操作数据库的方式采用了SpringBoot
与SpringDataJPA
整合的方式;具体这里将不再详细介绍,下面附上一些主要的代码。
ArticleController.java
package com.example.controller;
import com.example.entity.Article;
import com.example.repository.ArticleRepository;
import com.example.result.ExceptionMsg;
import com.example.result.Response;
import com.example.result.ResponseData;
import io.github.yedaxia.apidocs.ApiDoc;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
/**
* 文章接口类
*/
@RequestMapping("/article")
@RestController
public class ArticleController {
protected Response result(ExceptionMsg msg){
return new Response(msg);
}
protected Response result(){
return new Response();
}
@Autowired
private ArticleRepository articleRepository;
/**
* 查询所有文章
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping(value = "/", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public ResponseData getArticleList() {
List<Article> list = new ArrayList<Article>(articleRepository.findAll());
return new ResponseData(ExceptionMsg.SUCCESS,list);
}
/**
* 增加文章信息
* @param article 文章对象
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping(value = "/", method = RequestMethod.POST)
public ResponseData add(@RequestBody Article article) {
articleRepository.save(article);
return new ResponseData(ExceptionMsg.SUCCESS,article);
}
/**
* 删除文章信息
* @param id 文章id
* @return Response
*/
@RequestMapping(value = "/{id}", method = RequestMethod.DELETE)
public Response delete(@PathVariable("id") int id) {
articleRepository.deleteById(id);
return result(ExceptionMsg.SUCCESS);
}
/**
* 修改文章信息
* @param model 文章对象
* @return ResponseData
*/
@RequestMapping(value = "/{id}", method = RequestMethod.PUT)
public ResponseData update(@RequestBody Article model) {
articleRepository.save(model);
return new ResponseData(ExceptionMsg.SUCCESS,model);
}
/**
* 根据文章id 查询文章信息
* @param id
* @return ResponseData
* @throws IOException
*/
@RequestMapping(value = "/{id}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public ResponseData findArticle(@PathVariable("id") int id) throws IOException {
Article article = articleRepository.findById(id);
if (article != null) {
return new ResponseData(ExceptionMsg.SUCCESS,article);
}
return new ResponseData(ExceptionMsg.FAILED,article);
}
}
启动项目,进行如下的测试。
package com.example.result;
//实现响应的枚举类
public enum ExceptionMsg {
SUCCESS("200", "操作成功"),
FAILED("999999","操作失败"),
ParamError("000001", "参数错误!"),
FileEmpty("000400","上传文件为空"),
LimitPictureSize("000401","图片大小必须小于2M"),
LimitPictureType("000402","图片格式必须为'jpg'、'png'、'jpge'、'gif'、'bmp'")
;
private ExceptionMsg(String code, String msg) {
this.code = code;
this.msg = msg;
}
private String code;
private String msg;
public String getCode() {
return code;
}
public String getMsg() {
return msg;
}
}
package com.example.result;
/**
* @author 2017810402084
* 实现返回对象实体
*/
public class Response {
/** 返回信息码*/
private String rspCode="000000";
/** 返回信息内容*/
private String rspMsg="操作成功";
public Response() {
}
public Response(ExceptionMsg msg){
this.rspCode=msg.getCode();
this.rspMsg=msg.getMsg();
}
public Response(String rspCode) {
this.rspCode = rspCode;
this.rspMsg = "";
}
public Response(String rspCode, String rspMsg) {
this.rspCode = rspCode;
this.rspMsg = rspMsg;
}
public String getRspCode() {
return rspCode;
}
public void setRspCode(String rspCode) {
this.rspCode = rspCode;
}
public String getRspMsg() {
return rspMsg;
}
public void setRspMsg(String rspMsg) {
this.rspMsg = rspMsg;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Response{" +
"rspCode='" + rspCode + '\'' +
", rspMsg='" + rspMsg + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
package com.example.result;
import com.example.exception.BusinessException;
/**
* @author 2017810402084
* 返回结果数据格式封装
*/
public class ResponseData extends Response {
private Object data;
public ResponseData() {
}
public ResponseData(Object data) {
this.data = data;
}
public ResponseData(ExceptionMsg msg) {
super(msg);
}
public ResponseData(String rspCode, String rspMsg) {
super(rspCode, rspMsg);
}
public ResponseData(String rspCode, String rspMsg, Object data) {
super(rspCode, rspMsg);
this.data = data;
}
public ResponseData(ExceptionMsg msg, Object data) {
super(msg);
this.data = data;
}
public Object getData() {
return data;
}
public void setData(Object data) {
this.data = data;
}
/**
* 自定义异常的返回结果
* @param de
* @return
*/
public static ResponseData defineBusinessException(BusinessException de) {
ResponseData responseData = new ResponseData();
responseData.setRspCode(de.getCode());
responseData.setRspMsg(de.getMsg());
responseData.setData(null);
return responseData;
}
}
package com.example.exception;
import com.example.result.ResponseData;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseStatus;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestControllerAdvice;
/**
* @author 2017810402084
* 定义全局异常处理类:来处理各种的异常,包括自己定义的异常和内部的异常
*/
@RestControllerAdvice
public class GlobalExceptionHandler {
/**
* (1)处理自定义异常BusinessException
*/
@ExceptionHandler(value = BusinessException.class)
@ResponseBody
public ResponseData bizBusinessException(BusinessException e) {
return ResponseData.defineBusinessException(e);
}
/**
* (2)处理其他的异常
*/
@ExceptionHandler(value = Exception.class)
@ResponseBody
public ResponseData exceptionHandler(Exception e) {
return new ResponseData(e);
}
}
package com.example.exception;
/**
* @author 2017810402084
* 创建自定义异常处理类:BusinessException.java
*/
public class BusinessException extends RuntimeException{
private String code;
private String msg;
public BusinessException(String code, String msg) {
this.msg = msg;
this.code = code;
}
public String getCode() {
return code;
}
public void setCode(String code) {
this.code = code;
}
public String getMsg() {
return msg;
}
public void setMsg(String msg) {
this.msg = msg;
}
}
package com.example.controller;
import com.example.exception.BusinessException;
import com.example.exception.UserNameNotMatchPasswordException;
import com.example.result.ResponseData;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseStatus;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
/**
*
* 统一异常测试类
*/
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/test")
public class TestController {
/**
* 自定义异常测试
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping("/BusinessException")
public ResponseData DeException() {
throw new BusinessException("40000000", "出错了!");
}
/**
* 处理其他的异常
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping("/getException")
public ResponseData Exception() {
ResponseData responseData = new ResponseData();
responseData.setRspCode("400");
responseData.setRspMsg("出错");
return responseData;
}
}