Nacos服务注册和配置中心

Nacos服务注册和配置中心

###第1章 Nacos简介

1.1 什么是Nacos?

官方术语:一个更易于构建云原生应用的动态服务发现、配置管理和服务管理平台

个人理解:Nacos就是注册中心+配置中心的组合(Nacos=Eureka+Config+Bus)

1.2 Nacos能干什么?

替代Eureka做服务注册中心

替代Config做服务配置中心

1.3下载地址以及官方文档

下载地址

https://github.com/alibaba/Nacos

官方文档:

https://nacos.io/zh-cn/docs/quick-start.html

https://spring.io/projects/spring-cloud-alibaba/

第2章 Nacos安装并运行

  1. Windows版本Nacos的安装直接下载后解压即可
  2. 进入bin目录,然后在当前目录运行cmd,输入startup.cmd,看Nacos的图标证明Nacos运行成功
  3. 运行成功后在浏览器输入http://localhost:8848/nacos ,访问成功后证明Nacos安装并运行成功(默认Nacos的账号密码是:nacos)

第3章 Nacos的使用

3.1Nacos作为服务注册中心(提供者)

步骤:

  1. 导入依赖

        <dependencies>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloudgroupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discoveryartifactId>
                <version>0.2.2.RELEASEversion>
            dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.nacosgroupId>
                <artifactId>nacos-clientartifactId>
                <version>1.1.0version>
            dependency>
    
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webartifactId>
            dependency>
    
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-testartifactId>
            dependency>
    
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-actuatorartifactId>
            dependency>
        dependencies>
    
  2. 编写application.yml

    server:
      port: 9001 #端口9001
    spring:
      cloud:
        nacos:
          discovery:
            server-addr: localhost:8848 #nacos的服务端地址
      application:
        name: nacos-payment-provider #微服务的提供者
    
    
  3. 编写SpringBoot启动类

    @SpringBootApplication
    public class NacosServerProvider {
           
        public static void main(String[] args) {
           
            SpringApplication.run(NacosServerProvider.class,args);
        }
    }
    
  4. 编写业务代码

3.2Nacos作为客户端(消费者)

步骤:

  1. 导入依赖

        <dependencies>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloudgroupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discoveryartifactId>
                <version>0.2.2.RELEASEversion>
            dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.nacosgroupId>
                <artifactId>nacos-clientartifactId>
                <version>1.1.0version>
            dependency>
    
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webartifactId>
            dependency>
    
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-testartifactId>
            dependency>
    
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-actuatorartifactId>
            dependency>
        dependencies>
    
  2. 编写application.yml

    server:
      port: 9002 #端口9002
    spring:
      cloud:
        nacos:
          discovery:
            server-addr: localhost:8848 #nacos的服务端地址
      application:
        name: nacos-payment-consumer #微服务的消费者
    
  3. 编写SpringBoot启动类

    @EnableDiscoveryClient
    @SpringBootApplication
    public class NacosServerConsumer {
           
        public static void main(String[] args) {
           
            SpringApplication.run(NacosServerConsumer.class,args);
        }
    }
    

3.3 Nacos负载均衡

条件:

需要两个以上服务的提供者,端口号不同

消费端
  1. 导入依赖

        <dependencies>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloudgroupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-nacos-discoveryartifactId>
                <version>0.2.2.RELEASEversion>
            dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.nacosgroupId>
                <artifactId>nacos-clientartifactId>
                <version>1.1.0version>
            dependency>
    
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webartifactId>
                <version>2.2.2.RELEASEversion>
            dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-testartifactId>
                <version>2.2.2.RELEASEversion>
            dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuatorartifactId>
                <version>2.2.2.RELEASEversion>
            dependency>
        dependencies>
    
  2. 编写启动类

    package com.zhiwang.nacos;
    
    import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
    import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
    
    @EnableDiscoveryClient
    @SpringBootApplication
    public class NacosServerConsumer {
           
        public static void main(String[] args) {
           
            SpringApplication.run(NacosServerConsumer.class,args);
        }
    }
    
    
  3. 编写config

    package com.zhiwang.nacos.config;
    
    import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
    import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
    
    @Configuration
    public class RestTemplateConfig {
           
        @Bean
        @LoadBalanced //表示进行轮询
        public RestTemplate restTemplate(){
           
            return new RestTemplate();
        }
    }
    
  4. 编写controller

    package com.zhiwang.nacos.controller;
    
    
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
    import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.DiscoveryClient;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
    import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
    
    import javax.annotation.Resource;
    
    
    @RestController
    @RequestMapping("/order")
    public class OrderController {
           
        @Resource
        private RestTemplate restTemplate;
    
        @Resource
        private DiscoveryClient discoveryClient;
    
        @Value("${service-url.nacos-user-service}")
        private String serverURL;
    
        @GetMapping("/goods/{id}")
        public String findGoodsById(@PathVariable("id") int id){
           
            return restTemplate.getForObject(serverURL+"/goods/findOne/"+id,String.class);
        }
    }
    
  5. application.yml

    server:
      port: 9002 #端口9002
    spring:
      cloud:
        nacos:
          discovery:
            server-addr: localhost:8848 #nacos的服务端地址
      application:
        name: nacos-payment-consumer #微服务的消费者
    service-url:
       nacos-user-service: http://nacos-payment-provider
    
服务端

需要创建两个及以上的服务端,除了端口号不同,其它都相同

  1. 导入依赖

        <dependencies>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloudgroupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discoveryartifactId>
                <version>0.2.2.RELEASEversion>
            dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.nacosgroupId>
                <artifactId>nacos-clientartifactId>
                <version>1.1.0version>
            dependency>
    
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webartifactId>
            dependency>
    
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-testartifactId>
            dependency>
    
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-actuatorartifactId>
            dependency>
        dependencies>
    
  2. 编写启动类

    package com.zhiwang.nacos;
    
    import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
    
    @SpringBootApplication
    public class NacosServerProvider2 {
           
        public static void main(String[] args) {
           
            SpringApplication.run(NacosServerProvider2.class,args);
        }
    }
    
  3. application.yml

    server:
      port: 9000 #端口9000
    spring:
      cloud:
        nacos:
          discovery:
            server-addr: localhost:8848 #nacos的服务端地址
      application:
        name: nacos-payment-provider #微服务的提供者
    
    
  4. 编写ontroller直接返回数据

    package com.zhiwang.nacos.controller;
    
    
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
    
    @RestController
    @RequestMapping("/goods")
    public class GoodsController {
           
    
    
        @Value("${server.port}")
        private String serverPort;
    
        @GetMapping("/findOne/{id}")
        public String findOne(@PathVariable("id") int id){
           
    
    
            return "nacos registry,serverPort:"+serverPort+"id:"+id;
        }
    }
    

第4章 Nacos服务配置中心

Nacos同springcloud-config一样,在项目初始化时,要保证先从配置中心进行配置拉取,拉取配置之后,才能保证项目的正常启动。

springboot中配置文件的加载是存在优先级顺序的,bootstrap优先级高于application

Nacos服务注册和配置中心_第1张图片

bootstarp.yml

server:
  port: 3377 #端口3377
spring:
  application:
    name: nacos-config-client #微服务的消费者
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        server-addr: localhost:8848 #nacos的服务端地址
      config:
        server-addr: localhost:8848 #nacos作为配置中心
        file-extension: yaml #指定yaml格式的配置
        group: DEV_GROUP #指定组

#   ${prefix}-${spring.profiles.active}.${file-extension}
# nacos-config-client-dev-yaml
#    prefix 默认为 spring.application.name 的值,也可以通过配置项 spring.cloud.nacos.config.prefix来配置。
#   spring.profiles.active 即为当前环境对应的 profile,详情可以参考 Spring Boot文档。
#  注意:当 spring.profiles.active 为空时,对应的连接符 - 也将不存在,dataId 的拼接格式变成 ${prefix}.${file-extension}
#  file-exetension 为配置内容的数据格式,可以通过配置项 spring.cloud.nacos.config.file-extension 来配置。目前只支持 properties 和 yaml 类型。

application.yml

spring:
  profiles:
    active: info #表示开发环境

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