Vmware下ubuntu18.04初始化配置

Vmware下ubuntu18.04初始化配置

本文旨在已在vmware中安装好的ubuntu18.04进行相关的初始化配置，并由于ros和slam的开发需求，提到了有关qt-creator以及roboware-studio的安装。再次作为记录，仅供参考。

1. 安装vmware tools

由于安装的ubuntu18.04在虚拟机中的大小无法适应客户机的大小，并且在开发时经常需要在win10系统和ubuntu系统中复制文本文件，因此vmware tool的存在显得尤为重要，其流程图下：

1. 在任务栏中选择虚拟机—VMware tools

2. 此时在桌面出现了DVD文件，双击进入，打开终端

3. 将文件VMwareTools-9.6.1-1378637.tar.gz复制到主目录下，在DVD文件下无法解压。

4. 执行命令进行解压。

   tar -xzvf VMwareTools-9.6.1-1378637.tar.gz
   

5. 进入vmware-tools-distrib文件

   cd vmware-tools-distrib
   

6. 运行vmware-install.pl

   sudo ./vmware-install.pl
   

7. 所有配置默认即可，有yes的输入yes，有目录的按下enter键。

8. 等待安装成功即可。

2. 换国内源

1. 备份初始源

   sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak
   

2. 编辑sources.list

   sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list
   

   将初始化用#注释，换上国内镜像源。

   阿里源：

   deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
   deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
   deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
   deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
   deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
   deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
   deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
   deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
   deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
   deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
   

   清华源:

   deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
   deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
   deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
   deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
   deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
   deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
   deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
   deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
   deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
   deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
   

   中科大源

   deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
   deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
   deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
   deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
   deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
   deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
   deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
   deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
   deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
   deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
   

3. 在新的源下进行更新

   sudo apt-get update
   sudo apt-get upgrade -y
   sudo apt upgrade -y
   

3. 安装ibus中文输入法

1. 输入ibus检查是否安装（一般来说，ubuntu18.04下ibus已有安装）

2. 下载ibus拼音输入法

   sudo apt-get install ibus-pinyin
   

3. 等待安装完毕后，进入system setting界面，选择Language Support，选择“添加或删除语言”界面，会系统选择语言支持。

4. 点击中文简体，点击apply，等待安装。

5. 安装完毕后将汉语拖动至最前面，并单击“应用到整个系统”。最后将“键盘输入法系统”改为iBus即可。

6. 最后进行系统重启（important step）

4. 安装Qt5

ubuntu安装qt5只需要一条指令：

sudo apt-get install qt5-default qtcreator -y

5. 安装roboware-studio

由于ROS的开发需求，需要安装roboware进行编程，因此在这边简述roboware的安装过程。

1. 输入指令安装必要的编译程序必须软件包

   sudo apt-get install build-essential
   

2. 运行下载的deb软件包安装

   sudo dpkg -i roboware-studio_1.2.0-1524709819_amd64.deb 
   

3. 若是报错，提示缺少依赖项，可针对终端提示的缺少项进行安装，或者执行下面的命令

   sudo apt --fix-broken install