一招教你手把手修复oracle坏块(一)！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！
首先，坏块分为物理坏块和逻辑坏块。前者通常是硬件的问题，后者是oracle本身内部的问题。
先给oracle数据库开启归档模式
SQL> archive log list
Database log mode No Archive Mode
Automatic archival Disabled
Archive destination /oracle/app/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch
Oldest online log sequence 6
Current log sequence 8
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup mount;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 759943168 bytes
Fixed Size 2257112 bytes
Variable Size 654315304 bytes
Database Buffers 96468992 bytes
Redo Buffers 6901760 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> alter database archivelog;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database open;
Database altered.
SQL> archive log list
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination /oracle/app/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch
Oldest online log sequence 6
Next log sequence to archive 8
Current log sequence 8
创建坏块修复实验的表空间，用户和所需权限
--创建一个大小为1m的表空间
create tablespace test datafile '/oracle/app/oradata/xtts11g/test01.dbf' size 1m;
--创建test用户
create user test identified by test default tablespace test temporary tablespace temp profile DEFAULT;
--授予相关的测试权限
grant connect,dba,resource,unlimited tablespace to test;创建表和模拟数据
SQL> conn test/test;
Connected.
SQL> create table test tablespace test as select * from scott.emp;
Table created.
SQL> insert into test select * from test;
14 rows created.
SQL> /
28 rows created.
SQL> /
56 rows created.
SQL> /
112 rows created.
SQL> /
224 rows created.
SQL> /
448 rows created.
SQL> /
896 rows created.
SQL> /
1792 rows created.
SQL> /
3584 rows created.
SQL> /
7168 rows created.
SQL> /
insert into test select * from test
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01653: unable to extend table TEST.TEST by 8 in tablespace TEST
SQL> select count(*) from test;
COUNT(*)
----------
14336触发检查点，将数据写入到数据文件中
SQL> alter system checkpoint;
System altered.
进行模拟坏块前，先用rman进行备份
[oracle@mongodb ~]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Sat Feb 20 13:46:55 2021
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: XTTS11G (DBID=1621650015)
RMAN> backup tablespace 'TEST' tag=zq;
Starting backup at 20-FEB-21
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=406 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00005 name=/oracle/app/oradata/xtts11g/test01.dbf
input datafile file number=00006 name=/oracle/app/oradata/xtts11g/test02.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 20-FEB-21
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 20-FEB-21
piece handle=/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/01vnlmnq_1_1 tag=ZQ comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 20-FEB-21
RMAN> 关闭数据库，用bbed篡改数据文件
bbed安装方法
cp ssbbded.o $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/lib
cp sbbdpt.o $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/lib
cp bbedus.msg $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/mesg
cp bbedus.msb $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/mesg
cd $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/lib
make -f ins_rdbms.mk $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/lib/bbed
bbed的安装介质在我的资源分享中可以免费下载，linux和aix的都有
使用bbed修改数据文件，人为制造坏块
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
[oracle@mongodb ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/lib
[oracle@mongodb lib]$ ls bbed
bbed
[oracle@mongodb lib]$ vi par.txt
blocksize=8192
listfile=filelist.txt
mode=edit
[oracle@mongodb lib]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Mon Feb 22 13:54:47 2021
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> select file#||chr(9)||name||chr(9)||bytes from v$datafile;
FILE#||CHR(9)||NAME||CHR(9)||BYTES
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 /oracle/app/oradata/xtts11g/system01.dbf 796917760
2 /oracle/app/oradata/xtts11g/sysaux01.dbf 534773760
3 /oracle/app/oradata/xtts11g/undotbs01.dbf 89128960
4 /oracle/app/oradata/xtts11g/users01.dbf 5242880
5 /oracle/app/oradata/xtts11g/test01.dbf 1048576
6 /oracle/app/oradata/xtts11g/test02.dbf 106496
6 rows selected.
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
[oracle@mongodb lib]$ vi filelist.txt
1 /oracle/app/oradata/xtts11g/system01.dbf 796917760
2 /oracle/app/oradata/xtts11g/sysaux01.dbf 534773760
3 /oracle/app/oradata/xtts11g/undotbs01.dbf 89128960
4 /oracle/app/oradata/xtts11g/users01.dbf 5242880
5 /oracle/app/oradata/xtts11g/test01.dbf 1048576
6 /oracle/app/oradata/xtts11g/test02.dbf 106496
选择5号数据文件
[oracle@mongodb lib]$ ./bbed parfile=par.txt password=blockedit
BBED: Release 2.0.0.0.0 - Limited Production on Mon Feb 22 13:56:20 2021
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
************* !!! For Oracle Internal Use only !!! ***************
BBED> set dba 5,19
DBA 0x01400013 (20971539 5,19)
破坏尾部8188偏移量
BBED> map
File: /oracle/app/oradata/xtts11g/test01.dbf (5)
Block: 19 Dba:0x01400013
------------------------------------------------------------
KTB Data Block (Table/Cluster)
struct kcbh, 20 bytes @0
struct ktbbh, 72 bytes @20
struct kdbh, 14 bytes @100
struct kdbt[1], 4 bytes @114
sb2 kdbr[170] @118
ub1 freespace[837] @458
ub1 rowdata[6893] @1295
ub4 tailchk @8188
BBED> set offset 8188
OFFSET 8188
BBED> m /x ff 8188
Warning: contents of previous BIFILE will be lost. Proceed? (Y/N) Y
File: /oracle/app/oradata/xtts11g/test01.dbf (5)
Block: 19 Offsets: 8188 to 8191 Dba:0x01400013
------------------------------------------------------------------------
ff06c348
<32 bytes per line>
BBED> sum apply
Check value for File 5, Block 19:
current = 0x084c, required = 0x084c
BBED> verify
DBVERIFY - Verification starting
FILE = /oracle/app/oradata/xtts11g/test01.dbf
BLOCK = 19
Block 19 is corrupt
Corrupt block relative dba: 0x01400013 (file 0, block 19)
Fractured block found during verification
Data in bad block:
type: 6 format: 2 rdba: 0x01400013
last change scn: 0x0000.001048c3 seq: 0x1 flg: 0x06
spare1: 0x0 spare2: 0x0 spare3: 0x0
consistency value in tail: 0x48c306ff
check value in block header: 0x84c
computed block checksum: 0x0
DBVERIFY - Verification complete
Total Blocks Examined : 1
Total Blocks Processed (Data) : 0
Total Blocks Failing (Data) : 0
Total Blocks Processed (Index): 0
Total Blocks Failing (Index): 0
Total Blocks Empty : 0
Total Blocks Marked Corrupt : 1
Total Blocks Influx : 2
Message 531 not found; product=RDBMS; facility=BBED
可以看到已经成功制造了坏块，现在使用dbv和查询再次验证下
[oracle@mongodb lib]$ dbv file=/oracle/app/oradata/xtts11g/test01.dbf
DBVERIFY: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Mon Feb 22 14:01:04 2021
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
DBVERIFY - Verification starting : FILE = /oracle/app/oradata/xtts11g/test01.dbf
Page 19 is influx - most likely media corrupt
Corrupt block relative dba: 0x01400013 (file 5, block 19)
Fractured block found during dbv:
Data in bad block:
type: 6 format: 2 rdba: 0x01400013
last change scn: 0x0000.001048c3 seq: 0x1 flg: 0x06
spare1: 0x0 spare2: 0x0 spare3: 0x0
consistency value in tail: 0x48c306ff
check value in block header: 0x84c
computed block checksum: 0x0
DBVERIFY - Verification complete
Total Pages Examined : 128
Total Pages Processed (Data) : 109
Total Pages Failing (Data) : 0
Total Pages Processed (Index): 0
Total Pages Failing (Index): 0
Total Pages Processed (Other): 17
Total Pages Processed (Seg) : 0
Total Pages Failing (Seg) : 0
Total Pages Empty : 1
Total Pages Marked Corrupt : 1
Total Pages Influx : 1
Total Pages Encrypted : 0
Highest block SCN : 1067203 (0.1067203)
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 759943168 bytes
Fixed Size 2257112 bytes
Variable Size 654315304 bytes
Database Buffers 96468992 bytes
Redo Buffers 6901760 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> conn test/test;
Connected.
SQL> select count(*) from test;
select count(*) from test
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01578: ORACLE data block corrupted (file # 5, block # 19)
ORA-01110: data file 5: '/oracle/app/oradata/xtts11g/test01.dbf'
利用备份恢复坏块
[oracle@mongodb lib]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Mon Feb 22 14:21:59 2021
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: XTTS11G (DBID=1621650015)
RMAN> blockrecover datafile 5 block 19;
Starting recover at 22-FEB-21
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=406 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring block(s)
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying block(s) to restore from backup set
restoring blocks of datafile 00005
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /oracle/app/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/06vnqvog_1_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/06vnqvog_1_1 tag=ZQ
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored block(s) from backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: block restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
starting media recovery
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
Finished recover at 22-FEB-21
[oracle@mongodb lib]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Mon Feb 22 14:25:30 2021
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> conn test/test;
Connected.
SQL> select count(*) from test;
COUNT(*)
----------
14336
至此，修复完成，当然这是有备份情况下的坏块修复，接下来我还会更新没有备份的时候的坏块处理方式，有兴趣的小伙伴可以关注一下博主，过几日继续更新，觉得文章有用的点个赞把！