iOS 文件操作

iOS文件(沙盒目录,文件创建、移动、复制等)

目录获取
获取沙盒的主目录路径:

  • (NSString *)homeDir {
    return NSHomeDirectory();
    }
    获取沙盒中Documents的目录路径:

  • (NSString *)documentsDir {
    return [NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES) firstObject];
    }
    获取沙盒中Library的目录路径:

  • (NSString *)libraryDir {
    return [NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSLibraryDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES) lastObject];
    }
    获取沙盒中Libarary/Preferences的目录路径:

  • (NSString *)preferencesDir {
    NSString *libraryDir = [NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSLibraryDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES) lastObject];
    return [libraryDir stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"Preferences"];
    }
    获取沙盒中Library/Caches的目录路径:

  • (NSString *)cachesDir {
    return [NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSCachesDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES) firstObject];
    }
    获取沙盒中tmp的目录路径:

  • (NSString *)tmpDir {
    return NSTemporaryDirectory();
    }
    2、创建文件(夹)
    创建文件夹:

  • (BOOL)createDirectoryAtPath:(NSString *)path error:(NSError *__autoreleasing *)error {
    NSFileManager manager = [NSFileManager defaultManager];
    /
    createDirectoryAtPath:withIntermediateDirectories:attributes:error:

    • 参数1:创建的文件夹的路径
    • 参数2:是否创建媒介的布尔值,一般为YES
    • 参数3: 属性,没有就置为nil
    • 参数4: 错误信息
      */
      BOOL isSuccess = [manager createDirectoryAtPath:path withIntermediateDirectories:YES attributes:nil error:error];
      return isSuccess;
      }
      创建文件:

/*创建文件
*参数1:文件创建的路径
*参数2:写入文件的内容
*参数3:假如已经存在此文件是否覆盖
*参数4:错误信息
*/

  • (BOOL)createFileAtPath:(NSString *)path overwrite:(BOOL)overwrite error:(NSError *__autoreleasing *)error {
    // 如果文件夹路径不存在,那么先创建文件夹
    NSString directoryPath = [self directoryAtPath:path];
    if (![self isExistsAtPath:directoryPath]) {
    // 创建文件夹
    if (![self createDirectoryAtPath:directoryPath error:error]) {
    return NO;
    }
    }
    // 如果文件存在,并不想覆盖,那么直接返回YES。
    if (!overwrite) {
    if ([self isExistsAtPath:path]) {
    return YES;
    }
    }
    /
    创建文件
    *参数1:创建文件的路径
    *参数2:创建文件的内容(NSData类型)
    *参数3:文件相关属性
    */
    BOOL isSuccess = [[NSFileManager defaultManager] createFileAtPath:path contents:nil attributes:nil];

    return isSuccess;
    }
    获取文件创建的时间或者修改的时间:

//获取文件创建的时间

  • (NSDate *)creationDateOfItemAtPath:(NSString *)path error:(NSError *__autoreleasing *)error {
    return (NSDate *)[self attributeOfItemAtPath:path forKey:NSFileCreationDate error:error];
    }

//获取文件修改的时间

  • (NSDate *)modificationDateOfItemAtPath:(NSString *)path error:(NSError *__autoreleasing *)error {
    return (NSDate *)[self attributeOfItemAtPath:path forKey:NSFileModificationDate error:error];
    }

3、写入文件内容

按照文件路径向文件写入内容,内容可为数组、字典、NSData等等:

pragma mark 写入文件内容

/*参数1:文件路径
*参数2:文件内容
*参数3:错误信息
*/

  • (BOOL)writeFileAtPath:(NSString *)path content:(NSObject *)content error:(NSError *__autoreleasing *)error {
    //判断文件内容是否为空
    if (!content) {
    [NSException raise:@"非法的文件内容" format:@"文件内容不能为nil"];
    return NO;
    }
    //判断文件(夹)是否存在
    if ([self isExistsAtPath:path]) {
    if ([content isKindOfClass:[NSMutableArray class]]) {//文件内容为可变数组
    [(NSMutableArray *)content writeToFile:path atomically:YES];
    }else if ([content isKindOfClass:[NSArray class]]) {//文件内容为不可变数组
    [(NSArray *)content writeToFile:path atomically:YES];
    }else if ([content isKindOfClass:[NSMutableData class]]) {//文件内容为可变NSMutableData
    [(NSMutableData *)content writeToFile:path atomically:YES];
    }else if ([content isKindOfClass:[NSData class]]) {//文件内容为NSData
    [(NSData *)content writeToFile:path atomically:YES];
    }else if ([content isKindOfClass:[NSMutableDictionary class]]) {//文件内容为可变字典
    [(NSMutableDictionary *)content writeToFile:path atomically:YES];
    }else if ([content isKindOfClass:[NSDictionary class]]) {//文件内容为不可变字典
    [(NSDictionary *)content writeToFile:path atomically:YES];
    }else if ([content isKindOfClass:[NSJSONSerialization class]]) {//文件内容为JSON类型
    [(NSDictionary *)content writeToFile:path atomically:YES];
    }else if ([content isKindOfClass:[NSMutableString class]]) {//文件内容为可变字符串
    [[((NSString *)content) dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding] writeToFile:path atomically:YES];
    }else if ([content isKindOfClass:[NSString class]]) {//文件内容为不可变字符串
    [[((NSString *)content) dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding] writeToFile:path atomically:YES];
    }else if ([content isKindOfClass:[UIImage class]]) {//文件内容为图片
    [UIImagePNGRepresentation((UIImage *)content) writeToFile:path atomically:YES];
    }else if ([content conformsToProtocol:@protocol(NSCoding)]) {//文件归档
    [NSKeyedArchiver archiveRootObject:content toFile:path];
    }else {
    [NSException raise:@"非法的文件内容" format:@"文件类型%@异常,无法被处理。", NSStringFromClass([content class])];

          return NO;
      }
    

    }else {
    return NO;
    }
    return YES;
    }

pragma mark - 判断文件(夹)是否存在

  • (BOOL)isExistsAtPath:(NSString *)path {
    return [[NSFileManager defaultManager] fileExistsAtPath:path];
    }
    4、删除文件(夹)

删除文件(夹)

  • (BOOL)removeItemAtPath:(NSString *)path error:(NSError *__autoreleasing *)error {
    return [[NSFileManager defaultManager] removeItemAtPath:path error:error];
    }
    清空Caches或者temp文件夹:

pragma mark 清空Cashes文件夹

  • (BOOL)clearCachesDirectory {
    NSArray *subFiles = [self listFilesInCachesDirectoryByDeep:NO];
    BOOL isSuccess = YES;

    for (NSString *file in subFiles) {
    NSString *absolutePath = [[self cachesDir] stringByAppendingPathComponent:file];
    isSuccess &= [self removeItemAtPath:absolutePath];
    }
    return isSuccess;
    }

pragma mark 清空temp文件夹

  • (BOOL)clearTmpDirectory {
    NSArray *subFiles = [self listFilesInTmpDirectoryByDeep:NO];
    BOOL isSuccess = YES;

    for (NSString *file in subFiles) {
    NSString *absolutePath = [[self tmpDir] stringByAppendingPathComponent:file];
    isSuccess &= [self removeItemAtPath:absolutePath];
    }
    return isSuccess;
    }
    5、复制文件(夹)

依据源文件的路径复制一份到目标路径:

pragma mark - 复制文件

/*参数1、被复制文件路径
*参数2、要复制到的目标文件路径
*参数3、当要复制到的文件路径文件存在,会复制失败,这里传入是否覆盖
*参数4、错误信息
*/

  • (BOOL)copyItemAtPath:(NSString *)path toPath:(NSString *)toPath overwrite:(BOOL)overwrite error:(NSError *__autoreleasing *)error {
    // 先要保证源文件路径存在,不然抛出异常
    if (![self isExistsAtPath:path]) {
    [NSException raise:@"非法的源文件路径" format:@"源文件路径%@不存在,请检查源文件路径", path];
    return NO;
    }
    //获得目标文件的上级目录
    NSString *toDirPath = [self directoryAtPath:toPath];
    if (![self isExistsAtPath:toDirPath]) {
    // 创建复制路径
    if (![self createDirectoryAtPath:toDirPath error:error]) {
    return NO;
    }
    }
    // 如果覆盖,那么先删掉原文件
    if (overwrite) {
    if ([self isExistsAtPath:toPath]) {
    [self removeItemAtPath:toPath error:error];
    }
    }
    // 复制文件,如果不覆盖且文件已存在则会复制失败
    BOOL isSuccess = [[NSFileManager defaultManager] copyItemAtPath:path toPath:toPath error:error];

    return isSuccess;
    }

pragma mark - 判断文件(夹)是否存在

  • (BOOL)isExistsAtPath:(NSString *)path {
    return [[NSFileManager defaultManager] fileExistsAtPath:path];
    }
    6、 移动文件(夹)

依据源文件的路径移动到目标路径:

pragma mark - 移动文件(夹)

/*参数1、被移动文件路径
*参数2、要移动到的目标文件路径
*参数3、当要移动到的文件路径文件存在,会移动失败,这里传入是否覆盖
*参数4、错误信息
*/

  • (BOOL)moveItemAtPath:(NSString *)path toPath:(NSString *)toPath overwrite:(BOOL)overwrite error:(NSError *__autoreleasing *)error {
    // 先要保证源文件路径存在,不然抛出异常
    if (![self isExistsAtPath:path]) {
    [NSException raise:@"非法的源文件路径" format:@"源文件路径%@不存在,请检查源文件路径", path];
    return NO;
    }
    //获得目标文件的上级目录
    NSString *toDirPath = [self directoryAtPath:toPath];
    if (![self isExistsAtPath:toDirPath]) {
    // 创建移动路径
    if (![self createDirectoryAtPath:toDirPath error:error]) {
    return NO;
    }
    }
    // 判断目标路径文件是否存在
    if ([self isExistsAtPath:toPath]) {
    //如果覆盖,删除目标路径文件
    if (overwrite) {
    //删掉目标路径文件
    [self removeItemAtPath:toPath error:error];
    }else {
    //删掉被移动文件
    [self removeItemAtPath:path error:error];
    return YES;
    }
    }

    // 移动文件,当要移动到的文件路径文件存在,会移动失败
    BOOL isSuccess = [[NSFileManager defaultManager] moveItemAtPath:path toPath:toPath error:error];

    return isSuccess;
    }
    7、根据URL获取文件名

根据文件路径获取文件名称,是否需要后缀:

pragma mark - 根据URL获取文件名

/*参数1:文件路径
*参数2、是否需要后缀
*/

  • (NSString *)fileNameAtPath:(NSString *)path suffix:(BOOL)suffix {
    NSString *fileName = [path lastPathComponent];
    if (!suffix) {
    fileName = [fileName stringByDeletingPathExtension];
    }
    return fileName;
    }

获取文件所在的文件夹路径:

  • (NSString *)directoryAtPath:(NSString *)path {
    return [path stringByDeletingLastPathComponent];
    }
    复制代码
    根据文件路径获取文件扩展类型:

  • (NSString *)suffixAtPath:(NSString *)path {
    return [path pathExtension];
    }
    8、判断文件(夹)是否存在

判断文件路径是否存在:

  • (BOOL)isExistsAtPath:(NSString *)path {
    return [[NSFileManager defaultManager] fileExistsAtPath:path];
    }
    判断路径是否为空(判空条件是文件大小为0,或者是文件夹下没有子文件):

  • (BOOL)isEmptyItemAtPath:(NSString *)path error:(NSError *__autoreleasing *)error {
    return ([self isFileAtPath:path error:error] &&
    [[self sizeOfItemAtPath:path error:error] intValue] == 0) ||
    ([self isDirectoryAtPath:path error:error] &&
    [[self listFilesInDirectoryAtPath:path deep:NO] count] == 0);
    }

判断目录是否是文件夹:

  • (BOOL)isDirectoryAtPath:(NSString *)path error:(NSError *__autoreleasing *)error {
    return ([self attributeOfItemAtPath:path forKey:NSFileType error:error] == NSFileTypeDirectory);
    }
    判断目录是否是文件:

  • (BOOL)isFileAtPath:(NSString *)path error:(NSError *__autoreleasing *)error {
    return ([self attributeOfItemAtPath:path forKey:NSFileType error:error] == NSFileTypeRegular);
    }
    判断目录是否可以执行:

  • (BOOL)isExecutableItemAtPath:(NSString *)path {
    return [[NSFileManager defaultManager] isExecutableFileAtPath:path];
    }
    判断目录是否可读:

  • (BOOL)isReadableItemAtPath:(NSString *)path {
    return [[NSFileManager defaultManager] isReadableFileAtPath:path];
    }
    判断目录是否可写:

  • (BOOL)isWritableItemAtPath:(NSString *)path {
    return [[NSFileManager defaultManager] isWritableFileAtPath:path];
    }
    9、获取文件(夹)大小

获取文件大小(NSNumber):

  • (NSNumber *)sizeOfItemAtPath:(NSString *)path error:(NSError *__autoreleasing *)error {
    return (NSNumber *)[self attributeOfItemAtPath:path forKey:NSFileSize error:error];
    }
    获取文件夹大小(NSNumber):

pragma mark 获取文件夹的大小

  • (NSNumber *)sizeOfDirectoryAtPath:(NSString *)path error:(NSError *__autoreleasing *)error {
    if ([self isDirectoryAtPath:path error:error]) {
    //深遍历文件夹
    NSArray *subPaths = [self listFilesInDirectoryAtPath:path deep:YES];
    NSEnumerator *contentsEnumurator = [subPaths objectEnumerator];

      NSString *file;
      unsigned long long int folderSize = 0;
      
      while (file = [contentsEnumurator nextObject]) {
          NSDictionary *fileAttributes = [[NSFileManager defaultManager] attributesOfItemAtPath:[path stringByAppendingPathComponent:file] error:nil];
          folderSize += [[fileAttributes objectForKey:NSFileSize] intValue];
      }
      return [NSNumber numberWithUnsignedLongLong:folderSize];
    

    }
    return nil;
    }
    获取文件大小(单位为字节):

  • (NSString *)sizeFormattedOfItemAtPath:(NSString *)path error:(NSError *__autoreleasing *)error {
    //先获取NSNumber类型的大小
    NSNumber *size = [self sizeOfItemAtPath:path error:error];
    if (size) {
    //将文件大小格式化为字节
    return [self sizeFormatted:size];
    }
    return nil;
    }

pragma mark 将文件大小格式化为字节

+(NSString *)sizeFormatted:(NSNumber )size {
/
NSByteCountFormatterCountStyle枚举
*NSByteCountFormatterCountStyleFile 字节为单位,采用十进制的1000bytes = 1KB
*NSByteCountFormatterCountStyleMemory 字节为单位,采用二进制的1024bytes = 1KB
*NSByteCountFormatterCountStyleDecimal KB为单位,采用十进制的1000bytes = 1KB
*NSByteCountFormatterCountStyleBinary KB为单位,采用二进制的1024bytes = 1KB
*/
return [NSByteCountFormatter stringFromByteCount:[size unsignedLongLongValue] countStyle:NSByteCountFormatterCountStyleFile];
}
获取文件夹大小(单位为字节):

  • (NSString *)sizeFormattedOfDirectoryAtPath:(NSString *)path error:(NSError *__autoreleasing *)error {
    //先获取NSNumber类型的大小
    NSNumber *size = [self sizeOfDirectoryAtPath:path error:error];
    if (size) {
    return [self sizeFormatted:size];
    }
    return nil;
    }

pragma mark 将文件大小格式化为字节

+(NSString *)sizeFormatted:(NSNumber )size {
/
NSByteCountFormatterCountStyle枚举
*NSByteCountFormatterCountStyleFile 字节为单位,采用十进制的1000bytes = 1KB
*NSByteCountFormatterCountStyleMemory 字节为单位,采用二进制的1024bytes = 1KB
*NSByteCountFormatterCountStyleDecimal KB为单位,采用十进制的1000bytes = 1KB
*NSByteCountFormatterCountStyleBinary KB为单位,采用二进制的1024bytes = 1KB
*/
return [NSByteCountFormatter stringFromByteCount:[size unsignedLongLongValue] countStyle:NSByteCountFormatterCountStyleFile];
}
10、遍历文件夹

遍历文件夹,分为深遍历和浅遍历:

pragma mark - 遍历文件夹

/**
文件遍历
参数1:目录的绝对路径
参数2:是否深遍历 (1. 浅遍历:返回当前目录下的所有文件和文件夹;

  1. 深遍历:返回当前目录下及子目录下的所有文件和文件夹)
    */
  • (NSArray *)listFilesInDirectoryAtPath:(NSString *)path deep:(BOOL)deep {
    NSArray *listArr;
    NSError *error;
    NSFileManager *manager = [NSFileManager defaultManager];
    if (deep) {
    // 深遍历
    NSArray *deepArr = [manager subpathsOfDirectoryAtPath:path error:&error];
    if (!error) {
    listArr = deepArr;
    }else {
    listArr = nil;
    }
    }else {
    // 浅遍历
    NSArray *shallowArr = [manager contentsOfDirectoryAtPath:path error:&error];
    if (!error) {
    listArr = shallowArr;
    }else {
    listArr = nil;
    }
    }
    return listArr;
    }
    11、获取文件属性

根据key获取文件某个属性:

//key的列表如:
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSString * const NSFileType;
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSString * const NSFileTypeDirectory;
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSString * const NSFileTypeRegular;
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSString * const NSFileTypeSymbolicLink;
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSString * const NSFileTypeSocket;
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSString * const NSFileTypeCharacterSpecial;
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSString * const NSFileTypeBlockSpecial;
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSString * const NSFileTypeUnknown;
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSString * const NSFileSize;
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSString * const NSFileModificationDate;
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSString * const NSFileReferenceCount;
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSString * const NSFileDeviceIdentifier;
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSString * const NSFileOwnerAccountName;
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSString * const NSFileGroupOwnerAccountName;
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSString * const NSFilePosixPermissions;
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSString * const NSFileSystemNumber;
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSString * const NSFileSystemFileNumber;
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSString * const NSFileExtensionHidden;
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSString * const NSFileHFSCreatorCode;
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSString * const NSFileHFSTypeCode;
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSString * const NSFileImmutable;
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSString * const NSFileAppendOnly;
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSString * const NSFileCreationDate;
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSString * const NSFileOwnerAccountID;
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSString * const NSFileGroupOwnerAccountID;
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSString * const NSFileBusy;
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSString * const NSFileProtectionKey NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(4_0);
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSString * const NSFileProtectionNone NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(4_0);
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSString * const NSFileProtectionComplete NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(4_0);
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSString * const NSFileProtectionCompleteUnlessOpen NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(5_0);
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSString * const NSFileProtectionCompleteUntilFirstUserAuthentication NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(5_0);
复制代码

  • (id)attributeOfItemAtPath:(NSString *)path forKey:(NSString *)key error:(NSError *__autoreleasing *)error {
    return [[self attributesOfItemAtPath:path error:error] objectForKey:key];
    }
    获取文件属性集合:

  • (NSDictionary *)attributesOfItemAtPath:(NSString *)path error:(NSError *__autoreleasing *)error {
    return [[NSFileManager defaultManager] attributesOfItemAtPath:path error:error];
    }

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