Android6.0动态权限适配
Android6.0开始，权限分为普通权限和危险权限，危险权限：会授予应用访问用户的机密数据的权限。如果你的应用在其清单文件中列出了危险权限，用户批准你的应用试验这些权限。
通过adb 命令
F:\sodaoProject\automate>adb shell
cepheus:/ $ pm list permissions -g -d
Dangerous Permissions:
// 涉及读写联系人，访问账户
group:android.permission-group.CONTACTS
permission:android.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS
permission:android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS
permission:android.permission.READ_CONTACTS
// 涉及电话操作
group:android.permission-group.PHONE
permission:android.permission.READ_CALL_LOG
permission:android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE
permission:android.permission.CALL_PHONE
permission:android.permission.WRITE_CALL_LOG
permission:android.permission.USE_SIP
permission:android.permission.PROCESS_OUTGOING_CALLS
permission:com.android.voicemail.permission.ADD_VOICEMAIL
// 涉及日历信息的操作（用户日程安排）
group:android.permission-group.CALENDAR
permission:android.permission.READ_CALENDAR
permission:android.permission.WRITE_CALENDAR
// 涉及相机操作
group:android.permission-group.CAMERA
permission:android.permission.CAMERA
// 涉及使用手机传感器操作
group:android.permission-group.SENSORS
permission:android.permission.BODY_SENSORS
// 涉及用户地理位置信息的操作
group:android.permission-group.LOCATION
permission:android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION
permission:android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION
// 涉及存储卡的读写操作
group:android.permission-group.STORAGE
permission:android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
permission:android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
// 涉及多媒体信息的操作
group:android.permission-group.MICROPHONE
permission:android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO
// 涉及SMS卡的操作
group:android.permission-group.SMS
permission:android.permission.READ_SMS
permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_WAP_PUSH
permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_MMS
permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_SMS
permission:android.permission.SEND_SMS
permission:android.permission.READ_CELL_BROADCASTS
ungrouped:
permission:com.xiaomi.xmsf.permission.PAYMENT // 小米 下载而不显示通知
permission:miui.permission.ACCESS_BLE_SETTINGS // 小米 涉及到用户设置的操作一：权限申请涉及到几个方法
1.检查权限
ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(Context context, String permission)
例子：检测联系人权限
(ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS)返回值（package android.content.pm的PackageManager中的常量）
1. 有权限: PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED 值：0已授权
2. 无权限: PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED 值：-1未授权2.解释权限
ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(Activity activity, String permission)
例子：
ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(this,Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS)~~~~(1)判断是否有必要向用户解释为什么要这项权限，如果第一次请求此权限，但用户拒绝了，则之后调用该方法将返回true,此时有必要向用户详细说明需要此权限的原因
(2)如果应用第一次拒绝了请求此权限、第二次再请求此权限时，用户勾选了权限请求对话框“不在询问”，则此方法返回false.如果设备规范禁止应用拥有该权限，此方法返回也是false
3.请求权限
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(Activity activity, String[] permissions, int requestCode)
例子：
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this,new String[]{Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS},MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_READ_CONTACTS);(1):权限参数传入的是数组，可以调用该方法一次请求多个权限；
(2):传入的权限数组参数以单个具体权限为单位，但弹框询问用户授权时，属于同一权限组的权限将自动合并询问授权一次；
(3):请求的权限必须事先在 AndroidManifest.xml 中有声明，否则调用此方法请求时，将不弹框，而是直接返回“拒绝”的结果；
(4):第一次请求权限时，用户点击了“拒绝”，第二次再请求该权限时，对话框将出现“不再询问”复选框，如果用户勾选了“不再询问”并点击了“拒绝”，则之后再请求此权限组时将不弹框，而是直接返回“拒绝”的结果。
4.处理请求结果
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults){
//重写请求结果
}
例子：
@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
//重写onRequestPermissionsResult方法根据用户的不同选择做出响应
switch (requestCode){
case MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_READ_CONTACTS:
if (grantResults.length>0&&grantResults[0]==PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
Log.d(TAG,"onRequestPermissionsResult granted");
}else {
Log.d(TAG,"onRequestPermissionsResult denied");
showWaringDialog();//提示设置开启权限弹窗
}
break;
}实现代码：
private void requestPermission() {
Log.d(TAG,"requestPermission");
//读取联系人的权限编写一个权限申请工具类
public class PermissionUtils {
private static final String TAG=PermissionUtils.class.getSimpleName();
//九大危险权限dangerous
//照相机
public static final String PERMISSION_CAMERA= Manifest.permission.CAMERA;
//读写文件
public static final String PERMISSION_READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE=Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE;
public static final String PERMISSION_WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE=Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE;
//地理位置
public static final String PERMISSION_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION=Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION;
public static final String PERMISSION_ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION=Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION;
//电话
public static final String PERMISSION_CALL_PHONE=Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE;
public static final String PERMISSION_READ_PHONE_STATE=Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE;
//访问账户，读写联系人
public static final String PERMISSION_GET_ACCOUNTS=Manifest.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS;
//多媒体
public static final String PERMISSION_RECORD_AUDIO=Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO;
//权限集合
private static final String[] requestPermissions={
PERMISSION_RECORD_AUDIO,
PERMISSION_GET_ACCOUNTS,
PERMISSION_READ_PHONE_STATE,
PERMISSION_CALL_PHONE,
PERMISSION_CAMERA,
PERMISSION_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION,
PERMISSION_ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION,
PERMISSION_READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE,
PERMISSION_WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
};
public static final int CODE_RECORD_AUDIO = 0;
public static final int CODE_GET_ACCOUNTS = 1;
public static final int CODE_READ_PHONE_STATE = 2;
public static final int CODE_CALL_PHONE = 3;
public static final int CODE_CAMERA = 4;
public static final int CODE_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION = 5;
public static final int CODE_ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION = 6;
public static final int CODE_READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE = 7;
public static final int CODE_WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE = 8;
public static final int CODE_MULTI_PERMISSION = 100;
interface PermissionGrant {
void onPermissionGranted(int requestCode);
}
//请求权限
public static void requestPermission(final Activity activity,final int requestCode,PermissionGrant permissionGrant){
if (activity==null){
return;
}
Log.d(TAG,"requestPermission requestCode:" + requestCode);
if (requestCode<0||requestCode>=requestPermissions.length){
Log.w(TAG, "requestPermission illegal requestCode:" + requestCode);
return; }
final String requestPermission=requestPermissions[requestCode];
int checkSelfPermission;
try {
checkSelfPermission= ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(activity,requestPermission);
}catch (RuntimeException e){
Toast.makeText(activity, "please open this permission", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT)
.show();
Log.e(TAG, "RuntimeException:" + e.getMessage());
return; }
if (checkSelfPermission!= PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
Log.i(TAG, "ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED");
if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(activity,requestPermission)){
Log.i(TAG, "requestPermission shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale");
shouldShowRationale(activity, requestCode, requestPermission);
}else {
Log.d(TAG, "requestCameraPermission else");
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(activity,new String[]{requestPermission},requestCode);
}
}else {
Log.d(TAG, "ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission ==== PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED");
Toast.makeText(activity, "opened:" + requestPermissions[requestCode], Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
permissionGrant.onPermissionGranted(requestCode);
}
}
private static void shouldShowRationale(Activity activity, int requestCode, String requestPermission) {
String[] permissionsHint=activity.getResources().getStringArray(R.array.permissions);
showMessageOkCancel(activity, "Rationale:" + permissionsHint[requestCode], new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(activity,
new String[]{requestPermission},
requestCode);
Log.d(TAG, "showMessageOKCancel requestPermissions:" + requestPermission);
}
});
}
private static void showMessageOkCancel(final Activity context, String message, DialogInterface.OnClickListener okListener) {
new AlertDialog.Builder(context)
.setMessage(message)
.setPositiveButton("OK", okListener)
.setNegativeButton("Cancel", null)
.create()
.show();
}
public static void requestPermissionsResult(final Activity activity, final int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions,
@NonNull int[] grantResults, PermissionGrant permissionGrant){
if (activity==null){
return;
}
Log.d(TAG, "requestPermissionsResult requestCode:" + requestCode);
if (requestCode<0||requestCode>=requestPermissions.length){
Log.w(TAG, "requestPermissionsResult illegal requestCode:" + requestCode);
Toast.makeText(activity, "illegal requestCode:" + requestCode, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
return; }
Log.i(TAG, "onRequestPermissionsResult requestCode:" + requestCode + ",permissions:" + permissions.toString()
+ ",grantResults:" + grantResults.toString() + ",length:" + grantResults.length);
if (grantResults.length==1&&grantResults[0]==PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
permissionGrant.onPermissionGranted(requestCode);
}else {
String[] permissionsHint =activity.getResources().getStringArray(R.array.permissions);
openSettingActivity(activity, "Result" + permissionsHint[requestCode]);
}
}
//开启设置界面
private static void openSettingActivity(Activity activity, String message) {
showMessageOkCancel(activity, message, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
Intent intent = new Intent();
intent.setAction(Settings.ACTION_APPLICATION_DETAILS_SETTINGS);
Log.d(TAG, "getPackageName(): " + activity.getPackageName());
Uri uri = Uri.fromParts("package", activity.getPackageName(), null);
intent.setData(uri);
activity.startActivity(intent);
}
});
}
}在ThirdActivity的Activity中
public class ThirdActivity extends AppCompatActivity{
private static final String TAG = ThirdActivity.class.getSimpleName();
@Override
protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_third);
}
public void showCamera(View view) {
Log.i(TAG, "Show camera button pressed. Checking permission.");
PermissionUtils.requestPermission(this, PermissionUtils.CODE_CAMERA, mPermissionGrant);
}
public void getAccounts(View view) {
PermissionUtils.requestPermission(this, PermissionUtils.CODE_GET_ACCOUNTS, mPermissionGrant);
}
public void callPhone(View view) {
PermissionUtils.requestPermission(this, PermissionUtils.CODE_CALL_PHONE, mPermissionGrant);
}
public void readPhoneState(View view) {
PermissionUtils.requestPermission(this, PermissionUtils.CODE_READ_PHONE_STATE, mPermissionGrant);
}
public void accessFineLocation(View view) {
PermissionUtils.requestPermission(this, PermissionUtils.CODE_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION, mPermissionGrant);
}
public void accessCoarseLocation(View view) {
PermissionUtils.requestPermission(this, PermissionUtils.CODE_ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION, mPermissionGrant);
}
public void readExternalStorage(View view) {
PermissionUtils.requestPermission(this, PermissionUtils.CODE_READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE, mPermissionGrant);
}
public void writeExternalStorage(View view) {
PermissionUtils.requestPermission(this, PermissionUtils.CODE_WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE, mPermissionGrant);
}
public void recordAudio(View view) {
PermissionUtils.requestPermission(this, PermissionUtils.CODE_RECORD_AUDIO, mPermissionGrant);
}
private PermissionUtils.PermissionGrant mPermissionGrant=new PermissionUtils.PermissionGrant() {
@Override
public void onPermissionGranted(int requestCode) {
switch (requestCode) {
case PermissionUtils.CODE_RECORD_AUDIO:
Toast.makeText(ThirdActivity.this, "Result Permission Grant CODE_RECORD_AUDIO", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
break; case PermissionUtils.CODE_GET_ACCOUNTS:
Toast.makeText(ThirdActivity.this, "Result Permission Grant CODE_GET_ACCOUNTS", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
break; case PermissionUtils.CODE_READ_PHONE_STATE:
Toast.makeText(ThirdActivity.this, "Result Permission Grant CODE_READ_PHONE_STATE", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
break; case PermissionUtils.CODE_CALL_PHONE:
Toast.makeText(ThirdActivity.this, "Result Permission Grant CODE_CALL_PHONE", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
break; case PermissionUtils.CODE_CAMERA:
Toast.makeText(ThirdActivity.this, "Result Permission Grant CODE_CAMERA", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
break; case PermissionUtils.CODE_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION:
Toast.makeText(ThirdActivity.this, "Result Permission Grant CODE_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
break; case PermissionUtils.CODE_ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION:
Toast.makeText(ThirdActivity.this, "Result Permission Grant CODE_ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
break; case PermissionUtils.CODE_READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE:
Toast.makeText(ThirdActivity.this, "Result Permission Grant CODE_READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
break; case PermissionUtils.CODE_WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE:
Toast.makeText(ThirdActivity.this, "Result Permission Grant CODE_WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
break; default:
break;
}
}
};
@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
PermissionUtils.requestPermissionsResult(this, requestCode, permissions, grantResults, mPermissionGrant);
}
}布局文件activity_third中
清单文件的申请权限
资源文件在res下values下创建一个array.xml文件
- @string/permission_recode_audio_hint
- @string/permission_get_accounts_hint
- @string/permission_read_phone_hint
- @string/permission_call_phone_hint
- @string/permission_camera_hint
- @string/permission_access_fine_location_hint
- @string/permission_access_coarse_location_hint
- @string/permission_read_external_hint
- @string/permission_white_external_hint
在res下values下的strings.xml文件创建
非常建议您开启无障碍服务，开启后可以协助您完成一些简单的操作，提升您的操作体验。
没有此权限，无法开启这个功能，请开启权限。PERMISSION_GET_ACCOUNTS
没有此权限，无法开启这个功能，请开启权限。PERMISSION_READ_PHONE_STATE
没有此权限，无法开启这个功能，请开启权限。PERMISSION_CALL_PHONE
没有此权限，无法开启这个功能，请开启权限。PERMISSION_CAMERA
没有此权限，无法开启这个功能，请开启权限。PERMISSION_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION
没有此权限，无法开启这个功能，请开启权限。PERMISSION_ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION
没有此权限，无法开启这个功能，请开启权限。PERMISSION_READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
没有此权限，无法开启这个功能，请开启权限。PERMISSION_WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
没有此权限，无法开启这个功能，请开启权限。PERMISSION_RECORD_AUDIO
小米系统在Android原生的动态权限申请的基础上，还有自己的用户授权模块
可以看到小米的授权模块中，对权限操作分为允许，询问，拒绝。
1.当我们第一次打开应用的时候，默认是询问状态，在该状态下，我们调用requestPermission()方法会弹出系统询问框.
2.在弹出系统授权框后，只要你操作了（拒绝或者允许）,你永远也不要想着在以后能看到授权框了，除非你过来设置这边更改为“询问”模式。
3.不然无论你再调用几次requestPermissions（），都是直接走回调OnRequestPermissionResult。
Android7.0调用相机拍照保存照片，就是对手机存储中私有文件路径的保护
1.在Android7.0之前中调用相机实现拍照保存照片
/**
* 调用系统相机实现拍照*/
public void request(View view){
if (!Environment.getExternalStorageState().equals(Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED)){
Toast.makeText(ThirdActivity.this,"SD卡异常",Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
return; }
long dateTaken=System.currentTimeMillis();
//图像名称
CharSequence fileName= DateFormat.format("yyyy-MM-dd kk.mm.ss",dateTaken);
//图像路径
String path=Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().toString()+ File.separator+"forpermission"+File.separator+fileName+".jpg";
File imageFile=new File(path);
if (!imageFile.getParentFile().exists()){
imageFile.getParentFile().mkdirs();
}
if (!imageFile.exists()){
try {
imageFile.createNewFile();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//根据文件解析出文件对应的Uri
Uri uri=Uri.fromFile(imageFile); Intent intent=new Intent(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE); intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT,uri); //根据文件解析出文件对应的uri
//判断是否有Activity能处理intent
if (intent.resolveActivity(getPackageManager())!=null){
startActivityForResult(intent,REQUEST_TAKE_PHOTO);
}
}2.返回结果
@Override
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, @Nullable Intent data) {
super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
if (resultCode==RESULT_OK){
if (requestCode==REQUEST_TAKE_PHOTO){
Toast.makeText(this, "拍照成功", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
Log.d(TAG,"拍照成功了呀");
}
}
}Android7.0之后如果调用系统相机拍照会报这个问题
Caused by: android.os.FileUriExposedException: file:///storage/emulated/0/forpermission/2021-03-15%2014.30.48.jpg exposed beyond app through ClipData.Item.getUri()需要提供FileProvider
/**
* 调用系统相机实现拍照*/
public void request(View view){
if (!Environment.getExternalStorageState().equals(Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED)){
Toast.makeText(ThirdActivity.this,"SD卡异常",Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
return; }
long dateTaken=System.currentTimeMillis();
//图像名称
CharSequence fileName= DateFormat.format("yyyy-MM-dd kk.mm.ss",dateTaken);
//图像路径
String path=Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().toString()+ File.separator+"forpermission"+File.separator+fileName+".jpg";
File imageFile=new File(path);
if (!imageFile.getParentFile().exists()){
imageFile.getParentFile().mkdirs();
}
if (!imageFile.exists()){
try {
imageFile.createNewFile();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//根据文件解析出文件对应的uri
Uri uri= FileProvider.getUriForFile(ThirdActivity.this,"com.ruan.testw.my_provider",imageFile);
Intent intent=new Intent(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE);
intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT,uri);
//判断是否有Activity能处理intent
if (intent.resolveActivity(getPackageManager())!=null){
startActivityForResult(intent,REQUEST_TAKE_PHOTO);
}
}对应的FileProvider在AndroidX和android中不同
在Androidmanifest中配置FileProvider
//是否允许授权文件的临时访问权限。传 true 表示需要
//在android包下
在Android的res下创建xml文件夹下新建file_paths.xml文件
- root-path：表示根目录，“/”。new File("/");
- files-path：表示 content.getFileDir() 获取到的目录
- cache-path：表示 content.getCacheDir() 获取到的目录
- external-path：表示Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() 指向的目录
- external-files-path：表示 ContextCompat.getExternalFilesDirs() 获取到的目录
- external-cache-path：表示 ContextCompat.getExternalCacheDirs() 获取到的目录
注意：
如果App有选择和剪裁图片的需求，最好配置下root-path，这样子可以读取到sd卡和一些应用分身的目录，否则微信等应用分身保存的图片，在App里面读取时就发生下面异常：
java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Failed to find configured root that contains /storage/emulated/0/forpermission/2021-03-15 16.32.35.jpg实例：
1.使用FileProvider.getUriForFile(ThirdActivity.this,"com.ruan.testw.my_provider",imageFile);
目的：是将file://转成content://
2.getUriForFile() 方法，需要一个 authority 的参数，这里需要与前面在 AndroidManifest.xml 中 配置的 android:authorities保持一致，因为是通过 android:authorities 属性配置的值，来唯一确定由谁来响应这个 provider 的 。在 AndroidManifest.xml 中配置 provider 的时候，需要保证 android:authorities 的值，在整个系统中的唯一性，否者安装的时候会抛出异常
*END:
学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆*
**