1. 开发环境
Python 3.6.5
Django 2.22. 项目功能
- 用户登录
- 邮箱注册
- 图形验证码
- 找回密码
- 修改密码
- 用户退出
3. 项目创建
首先创建项目：
django-admin startproject djangoLoginRegister创建app:
python manage.py startapp users (根目录新建apps文件夹，将以上 users 拖到 apps 下面)
文件路径设置：
在/settings.py中:
import os
import sys
# Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
sys.path.insert(0, BASE_DIR)
sys.path.insert(0, os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'apps')) 4. 用户Models 设计
可以选择在系统用户表 users 的基础上扩展新的用户表，系统自动生成的users如下：
id: 主键
password: 密码
last_login: 最后登录时间
is_superuser: 是否是超级用户（管理员）
username: 用户名
first_name:
last_name:
email: 用户邮箱
is_staff: 后台管理员工
is_active: 是否激活（例如邮箱激活）
date_joined: 注册时间在上面的基础上，扩展users
users/models.py 添加UserProfile（用户模型）和 EmailVerifyRecord（图形验证码模型）:
from datetime import datetime
from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser
class UserProfile(AbstractUser):
"""
用户信息
通过 AbstractUser 继承 django 原有自带的 User 类
"""
gender_choices = (
('male', '男'),
('female', '女'),
)
nick_name = models.CharField('昵称', max_length=50, default='')
birthday = models.DateField('生日',null=True,blank=True)
gender = models.CharField('性别',max_length=10,choices=gender_choices,default='female')
adress = models.CharField('地址',max_length=100,default='')
mobile = models.CharField('手机号',max_length=11,null=True,blank=True)
class Meta:
verbose_name = '用户信息'
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
def __str__(self):
return self.username
class EmailVerifyRecord(models.Model):
"""
图形验证码
"""
send_choices = (
('register','注册'),
('forget','找回密码')
)
code = models.CharField('验证码',max_length=20)
email = models.EmailField('邮箱',max_length=50)
send_type = models.CharField(choices=send_choices,max_length=10)
send_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now)
class Meta:
verbose_name = '邮箱验证码'
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
注册app
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'users',
]重载 AUTH_USER_MODEL
AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'users.UserProfile'迁移数据库
python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate执行 python manage.py runserver 查看是否能执行成功
5. 前端文件创建
创建templates文件夹，用了存放html文件；
创建static文件夹，用来存放js、css、image等静态文件
并在 settings.py 中设置 template 和 static 路径：
TEMPLATES = [
{
'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')],
'APP_DIRS': True,
'OPTIONS': {
'context_processors': [
'django.template.context_processors.debug',
'django.template.context_processors.request',
'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
],
},
},
]STATIC_URL = '/static/'
STATICFILES_DIRS = (
os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "static"),
)6. 首页和登录页
6.1 页面
首页：
{% load static %}
首页
首页
登录页：
{% load static %}
登录
6.2 路由设计
from django.conf.urls import url, include
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from django.views.generic import TemplateView
from users.views import LoginView, LogoutView
urlpatterns = [
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
url('^$', TemplateView.as_view(template_name='index.html'), name='index'),
url('^login/$', LoginView.as_view(), name='login'),
url('^logout/$', LogoutView.as_view(), name='logout'),
]6.3 自定义表单验证规则
users目录下新建forms.py ：
from django import forms
# 图形验证码
from captcha.fields import CaptchaField
class LoginForm(forms.Form):
"""
登录验证表单
"""
# 用户名密码不能为空
username = forms.CharField(required=True)
password = forms.CharField(required=True, min_length=3)6.4 views 设计
class LogoutView(auth_views.LogoutView):
"""
退出
"""
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
auth_logout(request)
return HttpResponseRedirect('/login/')
class LoginView(View):
"""
登录
"""
def get(self,request):
return render(request, 'login.html')
def post(self,request):
# 实例化
login_form = LoginForm(request.POST)
if login_form.is_valid():
# 获取用户提交的用户名和密码
# request.POST.get('username', '') 获取 username 如果不存在则指定默认值 ''
user_name = request.POST.get('username', '')
pass_word = request.POST.get('password', '')
print('user_name：', user_name)
print('pass_word：', pass_word)
# 成功返回user对象,失败None
user = authenticate(username=user_name, password=pass_word)
print(user)
# 如果不是null说明验证成功
if user is not None:
if user.is_active:
print('邮箱已激活，并且登录成功')
# 登录
login(request, user)
return render(request, 'index.html', {'name': user_name})
else:
print('邮箱未激活，登录失败')
return render(request, 'login.html', {'msg': '邮箱未激活，登录失败', 'login_form':login_form})
else:
print('登录失败')
return render(request, 'login.html', {'msg': '用户名或密码错误', 'login_form':login_form})
else:
return render(request, 'login.html', {'login_form':login_form})7. 注册
用户注册流程为：填入邮箱、密码、验证码，点击注册，发送激活邮件，用户激活后，即注册成功。
7.1 register.html：
{% load static %}
7.2 图形验证码
使用 django 第三方库：
pip install django-simple-captchasettings.py 中设置：
INSTALLED_APPS = [
...
'captcha',
]添加url：
urlpatterns = [
path('captcha/',include('captcha.urls')),
]迁移数据库：
python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate注册页中显示验证码:
forms.py：
# 图形验证码
from captcha.fields import CaptchaField
class RegisterForm(forms.Form):
"""
注册验证表单
"""
email = forms.EmailField(required=True)
password = forms.CharField(required=True, min_length=3)
captcha = CaptchaField()
{
{ register_form.captcha }}
7.3 注册 views
class RegisterView(View):
"""
注册
"""
def get(self,request):
register_form = RegisterForm()
return render(request, 'register.html', {'register_form': register_form})
def post(self, request):
register_form = RegisterForm(request.POST)
if register_form.is_valid():
user_name = request.POST.get('email', '')
# 用户已存在
if UserProfile.objects.filter(email = user_name):
return render(request, 'register.html', {'register_form': register_form, 'msg': '用户名已存在'})
pass_word = request.POST.get('password', '')
print('user_name：', user_name)
print('pass_word：', pass_word)
# 实例化一个 useProfile 对象
user_profile = UserProfile()
user_profile.username = user_name
user_profile.email = user_name
# 默认添加的用户是激活状态（is_active=1表示True），这里修改默认的状态为 False，只有用户邮箱激活后才改为True
user_profile.is_active = False
# 密码加密
user_profile.password = make_password(pass_word)
user_profile.save()
send_register_email(user_name, 'register')
return render(request, 'login.html')
else:
return render(request, 'register.html', {'register_form': register_form})
7.4 邮箱激活
settings.py中配置：
EMAIL_HOST = "smtp.qq.com"
EMAIL_PORT = 25
EMAIL_HOST_USER = "****@qq.com" # 邮箱
EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD = "************" # 邮箱授权码
EMAIL_USE_TLS= True
EMAIL_FROM = "****@qq.com" # 邮箱定义发送邮件方法
在apps下新建 utils/email_send.py:
from random import Random
from django.core.mail import send_mail
from users.models import EmailVerifyRecord
from MxOnline190409.settings import EMAIL_FROM
def random_str(random_length=8):
str = ''
# 生成字符串的可选字符串
chars = 'AaBbCcDdEeFfGgHhIiJjKkLlMmNnOoPpQqRrSsTtUuVvWwXxYyZz0123456789'
length = len(chars) - 1
random = Random()
for i in range(random_length):
str += chars[random.randint(0, length)]
return str
# 发送注册邮件
def send_register_email(email, send_type="register"):
# 发送之前先保存到数据库，到时候查询链接是否存在
# 实例化一个EmailVerifyRecord对象
email_record = EmailVerifyRecord()
# 生成随机的code放入链接
code = random_str(16)
email_record.code = code
email_record.email = email
email_record.send_type = send_type
email_record.save()
# 定义邮件内容:
email_title = ""
email_body = ""
if send_type == "register":
email_title = "django - 注册激活链接"
email_body = "请点击下面的链接激活你的账号: http://127.0.0.1:8888/active/{0}".format(code)
# 使用Django内置函数完成邮件发送。四个参数：主题，邮件内容，发件人邮箱地址，收件人（是一个字符串列表）
send_status = send_mail(email_title, email_body, EMAIL_FROM, [email])
# 如果发送成功
if send_status:
pass
if send_type == "forget":
email_title = "django - 找回密码"
email_body = "请点击下面的链接找回你的密码: http://127.0.0.1:8888/reset/{0}".format(code)
send_status = send_mail(email_title, email_body, EMAIL_FROM, [email])
# 如果发送成功
if send_status:
pass
激活邮件 views:
class ActiveUserView(View):
"""
激活邮件
"""
def get(self, request, active_code):
# 查询邮箱验证记录是否存在
all_record = EmailVerifyRecord.objects.filter(code=active_code)
if all_record:
for record in all_record:
# 获取到对应邮箱
email = record.email
# 查找到邮箱对应的 user
user = UserProfile.objects.get(email=email)
user.is_active = True
user.save()
# 验证码不对的时候跳转到激活失败页面
else:
return render(request, 'email_active_fail.html')
# 激活成功 跳转到登录页面
return render(request, 'login.html')7.5 添加注册和激活的url
from users.views import LoginView, LogoutView, RegisterView, ActiveUserView
urlpatterns = [
url('^register/$', RegisterView.as_view(), name='register'),
url('captcha/', include('captcha.urls')),
url(r'^active/(?P.*)/$', ActiveUserView.as_view(), name="user_active"),
] 8. 找回密码
8.1 html
找回密码页面html:
{% load static %}
忘记密码
重置密码页面html:
{% load static %}
重置密码
修改密码
已经通过验证，请设置新密码
8.3 urls
urlpatterns = [
# 忘记密码
url('^forget/$', ForgetPwdView.as_view(), name='forget_pwd'),
# 重置密码时发送的邮箱链接
url(r'^reset/(?P.*)/$', ResetView.as_view(), name="reset_pwd"),
# 重置密码
url('^modify_pwd/$', ModifyPwdView.as_view(), name='modify_pwd'),
]
8.4 forms.py
class ForgetPwdForm(forms.Form):
"""
忘记密码表单
"""
email = forms.EmailField(required=True)
captcha = CaptchaField(error_messages={'invalid': '验证码错误'})
class ModifyPwdForm(forms.Form):
"""
重置密码
"""
password1 = forms.CharField(required=True, min_length=3)
password2 = forms.CharField(required=True, min_length=3)
8.5 views.py
class ForgetPwdView(View):
"""
找回密码
"""
def get(self,request):
forget_form = ForgetPwdForm()
return render(request,'forgetpwd.html',{'forget_form':forget_form})
def post(self, request):
forget_form = ForgetPwdForm(request.POST)
if forget_form.is_valid():
email = request.POST.get('email', '')
send_register_email(email, 'forget')
return render(request, 'send_success.html')
else:
return render(request, 'forgetpwd.html', {'forget_form': forget_form})
class ResetView(View):
"""
打开邮箱链接
"""
def get(self, request, active_code):
# 查询邮箱验证记录是否存在
all_record = EmailVerifyRecord.objects.filter(code=active_code)
if all_record:
for record in all_record:
email = record.email
return render(request, 'password_reset.html', {'email': email})
# 验证码不对的时候跳转到激活失败页面
else:
return render(request, 'active_fail.html')
return render(request, 'login.html')
class ModifyPwdView(View):
"""
重置密码
"""
def post(self, request):
modify_form = ModifyPwdForm(request.POST)
if modify_form.is_valid():
pwd1 = request.POST.get('password1', '')
pwd2 = request.POST.get('password2', '')
email = request.POST.get('email', '')
if pwd1 != pwd2:
return render(request, 'password_reset.html', {'email': email, 'msg': '两次输入密码不一致'})
user = UserProfile.objects.get(email = email)
user.password = make_password(pwd2)
user.save()
return render(request, 'login.html')
else:
email = request.POST.get('email', '')
return render(request, 'password_reset.html', {'email': email, "modify_form": modify_form})
最终数据库中的表格:
+------------------------------------+
| auth_group |
| auth_group_permissions |
| auth_permission |
| captcha_captchastore |
| django_admin_log |
| django_content_type |
| django_migrations |
| django_session |
| users_emailverifyrecord |
| users_userprofile |
| users_userprofile_groups |
| users_userprofile_user_permissions |
+------------------------------------+