二进制安装mariadb

• 创建数据目录
  mkdir /app/data -p
• 创建用户
  useradd -r -d /app/data -s /sbin/nologin -u 36 mysql
• 修改数据目录的属主与属组
  chown mysql.mysql /app/data/
• 下载二进制文件，并解压
  tar xf mariadb-5.5.57-linux-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local
• 创建链接文件、
  ln -s /usr/local/mariadb-5.5.57-linux-x86_64/ mysql
• 改属组
  chgrp -R mysql mysql/
• 创建配置文件的目录
  mkdir /etc/mysql
• 查看/usr/local/mysql/supprort-files下的目录文件

[root@root support-files]# ls
binary-configure  my-huge.cnf 适合数据量巨大的场景           my-large.cnf适合数据量较大的场景      my-small.cnf 适合小数据量的场景         mysql-log-rotate  SELinux
magic             my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf  my-medium.cnf  mysqld_multi.server  mysql.server

• 复制适合较大场景的配置文件，并重命名为my.cnf
  cp support-files/my-huge.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf
• 编辑 /etc/mysql/my.cnf 文件

root@root support-files]# vim /etc/mysql/my.cnf 

# Example MariaDB config file for very large systems.
#
# This is for a large system with memory of 1G-2G where the system runs mainly
# MariaDB.
# Example MariaDB config file for very large systems.
#
# This is for a large system with memory of 1G-2G where the system runs mainly
# MariaDB.
#
# MariaDB programs look for option files in a set of
# locations which depend on the deployment platform.
# You can copy this option file to one of those
# locations. For information about these locations, do:
# 'my_print_defaults --help' and see what is printed under
# Default options are read from the following files in the given order:
# More information at: http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/option-files.html
#
# In this file, you can use all long options that a program supports.
# If you want to know which options a program supports, run the program
# with the "--help" option.

# The following options will be passed to all MySQL clients
[client]
#password       = your_password
port            = 3306
socket          = /tmp/mysql.sock

# Here follows entries for some specific programs

# The MySQL server
[mysqld]
datadir = /app/data # 指定安装目录;暂时只修改此处
innodb_file_per_table = on      #表示使用innodb存储引擎，并每一张表创建一个单独的数据库文件
skip_name_resolve = on  #表示禁用主机名解析
port            = 3306
socket          = /tmp/mysql.sock
skip-external-locking
key_buffer_size = 384M
max_allowed_packet = 1M
table_open_cache = 512
sort_buffer_size = 2M
read_buffer_size = 2M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 8M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 64M
thread_cache_size = 8
query_cache_size = 32M
# Try number of CPU's*2 for thread_concurrency
thread_concurrency = 8

# Point the following paths to a dedicated disk
#tmpdir         = /tmp/

# Don't listen on a TCP/IP port at all. This can be a security enhancement,
# if all processes that need to connect to mysqld run on the same host.
# All interaction with mysqld must be made via Unix sockets or named pipes.
# Note that using this option without enabling named pipes on Windows
# (via the "enable-named-pipe" option) will render mysqld useless!
# 
#skip-networking

# Replication Master Server (default)
# binary logging is required for replication
log-bin=mysql-bin

# required unique id between 1 and 2^32 - 1
# defaults to 1 if master-host is not set
# but will not function as a master if omitted
server-id       = 1

# Replication Slave (comment out master section to use this)
#
# To configure this host as a replication slave, you can choose between
# two methods :
#
# 1) Use the CHANGE MASTER TO command (fully described in our manual) -
#    the syntax is:
#
#    CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST=, MASTER_PORT=,
#    MASTER_USER=, MASTER_PASSWORD= ;
#
#    where you replace , ,  by quoted strings and
#     by the master's port number (3306 by default).
#
#    Example:
#
#    CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='125.564.12.1', MASTER_PORT=3306,
#    MASTER_USER='joe', MASTER_PASSWORD='secret';
#
# OR
#
# 2) Set the variables below. However, in case you choose this method, then
#    start replication for the first time (even unsuccessfully, for example
#    if you mistyped the password in master-password and the slave fails to
#    connect), the slave will create a master.info file, and any later
#    change in this file to the variables' values below will be ignored and
#    overridden by the content of the master.info file, unless you shutdown
#    the slave server, delete master.info and restart the slaver server.
#    For that reason, you may want to leave the lines below untouched
#    (commented) and instead use CHANGE MASTER TO (see above)
#
# required unique id between 2 and 2^32 - 1
# (and different from the master)
# defaults to 2 if master-host is set
# but will not function as a slave if omitted
#server-id       = 2
#
# The replication master for this slave - required
#master-host     =   
#
# The username the slave will use for authentication when connecting
# to the master - required
#master-user     =   
#
# The password the slave will authenticate with when connecting to
# the master - required
#master-password =   
#
# The port the master is listening on.
# optional - defaults to 3306
#master-port     =  
#
# binary logging - not required for slaves, but recommended
#log-bin=mysql-bin
#
# binary logging format - mixed recommended 
#binlog_format=mixed

# Uncomment the following if you are using InnoDB tables
#innodb_data_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data
#innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:2000M;ibdata2:10M:autoextend
#innodb_log_group_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data
# You can set .._buffer_pool_size up to 50 - 80 %
# of RAM but beware of setting memory usage too high
#innodb_buffer_pool_size = 384M
#innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 20M
# Set .._log_file_size to 25 % of buffer pool size
#innodb_log_file_size = 100M
#innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M
#innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
#innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50

[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M

[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
# Remove the next comment character if you are not familiar with SQL
#safe-updates

[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 256M
sort_buffer_size = 256M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M

[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout

• 复制启动文件到/etc/init.d/目录下并重命名为mysqld
  cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
• 添加服务脚本到chkconfig管理中去
  chkconfig --add mysqld
• 设置开机自动启动
  chkconfig mysqld on
• 查看是否设置成功
  chkconfig --list mysqld
• 创建日志文件
  touch /var/log/mysqld.log
• 设置日志文件的属主属组
  chown mysql.mysql /var/log/mysqld.log
• 运行数据库初始化脚本；指定数据目录与用户
  /usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --datadir=/app/data --user=mysql
• 添加PATH环境变量
  vim /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
  export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin/:$PATH
• 让系统重读
  ./etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
• 运行系统安全脚本

[root@root ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_secure_installation 
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_secure_installation: line 393: find_mysql_client: command not found

NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB
      SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE!  PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!

In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user.  If you've just installed MariaDB, and
you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank,
so you should just press enter here.

Enter current password for root (enter for none): 输入密码；没密码直接回车
OK, successfully used password, moving on...

Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB
root user without the proper authorisation.

Set root password? [Y/n] y是否设置密码 y与回车都是都设密码n不设密码
New password: 密码
Re-enter new password:  确认密码
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
 ... Success!


By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for
them.  This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother.  You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.

Remove anonymous users? [Y/n]  是否删除匿名用户y与回车是删除
 ... Success!

Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'.  This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.

Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] n 是否禁用远程用户登录
 ... skipping.

By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access.  This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.

Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] n  是否删除测试库
 ... skipping.

Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.

Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y  以上设置是否要生效
 ... Success!

Cleaning up...

All done!  If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB
installation should now be secure.

Thanks for using MariaDB!

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