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精读
今天的精读换了一种模式，还是比较喜欢看纸质的东西，一边读一边做笔记；
读完重点段落之后尽量用原文中的好词和短语进行复述，确实会印象深刻一些，在运用的过程中会有很多思考。Hope it works！
Making them welcome
OMUGO
Two articles consider how best to integrate refugees, and the benefits of allowing them to work. The first, on poor countries, focuses on Uganda
TWO years ago, a group of elders in this village in north-western Uganda agreed to lend their land to refugees from South Sudan. About 120,000 are now in the surrounding area. Here they live in tarpaulin shelters and mud-brick huts on a patch of scrub where cows once grazed. Kemis Butele, a gravel-voiced Ugandan elder, explains that hosting refugees is a way for a remote place, long neglected by the central government, to get noticed. He hopes for new schools, clinics and a decent road— and “that our children can get jobs”.
-Hosting refugee is a way for a remote place to get noticed by their government, improving the infrastructure.
There are more than 20m refugees in the world today, more than at any time since the end of the second world war. Nearly 90% reside in poor countries. In many, to preserve jobs for natives, governments bar refugees from working in the formal economy. Uganda has shown how a different approach can reap dividends. The government gives refugees land plots and lets them work. In some places, the refugees boost local businesses and act as a magnet for foreign aid. Mr. Butele and many other Ugandans see their new neighbours as a benefit, not a burden. Sadly, such attitudes are still the exception.
-As the huge amount of refugee, most of the place intends to bar refugees from working so as to preserve jobs for the local people. However, the different measure in Uganda reaps dividends. Employing refugees and offering them land plot boost local business as well as magnetize foreign aid.
Uganda hosts more than 1m South Sudanese refugees, in unfenced “settlements” across hundreds of square miles in the north. Most came after the collapse of a peace deal in July 2016. Hilda walked for two weeks, carrying her four-year-old son. “If those Dinkas get you on the road, they will kill you,” she says, referring to the president’s ethnic group. This is the third time she has found refuge in Uganda.
Refugees are “brothers and sisters”, say many Ugandans. Mr Butele was once one himself. But the welcome is also a pragmatic one. Northern Uganda is so poor that some locals pose as refugees to receive food aid. Others see refugees as buyers for local goods. Elsewhere in Uganda has indeed seen such positive spillovers. One study from 2016 found that the presence of Congolese refugees in western Uganda had increased consumption per household. Another estimates that each new refugee household boosts total local income, including that of refugees, by $320-430 more than the cost of the aid the house- hold is given. That rises to $560-670 when refugees are given cash instead of rations.
-The welcome for refugee is also very pragmatic. As for the poor region-Northern Uganda, local people pose as refugees to receive food aid and they sell local goods to refugees. As for elsewhere in Uganda, it also has such positive spillovers.
Uganda’s generous refugee policy also opens possibilities for skulduggery. In Feb- ruary the government suspended its se- nior refugee official and three colleagues, after the UN passed on reports of fraud. Al- legations include extortion, the trafficking of women and girls, and the systematic in- flation of refugee numbers, to skim off aid money for non-existent beneficiaries.
-However, Uganda’s generous refugee policy also opens possibilities for skullduggery. As UN passed on reports of fraud, Uganda suspended its refugee policy. UN made the allegation against refugee based on several conditions: extortion, the trafficking of women and girls, and the systematic inflation of refugee numbers to skim off aid money for non-existent benediciaries.
Such failures hold lessons for other countries, but so do Uganda’s successes, say some economists. Paul Collier and Alexander Betts, of Oxford University, argue that rich countries should pay other “havens” to open their labour markets, as Uganda has. The result, they say, is a triple win: for refugees; for host economies; and for rich countries to which the refugees otherwise might swarm chaotically.
-Such failures hold lessons for other countries, but so do Uganda’s successes. The scholars from Oxford University argued that the rich countries should offer “havens” just as Uganda (do) which will be a triple win.
But security and cultural concerns often trump potential economic benefits. In Jor- dan refugees make up 20% of the popula- tion. Only since 2016 has the government allowed them to work, in exchange for help from Britain, the World Bank and the European Union. The “Jordan Compact” has had mixed results. The government handed out work permits, but only for cer- tain sectors. Some refugees found con- struction work, but many shunned low- paying factory jobs.