ViewController自定义转场-基础

从iOS7开始,苹果更新了自定义ViewController转场的API,这些新增的类和接口让很多人困惑,望而却步。本文就从这些API入口,让读者理清这些API错综复杂的关系。

几个protocol

讲自定义转场就离不开这几个protocol:

  • UIViewControllerContextTransitioning
  • UIViewControllerAnimatedTransitioning
  • UIViewControllerInteractiveTransitioning
  • UIViewControllerTransitioningDelegate
  • UINavigationControllerDelegate
  • UITabBarControllerDelegate

乍一看很多,其实很简单,我们可以将其分为三类:

  1. 描述ViewController转场的:
    UIViewControllerTransitioningDelegate,UINavigationControllerDelegate,UITabBarControllerDelegate
  2. 定义动画内容的
    UIViewControllerAnimatedTransitioning,UIViewControllerInteractiveTransitioning
  3. 表示动画上下文的
    UIViewControllerContextTransitioning

描述ViewController转场的

细说之前先扯个蛋:

为什么苹果要引入这一套API?因为在iOS7之前,做转场动画很麻烦,要写一大堆代码在ViewController中。引入这一套API之后,在丰富功能的同时极大程度地降低了代码耦合,实现方式就是将之前在ViewController里面的代码通过protocol分离了出来。

顺着这个思路往下想,实现自定义转场动画首先需要找到ViewController的delegate。苹果告诉我们切换ViewController有三种形式:UITabBarController内部切换,UINavigationController切换,present modal ViewController。这三种方式是不是需要不同的protocol呢?

我们分别来看下:

  • UIViewControllerTransitioningDelegate 自定义模态转场动画时使用。
    设置UIViewController的属性transitioningDelegate。
    @property (nullable, nonatomic, weak) id transitioningDelegate
  • UINavigationControllerDelegate 自定义navigation转场动画时使用。
    设置UINavigationController的属性delegate
    @property(nullable, nonatomic, weak) id delegate
  • UITabBarControllerDelegate 自定义tab转场动画时使用。
    设置UITabBarController的属性delegate
    @property(nullable, nonatomic,weak) id delegate

实际上这三个protocol干的事情是一样的,就是我们“扯淡”的内容,只不过他们的应用场景不同罢了。我们下面以UINavigationControllerDelegate为例,其他的类似。

定义动画内容的

UINavigationControllerDelegate主要包含这两个方法:

- (nullable id )navigationController:(UINavigationController *)navigationController
                          interactionControllerForAnimationController:(id ) animationController NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(7_0);

- (nullable id )navigationController:(UINavigationController *)navigationController
                                   animationControllerForOperation:(UINavigationControllerOperation)operation
                                                fromViewController:(UIViewController *)fromVC
                                                  toViewController:(UIViewController *)toVC  NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(7_0);

两个方法分别返回UIViewControllerInteractiveTransitioningUIViewControllerAnimatedTransitioning,它们的任务是描述动画行为(转场动画如何执行,就看它俩的)。
从名字可以看出,这两个protocol的区别在于是否是interactive的。如何理解?****interactive动画可以根据输入信息的变化改变动画的进程。****例如iOS系统为UINavigationController提供的默认右滑退出手势就是一个interactive 动画,整个动画的进程由用户手指的移动距离控制。

我们来看下相对简单的UIViewControllerAnimatedTransitioning:

- (NSTimeInterval)transitionDuration:(nullable id )transitionContext;
- (void)animateTransition:(id )transitionContext;
@optional
- (void)animationEnded:(BOOL) transitionCompleted;

transitionDuration返回动画的执行时间,animateTransition处理具体的动画,animationEnded是optional,大部分情况下不需要处理。
这里出现了我们要讲的最后一个protocol:UIViewControllerContextTransitioning

表示动画上下文的

UIViewControllerContextTransitioning也是唯一一个不需要我们实现的protocol。

Do not adopt this protocol in your own classes, nor should you directly create objects that adopt this protocol.

UIViewControllerContextTransitioning提供了一系列方法,为interactive和非interactive动画提供上下文:

//转场动画发生在该View中
- (nullable UIView *)containerView;
//上报动画执行完毕
- (void)completeTransition:(BOOL)didComplete;
//根据key返回一个ViewController。我们通过UITransitionContextFromViewControllerKey找到将被替换掉的ViewController,通过UITransitionContextToViewControllerKey找到将要显示的ViewController
- (nullable __kindof UIViewController *)viewControllerForKey:(NSString *)key;

还有一些其他的方法,我们以后用到再说。

下面我们通过一个简单的Demo串联理解下。

DEMO

ViewController自定义转场-基础_第1张图片
transitionDemo.gif

这是一个缩放同时修改透明度的动画,我们来看下如何实现。
在上面的讲解中,我们通过倒推的方式来理解转场动画中用到的protocol,在Demo 中,我们会从创建动画开始。

第一步:创建动画

由上面的解析得知,动画是在UIViewControllerAnimatedTransitioning中定义的,所以我们首先创建实现UIViewControllerAnimatedTransitioning的对象:JLScaleTransition

JLScaleTransition.h

@interface JLScaleTransition : NSObject
@end

JLScaleTransition.m

@implementation JLScaleTransition

- (NSTimeInterval)transitionDuration:(nullable id )transitionContext
{
    return 0.5f;
}

- (void)animateTransition:(id )transitionContext
{
    UIViewController *toVC = (UIViewController*)[transitionContext viewControllerForKey:UITransitionContextToViewControllerKey];
    UIViewController *fromVC = (UIViewController*)[transitionContext viewControllerForKey:UITransitionContextFromViewControllerKey];
    UIView * containerView = [transitionContext containerView];
    UIView * fromView = fromVC.view;
    UIView * toView = toVC.view;
    
    [containerView addSubview:toView];
    
    [[transitionContext containerView] bringSubviewToFront:fromView];
    
    NSTimeInterval duration = [self transitionDuration:transitionContext];
    [UIView animateWithDuration:duration animations:^{
        fromView.alpha = 0.0;
        fromView.transform = CGAffineTransformMakeScale(0.2, 0.2);
        toView.alpha = 1.0;
    } completion:^(BOOL finished) {
        fromView.transform = CGAffineTransformMakeScale(1, 1);
        [transitionContext completeTransition:YES];
    }];
}

animateTransition中,我们分别获取两个ViewController的view,将toView添加到containerView中,然后执行动画。为了理解containerViewfromView,toView的关系,我们添加几个log来分析一下:

- (void)animateTransition:(id )transitionContext
{
    UIViewController *toVC = (UIViewController*)[transitionContext viewControllerForKey:UITransitionContextToViewControllerKey];
    UIViewController *fromVC = (UIViewController*)[transitionContext viewControllerForKey:UITransitionContextFromViewControllerKey];
    UIView * containerView = [transitionContext containerView];
    UIView * fromView = fromVC.view;
    UIView * toView = toVC.view;
    NSLog(@"startAnimation! fromView = %@", fromView);
    NSLog(@"startAnimation! toView = %@", toView);
    for(UIView * view in containerView.subviews){
        NSLog(@"startAnimation! list container subviews: %@", view);
    }
    
    [containerView addSubview:toView];
    
    [[transitionContext containerView] bringSubviewToFront:fromView];
    
    NSTimeInterval duration = [self transitionDuration:transitionContext];
    [UIView animateWithDuration:duration animations:^{
        fromView.alpha = 0.0;
        fromView.transform = CGAffineTransformMakeScale(0.2, 0.2);
        toView.alpha = 1.0;
    } completion:^(BOOL finished) {
        fromView.transform = CGAffineTransformMakeScale(1, 1);
        [transitionContext completeTransition:YES];
        for(UIView * view in containerView.subviews){
            NSLog(@"endAnimation! list container subviews: %@", view);
        }
    }];
}

运行log如下:

2016-06-29 13:50:48.512 JLTransition[1970:177922] startAnimation! fromView = >
2016-06-29 13:50:48.513 JLTransition[1970:177922] startAnimation! toView = >
2016-06-29 13:50:48.513 JLTransition[1970:177922] startAnimation! list container subviews: >
2016-06-29 13:50:49.017 JLTransition[1970:177922] endAnimation! list container subviews: >

可见,转场执行的时候,containerView中只包含fromView,转场动画执行完毕之后,containerView会将fromView移除。因为containerView不负责toView的添加,所以我们需要主动将toView添加到containerView中。

注意!非interactive转场中,动画结束之后需要执行[transitionContext completeTransition:YES];(如果动画被取消,传NO);但是在interactive转场中,动画是否结束是由外界控制的(用户行为或者特定函数),需要在外部调用。

第二步:定义转场

在第二部,我们需要实现UIViewControllerAnimatedTransitioning,并将第一步创建的JLScaleTransition对象返回。

JLScaleNavControlDelegate.h

@interface JLScaleNavControlDelegate : NSObject
@end

JLScaleNavControlDelegate.m

@implementation JLScaleNavControlDelegate
- (nullable id ) navigationController:(UINavigationController *)navigationController animationControllerForOperation:(UINavigationControllerOperation)operation fromViewController:(UIViewController *)fromVC toViewController:(UIViewController *)toVC
{
    return [JLScaleTransition new];
}
@end

这一步很简单,实现UIViewControllerAnimatedTransitioning对应方法即可。

第三步:设置转场

设置转场其实就是设置delegate(还记得我们“扯淡”的内容吧)。

    self.navigationController.delegate = id
    self.transitioningDelegate = id
    self.tabBarController.delegate = id

设置delegate有两种方式:通过代码;通过StoryBoard。

通过代码设置

@interface ViewController ()
@property (nonatomic, strong) JLScaleNavControlDelegate * scaleNavDelegate;
@end

@implementation ViewController

- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
    self.scaleNavDelegate = [JLScaleNavControlDelegate new];
}

- (IBAction)triggerTransitionDelegate:(id)sender
{
    self.navigationController.delegate = self.scaleNavDelegate;
    [self.navigationController pushViewController:[TargetViewController new] animated:YES];
}

通过StoryBoard设置

在StoryBoard中为Navigation Bar添加一个Object,并且声明为JLScaleNavControlDelegate(定义见上文)。

ViewController自定义转场-基础_第2张图片
storyboard添加delegate

按住control,从navigation controller拖线置新添加的object,指定为delegate。

ViewController自定义转场-基础_第3张图片
storyboard设置delegate

NEXT

今天就到这里,源码放在github,还包括一些复杂的动画,会持续更新,后面有时间专门挑几个效果牛逼的聊聊。

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