xml基本操作和保存配置文件应用实例

完全是基础,记录了自己在学习、工作中遇到的一些基本问题,新手可以随便看一看,大牛可以关闭浏览页了。

 

引言:在实际项目中遇到一些关于xml操作的问题,被逼到无路可退的时候终于决定好好研究xml一番。本文首先介绍了xml的基本操作,后面写了一个经常用到的xml保存配置文件的实例。 

xml常用方法:

定义xml文档:XmlDocument xmlDoc = new XmlDocument();

初始化xml文档:xmlDoc.Load("D:\\book.xml");//找到xml文件

创建根元素:XmlElement xmlElement = xmlDoc.CreateElement("", "Employees", "");

创建节点:XmlElement xeSub1 = xmlDoc.CreateElement("title");

 查找Employees节点:XmlNode root = xmlDoc.SelectSingleNode("Employees");

添加节点:xe1.AppendChild(xeSub1);

更改节点的属性:xe.SetAttribute("Name", "李明明");

移除xe的ID属性:xe.RemoveAttribute("ID");

删除节点title:xe.RemoveChild(xe2);

 

1 创建xml文档

因为比较简单,直接写方法及结果。

 public void CreateXMLDocument()
        {
            XmlDocument xmlDoc = new XmlDocument();           

//加入XML的声明段落,<?xml version="1.0" encoding="gb2312"?>
            XmlDeclaration xmlDeclar;
            xmlDeclar = xmlDoc.CreateXmlDeclaration("1.0", "gb2312", null);
            xmlDoc.AppendChild(xmlDeclar);           

//加入Employees根元素
            XmlElement xmlElement = xmlDoc.CreateElement("", "Employees", "");
            xmlDoc.AppendChild(xmlElement);         

//添加节点
            XmlNode root = xmlDoc.SelectSingleNode("Employees");
            XmlElement xe1 = xmlDoc.CreateElement("Node");
            xe1.SetAttribute("Name", "李明");
            xe1.SetAttribute("ISB", "2-3631-4");         

//添加子节点
            XmlElement xeSub1 = xmlDoc.CreateElement("title");
            xeSub1.InnerText = "学习VS";
            xe1.AppendChild(xeSub1);


            XmlElement xeSub2 = xmlDoc.CreateElement("price");
            xe1.AppendChild(xeSub2);
            XmlElement xeSub3 = xmlDoc.CreateElement("weight");
            xeSub3.InnerText = "20";
            xeSub2.AppendChild(xeSub3);


            root.AppendChild(xe1);
            xmlDoc.Save("D:\\book.xml");//保存的路径
        }

结果:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="GB2312"?>
-<Employees>-

  <Node ISB="2-3631-4" Name="李明">

    <title>学习VS</title>-

    <price>

      <weight>20</weight>

    </price>

  </Node>

</Employees>

2 增加节点

XmlDocument xmlDoc = new XmlDocument();
            xmlDoc.Load("D:\\book.xml");//找到xml文件
            XmlNode root = xmlDoc.SelectSingleNode("Employees");//查找Employees节点
            XmlElement xe1 = xmlDoc.CreateElement("Node2");//添加Node2节点
            xe1.SetAttribute("Name", "张三");
            XmlElement xeSub1 = xmlDoc.CreateElement("title");//定义子节点
            xeSub1.InnerText = "心情好";
            xe1.AppendChild(xeSub1);//添加节点到Node2
            root.AppendChild(xe1);//添加节点到Employees
            xmlDoc.Save("D:\\book.xml");

结果:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="GB2312"?>
  -<Employees>

    -<Node ISB="2-3631-4" Name="李明">

      <title>学习VS</title>-

      <price>

        <weight>20</weight>

      </price>

    </Node>-

    <Node2 Name="张三">

      <title>心情好</title>

    </Node2>-

    <Node2 Name="张三">

      <title>心情好</title>

    </Node2>

</Employees>

3 修改节点:

public void ModifyNode()

        {

            XmlDocument xmlDocument = new XmlDocument();

            xmlDocument.Load("D:\\book.xml");



            XmlNodeList nodeList = xmlDocument.SelectSingleNode("Employees").ChildNodes;//获取Employees节点的所有子节点



            foreach (XmlNode xn in nodeList)//遍历

            {

                XmlElement xe = (XmlElement)xn;

                if (xe.GetAttribute("Name") == "李明")

                {

                    xe.SetAttribute("Name", "李明明");//更改节点的属性



                    XmlNodeList xnl = xe.ChildNodes;//获取xe的所有子节点

                    foreach (XmlNode xn1 in xnl)

                    {

                        XmlElement xe2 = (XmlElement)xn1;//将节点xn1的属性转换为XmlElement

                        if (xe2.Name == "title")//找到节点名字为title的节点

                        {

                            xe2.InnerText = "今天天气不好";

                        }



                        if (xe2.Name == "price")

                        {

                            XmlNodeList xnl2 = xe2.ChildNodes;

                            foreach (XmlNode xn2 in xnl2)

                            {

                                if (xn2.Name == "weight")

                                {

                                    xn2.InnerText = "88";

                                }

                            }

                        }

                    }

                }

            }



            xmlDocument.Save("D:\\book2.xml");

        }



result:



<?xml version="1.0" encoding="GB2312"?>

-<Employees>

-<Node ISB="2-3631-4" Name="李明明">

<title>今天天气不好</title>-<price>

<weight>88</weight>

</price>

</Node>

-<Node2 Name="张三">

<title>心情好</title>

</Node2></Employees>
View Code


4 删除节点:

public void DeleteNode()

        {

            XmlDocument xmlDocument = new XmlDocument();

            xmlDocument.Load("D:\\book1.xml");



            XmlNodeList xnl = xmlDocument.SelectSingleNode("Employees").ChildNodes;



            foreach (XmlNode xn in xnl)

            {

                if (xn.Name == "Node")

                {

                    XmlElement xe = (XmlElement)xn;//将xn的属性转换为XmlElement

                    xe.RemoveAttribute("ID");//移除xe的ID属性

                    XmlNodeList xnl2 = xe.ChildNodes;

                    for (int i = 0; i < xnl2.Count; i++)

                    {

                        XmlElement xe2 = (XmlElement)xnl2.Item(i);

                        if (xe2.Name == "title")

                        {

                            xe.RemoveChild(xe2);//删除节点title

                        }

                    }

                }

            }



            xmlDocument.Save("D:\\book3.xml");

        }



结果:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="GB2312"?>

-<Employees>

-<Node ISB="2-3631-4" Name="李明">-<price>

<weight>20</weight>

</price>

</Node>-

<Node2 Name="张三">

<title>心情好</title>

</Node2>-

<Node2 Name="张三">

<title>心情好</title>

</Node2>

</Employees>
View Code

 


前面介绍了xml的创建、节点的添加、节点的修改和删除,下面以写的一个保存项目配置文件的小例子。

 

举例说明:

首先在项目文件中创建一个xml文档:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<configurationN>
    <ServerAddress>1143</ServerAddress>
    <ID>192.168</ID>
  </configurationN>

在保存配置文件时,最主要使用了两个方法:Load和Save。

Load:初始化xml文档,以便项目文件获取具体的xml节点的值。

public void Load(string path)

        {

            try

            {

                XmlDocument xmlDocument = new XmlDocument();

                xmlDocument.Load(path);



                XmlNodeList xnl = xmlDocument.SelectSingleNode(managerNode).ChildNodes;

                foreach (XmlNode xn in xnl)

                {

                    if (xn.Name == configuration_ServerAddress)

                    {

                        ServerAddress = xn.InnerText;

                    }

                }

            }

            catch(Exception ex)

            { }

        }

 

Save:在项目系统中进行修改配置文件值后,需要对xml进行重新保存

public void Save(string path)

        {

            try

            {

                XmlDocument xmlDocument = new XmlDocument();

                xmlDocument.Load(path);



                XmlNodeList xnl = xmlDocument.SelectSingleNode(managerNode).ChildNodes;

                foreach (XmlNode xn in xnl)

                {

                    if (xn.Name == configuration_ServerAddress)

                    {

                        xn.InnerText = ServerAddress;

                    }

                }



                xmlDocument.Save(path);

            }

            catch (Exception ex)

            { }

        }

 


此处将所有代码都贴出来,方便下次实现。因为项目是WPF文件,而且都是简单控件,所以只贴出后台代码。

class ConfigurationManager:INotifyPropertyChanged 

    {

        public const string managerNode = "configurationN";//根节点

        public const string configuration_ServerAddress = "ServerAddress";//子节点



        private string _ServerAddress;

        public string ServerAddress

        {

            get { return _ServerAddress; }

            set

            {

                _ServerAddress = value;

                NotifyPropertyChanged("ServerAddress");

            }

        }



        public void Load(string path)

        {

            try

            {

                XmlDocument xmlDocument = new XmlDocument();

                xmlDocument.Load(path);



                XmlNodeList xnl = xmlDocument.SelectSingleNode(managerNode).ChildNodes;

                foreach (XmlNode xn in xnl)

                {

                    if (xn.Name == configuration_ServerAddress)

                    {

                        ServerAddress = xn.InnerText;

                    }

                }

            }

            catch(Exception ex)

            { }

        }



        public void Save(string path)

        {

            try

            {

                XmlDocument xmlDocument = new XmlDocument();

                xmlDocument.Load(path);



                XmlNodeList xnl = xmlDocument.SelectSingleNode(managerNode).ChildNodes;

                foreach (XmlNode xn in xnl)

                {

                    if (xn.Name == configuration_ServerAddress)

                    {

                        xn.InnerText = ServerAddress;

                    }

                }



                xmlDocument.Save(path);

            }

            catch (Exception ex)

            { }

        }



        public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;

        private void NotifyPropertyChanged(string propertyName)

        {

            if (PropertyChanged != null)

            {

                PropertyChanged(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(propertyName));

            }

        }



        public static ConfigurationManager Instance = new ConfigurationManager();

    }









public partial class MainWindow : Window

    {

        public MainWindow()

        {

            InitializeComponent();

            Start();

            this.tb1.Text = ConfigurationManager.Instance.ServerAddress.ToString();



        }

        private string path = "CONFIG\\System.xml";



        private void button1_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)

        {

            ConfigurationManager.Instance.ServerAddress = this.tb1.Text;

            ConfigurationManager.Instance.Save(path);

        }



        private void button2_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)

        {

            Application.Current.Shutdown();

        }



        private void Start()

        {

            ConfigurationManager.Instance.Load(path);

        }

    }
View Code

 

 

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