保护系统安全
检查安全更新
1⃣️ 在服务器启动时安装安全更新：在用户数据脚本中添加安全更新命令：
# 检查安全更新
yum -security check-update
# 安装所有更新
yum -y update
# 仅安装安全更新
yum -y -security update
2⃣️ 在服务器运行时安装安全更新：使用一个脚本获取所有服务器列表，然后在所有运行的 EC2 实例上安装安全更新：
update.sh 在所有服务器上安装安全更新的脚本文件
#!/bin/bash -ex
PUBLICNAMES=$(aws ec2 describe-instances --filters "Name=instance-state-name,Values=running" --query "Reservations[].Instances[].PublicDnsName" --output text)
for PUBLICNAME in $PUBLICNAMES; do
ssh -t -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no ec2-user@$PUBLICNAME "sudo yum -y --security update"
done
保护 AWS 账户安全
使用多重身份验证（MFA）来保护你的root用户。然后你将停止使用root用户，创建一个新用户用于日常操作，然后学会授予一个角色最小权限。
IAM 服务
root 用户、IAM 用户、IAM 角色的区别：
| root 用户 | IAM 用户 | IAM 角色 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 可以有一个密码 | 总是 | 是 | 否 |
| 可以有一个访问密钥 | 是（不推荐） | 是 | 否 |
| 可以属于一个组 | 否 | 是 | 否 |
| 可以与一个 EC2 实例关联 | 否 | 否 | 是 |
- 密码：登录管理控制台；
- 访问密钥：使用 AWS CLI 登录；
策略类型
IAM 用户和 IAM 角色通过策略进行授权。
最小授权原则。
创建用户组、IAM 用户、IAM 角色，并将 IAM 角色与 EC2 实例关联。
...
控制进出虚拟服务器的网络流量
- 防火墙设置原则：只打开必要的端口。
- 默认情况下，所有的入站流量都被拒绝，而所有的出站流量都被允许。
源和目的地
入站安全组规则筛选基于网络流量的源。源可以是一个IP地址也可以是一个安全组。这样就可以只允许从特定源IP地址范围来的入站流量。
出站安全组规则筛选基于网路流量的目的地。目的地可以是一个IP地址或安全组。可以只允许特定目的IP地址范围的出站流量。源 IP 和 目的 IP 针对的都是 EC2 实例外部的 IP 地址。
设置安全组规则
"Resources": {
"SecurityGroup": { ## 安全组
"Type": "AWS::EC2::SecurityGroup", ## 安全组资源类型
"Properties": { ## 安全组属性
"GroupDescription": "My security group", ## 安全组描述
"VpcId": {"Ref": "VPC"} ## 关联安全组与虚拟网络
}
},
"AllowInboundICMP": { ## 允许 ICPM 规则描述
"Type": "AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupIngress", ## 入站规则类型
"Properties": {
"GroupId": {"Ref": "SecurityGroup"}, ## 关联入站规则与安全组
"IpProtocol": "icmp", ## 指定协议
"FromPort": "-1", ## -1，意味着所有端口
"ToPort": "-1",
"CidrIp": "0.0.0.0/0" ## 0.0.0.0/0 表示所有源IP地址都被允许
}
},
"Server": {
"Type": "AWS::EC2::Instance", ## EC2 实例描述
"Properties": {
"ImageId": {"Fn::FindInMap": ["EC2RegionMap", {"Ref": "AWS::Region"}, "AmazonLinuxAMIHVMEBSBacked64bit"]},
"InstanceType": "t2.micro",
"KeyName": {"Ref": "KeyName"},
"SecurityGroupIds": [{"Ref": "SecurityGroup"}], ## 将安全组关联到 EC2 实例上
"SubnetId": {"Ref": "Subnet"}
}
}
允许 ICMP 流量
"AllowInboundICMP": { ## 允许 ICPM 规则描述
"Type": "AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupIngress", ## 入站规则类型
"Properties": {
"GroupId": {"Ref": "SecurityGroup"}, ## 关联入站规则与安全组
"IpProtocol": "icmp", ## 指定协议：ICPMP 协议
"FromPort": "-1", ## -1，意味着所有端口
"ToPort": "-1",
"CidrIp": "0.0.0.0/0" ## 0.0.0.0/0 表示所有源IP地址都被允许
}
},
允许 SSH 流量
"IpForSSH": { ## 公有 IP 地址参数
"Description": "Your public IP address to allow SSH access",
"Type": "String"
}
...
"AllowInboundSSH": { ## 允许 SSH 规则描述
"Type": "AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupIngress", ## 入站规则类型
"Properties": {
"GroupId": {"Ref": "SecurityGroup"}, ## 关联入站规则与安全组
"IpProtocol": "tcp", ## SSH 基于 TCP 协议
"FromPort": "22", ## 默认的 SSH 端口号：22
"ToPort": "22",
"CidrIp": {"Fn::Join": ["", [{"Ref": "IpForSSH"}, "/32"]]} ## 指定源IP
}
},
查看你的公有IP地址：http://api.ipify.org
在云中创建一个私有网络：虚拟私有云（VPC）
公有子网&私有子网
用户应该至少有两个子网，即公有子网和私有子网。公有子网能够路由到互联网，私有子网则不能。
公有子网：用户的网站服务器。
私有子网：用户的数据库服务器。
公有子网和私有子网到唯一区别是，私有子网不能路由到互联网网关（ IGW）。
私有子网如何访问互联网？如何下载安装应用源码？
在公有子网中使用一个 NAT 服务器，并且创建一条从用户的私有子网到 NAT 服务器的路由。一台 NAT 服务器就是一台用来处理网络地址转换的虚拟服务器。来自用户的私有子网的互联网流量将从 NAT 服务器的公有 IP 地址访问互联网。
网络安全组 & 网络访问控制列表 ACL
安全组与网络 ACL 的比较
安全组与ACL有一个重要的区别：安全组是有状态的，而 ACL 则没有。
如果用户允许在安全组上的一个入站端口，那么该入站端口上的请求对应的出站响应也是被允许的。安全组规则将按用户所期望的方式工作。如果用户在安全组上打开端口22，就能通过SSH连接。
ACL 则不同。如果用户仅仅为子网的 ACL 打开入站端口22，仍然不能通过 SSH 访问。除此之外，用户还需要允许出站临时端口，因为 sshd（SSH守护进程）在端口22上接受连接，但却使用临时端口与客户端通信。临时端口从范围1024至65535中选择。
如果用户想从自己的子网发起一个 SSH 连接，就需要打开出站端口22且同时打开入站临时端口。如果对这些都不熟悉，应该使用安全组且在ACL层允许所有。
AWS 示例
上图含义：来自 Internet 网关的数据流会通过路由表中的路径被路由到合适的子网。与子网相关的网络 ACL 规则控制允许进入子网的数据流。与实例相关的安全组规则控制允许进入实例的数据流。
互联网网关 IGW
IGW （Internet Gateway）:互联网网关，会使用网络地址转换（network address translation, NAT）把虚拟服务器的公有IP地址转换成它们的私有IP地址。
附：CIDR （无类域间路由）的概念
一个示例：计算 192.168.23.35/21 计算子网的网络 ID、子网掩码、起止 IP 地址？
CIDR 表示法：192.168.23.35/21
IP 地址： 11000000.10101000.00010111.00100011 （192.168.23.35）
子网掩码：11111111.11111111.11111000.00000000 （255.255.248.0）即21个1
网络 ID： 11000000.10101000.00010000.00000000 （192.168.16.0）
起始 IP 地址： 11000000.10101000.00010000.00000001 （192.168.16.1）
结束 IP 地址：11000000.10101000.00010111.11111110 （192.168.23.254）
广播 IP 地址：11000000.10101000.00010111.11111111 （192.168.23.255）主机 ID 全1。
附：有4个子网来保护网站应用安全的VPC
有4个子网来保护网站应用安全的VPC
CloudFormation 模版文件示例：
{
"AWSTemplateFormatVersion": "2010-09-09",
"Description": "AWS in Action: chapter 6 (VPC)",
"Parameters": {
"KeyName": {
"Description": "Key Pair name",
"Type": "AWS::EC2::KeyPair::KeyName",
"Default": "mykey"
}
},
"Mappings": {
"EC2RegionMap": {
"ap-northeast-1": {"AmazonLinuxAMIHVMEBSBacked64bit": "ami-cbf90ecb", "AmazonLinuxNATAMIHVMEBSBacked64bit": "ami-03cf3903"},
"ap-southeast-1": {"AmazonLinuxAMIHVMEBSBacked64bit": "ami-68d8e93a", "AmazonLinuxNATAMIHVMEBSBacked64bit": "ami-b49dace6"},
"ap-southeast-2": {"AmazonLinuxAMIHVMEBSBacked64bit": "ami-fd9cecc7", "AmazonLinuxNATAMIHVMEBSBacked64bit": "ami-e7ee9edd"},
"eu-central-1": {"AmazonLinuxAMIHVMEBSBacked64bit": "ami-a8221fb5", "AmazonLinuxNATAMIHVMEBSBacked64bit": "ami-46073a5b"},
"eu-west-1": {"AmazonLinuxAMIHVMEBSBacked64bit": "ami-a10897d6", "AmazonLinuxNATAMIHVMEBSBacked64bit": "ami-6975eb1e"},
"sa-east-1": {"AmazonLinuxAMIHVMEBSBacked64bit": "ami-b52890a8", "AmazonLinuxNATAMIHVMEBSBacked64bit": "ami-fbfa41e6"},
"us-east-1": {"AmazonLinuxAMIHVMEBSBacked64bit": "ami-1ecae776", "AmazonLinuxNATAMIHVMEBSBacked64bit": "ami-303b1458"},
"us-west-1": {"AmazonLinuxAMIHVMEBSBacked64bit": "ami-d114f295", "AmazonLinuxNATAMIHVMEBSBacked64bit": "ami-7da94839"},
"us-west-2": {"AmazonLinuxAMIHVMEBSBacked64bit": "ami-e7527ed7", "AmazonLinuxNATAMIHVMEBSBacked64bit": "ami-69ae8259"}
}
},
"Resources": {
"SecurityGroup": {
"Type": "AWS::EC2::SecurityGroup",
"Properties": {
"GroupDescription": "My security group",
"VpcId": {"Ref": "VPC"}
}
},
"SecurityGroupIngress": {
"Type": "AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupIngress",
"Properties":{
"IpProtocol": "-1",
"FromPort": "-1",
"ToPort": "-1",
"CidrIp": "0.0.0.0/0",
"GroupId": {"Ref": "SecurityGroup"}
}
},
"SecurityGroupEgress": {
"Type": "AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupEgress",
"Properties":{
"IpProtocol": "-1",
"FromPort": "-1",
"ToPort": "-1",
"CidrIp": "0.0.0.0/0",
"GroupId": {"Ref": "SecurityGroup"}
}
},
"VPC": { ## 1.虚拟网络 VPC
"Type": "AWS::EC2::VPC",
"Properties": {
"CidrBlock": "10.0.0.0/16", ## 地址空间
"EnableDnsHostnames": "true"
}
},
"InternetGateway": { ## 互联网网关 IGW
"Type": "AWS::EC2::InternetGateway",
"Properties": {
}
},
"VPCGatewayAttachment": { ## 将网关关联到VPC
"Type": "AWS::EC2::VPCGatewayAttachment",
"Properties": {
"VpcId": {"Ref": "VPC"},
"InternetGatewayId": {"Ref": "InternetGateway"}
}
},
"SubnetPublicNAT": { ## 1.1 公有 NAT 子网
"Type": "AWS::EC2::Subnet",
"Properties": {
"AvailabilityZone": {"Fn::Select": ["0", {"Fn::GetAZs": ""}]},
"CidrBlock": "10.0.0.0/24", ## NAT 子网的地址空间
"VpcId": {"Ref": "VPC"}
}
},
"RouteTablePublicNAT": {
"Type": "AWS::EC2::RouteTable",
"Properties": {
"VpcId": {"Ref": "VPC"}
}
},
"RouteTableAssociationPublicNAT": {
"Type": "AWS::EC2::SubnetRouteTableAssociation",
"Properties": {
"SubnetId": {"Ref": "SubnetPublicNAT"},
"RouteTableId": {"Ref": "RouteTablePublicNAT"}
}
},
"RoutePublicNATToInternet": { ## NAT 子网是公有的能路由到互联网
"Type": "AWS::EC2::Route",
"Properties": {
"RouteTableId": {"Ref": "RouteTablePublicNAT"},
"DestinationCidrBlock": "0.0.0.0/0",
"GatewayId": {"Ref": "InternetGateway"}
},
"DependsOn": "VPCGatewayAttachment"
},
"NetworkAclPublicNAT": {
"Type": "AWS::EC2::NetworkAcl",
"Properties": {
"VpcId": {"Ref": "VPC"}
}
},
"SubnetNetworkAclAssociationPublicNAT": {
"Type": "AWS::EC2::SubnetNetworkAclAssociation",
"Properties": {
"SubnetId": {"Ref": "SubnetPublicNAT"},
"NetworkAclId": {"Ref": "NetworkAclPublicNAT"}
}
},
"NetworkAclEntryInPublicNATHTTP": {
"Type": "AWS::EC2::NetworkAclEntry",
"Properties": {
"NetworkAclId": {"Ref": "NetworkAclPublicNAT"},
"RuleNumber": "100",
"Protocol": "6",
"PortRange": {
"From": "80",
"To": "80"
},
"RuleAction": "allow",
"Egress": "false",
"CidrBlock": "10.0.0.0/16"
}
},
"NetworkAclEntryInPublicNATHTTPS": {
"Type": "AWS::EC2::NetworkAclEntry",
"Properties": {
"NetworkAclId": {"Ref": "NetworkAclPublicNAT"},
"RuleNumber": "110",
"Protocol": "6",
"PortRange": {
"From": "443",
"To": "443"
},
"RuleAction": "allow",
"Egress": "false",
"CidrBlock": "10.0.0.0/16"
}
},
"NetworkAclEntryInPublicNATEphemeralPorts": {
"Type": "AWS::EC2::NetworkAclEntry",
"Properties": {
"NetworkAclId": {"Ref": "NetworkAclPublicNAT"},
"RuleNumber": "200",
"Protocol": "6",
"PortRange": {
"From": "1024",
"To": "65535"
},
"RuleAction": "allow",
"Egress": "false",
"CidrBlock": "0.0.0.0/0"
}
},
"NetworkAclEntryOutPublicNATHTTP": {
"Type": "AWS::EC2::NetworkAclEntry",
"Properties": {
"NetworkAclId": {"Ref": "NetworkAclPublicNAT"},
"RuleNumber": "100",
"Protocol": "6",
"PortRange": {
"From": "80",
"To": "80"
},
"RuleAction": "allow",
"Egress": "true",
"CidrBlock": "0.0.0.0/0"
}
},
"NetworkAclEntryOutPublicNATHTTPS": {
"Type": "AWS::EC2::NetworkAclEntry",
"Properties": {
"NetworkAclId": {"Ref": "NetworkAclPublicNAT"},
"RuleNumber": "110",
"Protocol": "6",
"PortRange": {
"From": "443",
"To": "443"
},
"RuleAction": "allow",
"Egress": "true",
"CidrBlock": "0.0.0.0/0"
}
},
"NetworkAclEntryOutPublicNATEphemeralPorts": {
"Type": "AWS::EC2::NetworkAclEntry",
"Properties": {
"NetworkAclId": {"Ref": "NetworkAclPublicNAT"},
"RuleNumber": "200",
"Protocol": "6",
"PortRange": {
"From": "1024",
"To": "65535"
},
"RuleAction": "allow",
"Egress": "true",
"CidrBlock": "0.0.0.0/0"
}
},
"SubnetPublicSSHBastion": { ## 1.2 公有堡垒主机子网
"Type": "AWS::EC2::Subnet",
"Properties": {
"AvailabilityZone": {"Fn::Select": ["0", {"Fn::GetAZs": ""}]},
"CidrBlock": "10.0.1.0/24", ## 公有子网地址空间
"VpcId": {"Ref": "VPC"}
}
},
"RouteTablePublicSSHBastion": { ## 路由表
"Type": "AWS::EC2::RouteTable",
"Properties": {
"VpcId": {"Ref": "VPC"}
}
},
"RouteTableAssociationPublicSSHBastion": { ## 将路由表关联到子网
"Type": "AWS::EC2::SubnetRouteTableAssociation",
"Properties": {
"SubnetId": {"Ref": "SubnetPublicSSHBastion"},
"RouteTableId": {"Ref": "RouteTablePublicSSHBastion"}
}
},
"RoutePublicSSHBastionToInternet": {
"Type": "AWS::EC2::Route",
"Properties": {
"RouteTableId": {"Ref": "RouteTablePublicSSHBastion"},
"DestinationCidrBlock": "0.0.0.0/0", ## 将任何地址路由至 IGW
"GatewayId": {"Ref": "InternetGateway"}
},
"DependsOn": "VPCGatewayAttachment"
},
"NetworkAclPublicSSHBastion": { ## 公有子网访问控制列表 ACL
"Type": "AWS::EC2::NetworkAcl",
"Properties": {
"VpcId": {"Ref": "VPC"}
}
},
"SubnetNetworkAclAssociationPublicSSHBastion": { ## 关联
"Type": "AWS::EC2::SubnetNetworkAclAssociation",
"Properties": {
"SubnetId": {"Ref": "SubnetPublicSSHBastion"},
"NetworkAclId": {"Ref": "NetworkAclPublicSSHBastion"}
}
},
"NetworkAclEntryInPublicSSHBastionSSH": { ## 允许来自任何地方的入站 SSH 流量
"Type": "AWS::EC2::NetworkAclEntry",
"Properties": {
"NetworkAclId": {"Ref": "NetworkAclPublicSSHBastion"},
"RuleNumber": "100",
"Protocol": "6",
"PortRange": {
"From": "22",
"To": "22"
},
"RuleAction": "allow",
"Egress": "false",
"CidrBlock": "0.0.0.0/0"
}
},
"NetworkAclEntryInPublicSSHBastionEphemeralPorts": { ## 用于短 TCP/IP 连接的入站临时端口
"Type": "AWS::EC2::NetworkAclEntry",
"Properties": {
"NetworkAclId": {"Ref": "NetworkAclPublicSSHBastion"},
"RuleNumber": "200",
"Protocol": "6",
"PortRange": {
"From": "1024",
"To": "65535"
},
"RuleAction": "allow",
"Egress": "false",
"CidrBlock": "10.0.0.0/16"
}
},
"NetworkAclEntryOutPublicSSHBastionSSH": { ## 允许从 VPC 出站的 SSH 流量
"Type": "AWS::EC2::NetworkAclEntry",
"Properties": {
"NetworkAclId": {"Ref": "NetworkAclPublicSSHBastion"},
"RuleNumber": "100",
"Protocol": "6",
"PortRange": {
"From": "22",
"To": "22"
},
"RuleAction": "allow",
"Egress": "true",
"CidrBlock": "10.0.0.0/16"
}
},
"NetworkAclEntryOutPublicSSHBastionEphemeralPorts": { ## 出站临时端口,用于 SSH 出站连接
"Type": "AWS::EC2::NetworkAclEntry",
"Properties": {
"NetworkAclId": {"Ref": "NetworkAclPublicSSHBastion"},
"RuleNumber": "200",
"Protocol": "6",
"PortRange": {
"From": "1024",
"To": "65535"
},
"RuleAction": "allow",
"Egress": "true",
"CidrBlock": "0.0.0.0/0"
}
},
"SubnetPublicVarnish": { ## 1.3 Varnish 网络缓存子网，公有子网
"Type": "AWS::EC2::Subnet",
"Properties": {
"AvailabilityZone": {"Fn::Select": ["0", {"Fn::GetAZs": ""}]},
"CidrBlock": "10.0.2.0/24", ## 地址空间
"VpcId": {"Ref": "VPC"}
}
},
"RouteTablePublicVarnish": {
"Type": "AWS::EC2::RouteTable",
"Properties": {
"VpcId": {"Ref": "VPC"}
}
},
"RouteTableAssociationPublicVarnish": {
"Type": "AWS::EC2::SubnetRouteTableAssociation",
"Properties": {
"SubnetId": {"Ref": "SubnetPublicVarnish"},
"RouteTableId": {"Ref": "RouteTablePublicVarnish"}
}
},
"RoutePublicVarnishToInternet": {
"Type": "AWS::EC2::Route",
"Properties": {
"RouteTableId": {"Ref": "RouteTablePublicVarnish"},
"DestinationCidrBlock": "0.0.0.0/0",
"GatewayId": {"Ref": "InternetGateway"}
},
"DependsOn": "VPCGatewayAttachment"
},
"NetworkAclPublicVarnish": {
"Type": "AWS::EC2::NetworkAcl",
"Properties": {
"VpcId": {"Ref": "VPC"}
}
},
"SubnetNetworkAclAssociationPublicVarnish": {
"Type": "AWS::EC2::SubnetNetworkAclAssociation",
"Properties": {
"SubnetId": {"Ref": "SubnetPublicVarnish"},
"NetworkAclId": {"Ref": "NetworkAclPublicVarnish"}
}
},
"NetworkAclEntryInPublicVarnishSSH": {
"Type": "AWS::EC2::NetworkAclEntry",
"Properties": {
"NetworkAclId": {"Ref": "NetworkAclPublicVarnish"},
"RuleNumber": "100",
"Protocol": "6",
"PortRange": {
"From": "22",
"To": "22"
},
"RuleAction": "allow",
"Egress": "false",
"CidrBlock": "10.0.1.0/24"
}
},
"NetworkAclEntryInPublicVarnishHTTP": {
"Type": "AWS::EC2::NetworkAclEntry",
"Properties": {
"NetworkAclId": {"Ref": "NetworkAclPublicVarnish"},
"RuleNumber": "110",
"Protocol": "6",
"PortRange": {
"From": "80",
"To": "80"
},
"RuleAction": "allow",
"Egress": "false",
"CidrBlock": "0.0.0.0/0"
}
},
"NetworkAclEntryInPublicVarnishEphemeralPorts": {
"Type": "AWS::EC2::NetworkAclEntry",
"Properties": {
"NetworkAclId": {"Ref": "NetworkAclPublicVarnish"},
"RuleNumber": "200",
"Protocol": "6",
"PortRange": {
"From": "1024",
"To": "65535"
},
"RuleAction": "allow",
"Egress": "false",
"CidrBlock": "0.0.0.0/0"
}
},
"NetworkAclEntryOutPublicVarnishHTTP": {
"Type": "AWS::EC2::NetworkAclEntry",
"Properties": {
"NetworkAclId": {"Ref": "NetworkAclPublicVarnish"},
"RuleNumber": "100",
"Protocol": "6",
"PortRange": {
"From": "80",
"To": "80"
},
"RuleAction": "allow",
"Egress": "true",
"CidrBlock": "0.0.0.0/0"
}
},
"NetworkAclEntryOutPublicVarnishHTTPS": {
"Type": "AWS::EC2::NetworkAclEntry",
"Properties": {
"NetworkAclId": {"Ref": "NetworkAclPublicVarnish"},
"RuleNumber": "110",
"Protocol": "6",
"PortRange": {
"From": "443",
"To": "443"
},
"RuleAction": "allow",
"Egress": "true",
"CidrBlock": "0.0.0.0/0"
}
},
"NetworkAclEntryOutPublicVarnishEphemeralPorts": {
"Type": "AWS::EC2::NetworkAclEntry",
"Properties": {
"NetworkAclId": {"Ref": "NetworkAclPublicVarnish"},
"RuleNumber": "200",
"Protocol": "6",
"PortRange": {
"From": "1024",
"To": "65535"
},
"RuleAction": "allow",
"Egress": "true",
"CidrBlock": "0.0.0.0/0"
}
},
"SubnetPrivateApache": { ## 1.4 Apache 网站服务器私有子网
"Type": "AWS::EC2::Subnet",
"Properties": {
"AvailabilityZone": {"Fn::Select": ["0", {"Fn::GetAZs": ""}]},
"CidrBlock": "10.0.3.0/24", ## 私有子网地址空间
"VpcId": {"Ref": "VPC"}
}
},
# 公有子网和私有子网到唯一区别是，私有子网不能路由到互联网网关（ IGW）。
"RouteTablePrivateApache": { ## Apache 私有子网路由表。没有路由到 IGW。
"Type": "AWS::EC2::RouteTable",
"Properties": {
"VpcId": {"Ref": "VPC"}
}
},
"RouteTableAssociationPrivateApache": {
"Type": "AWS::EC2::SubnetRouteTableAssociation",
"Properties": {
"SubnetId": {"Ref": "SubnetPrivateApache"},
"RouteTableId": {"Ref": "RouteTablePrivateApache"}
}
},
"RoutePrivateApacheToInternet": {
"Type": "AWS::EC2::Route",
"Properties": {
"RouteTableId": {"Ref": "RouteTablePrivateApache"},
"DestinationCidrBlock": "0.0.0.0/0",
"InstanceId": {"Ref": "NatServer"} ## 从 Apache 子网路由到 NAT 实例
}
},
"NetworkAclPrivateApache": { ## Apache 私有子网 ACL
"Type": "AWS::EC2::NetworkAcl",
"Properties": {
"VpcId": {"Ref": "VPC"}
}
},
"SubnetNetworkAclAssociationPrivateApache": {
"Type": "AWS::EC2::SubnetNetworkAclAssociation",
"Properties": {
"SubnetId": {"Ref": "SubnetPrivateApache"},
"NetworkAclId": {"Ref": "NetworkAclPrivateApache"}
}
},
"NetworkAclEntryInPrivateApacheSSH": {
"Type": "AWS::EC2::NetworkAclEntry",
"Properties": {
"NetworkAclId": {"Ref": "NetworkAclPrivateApache"},
"RuleNumber": "100",
"Protocol": "6",
"PortRange": {
"From": "22",
"To": "22"
},
"RuleAction": "allow",
"Egress": "false",
"CidrBlock": "10.0.1.0/24"
}
},
"NetworkAclEntryInPrivateApacheHTTP": {
"Type": "AWS::EC2::NetworkAclEntry",
"Properties": {
"NetworkAclId": {"Ref": "NetworkAclPrivateApache"},
"RuleNumber": "110",
"Protocol": "6",
"PortRange": {
"From": "80",
"To": "80"
},
"RuleAction": "allow",
"Egress": "false",
"CidrBlock": "10.0.2.0/24"
}
},
"NetworkAclEntryInPrivateApacheEphemeralPorts": {
"Type": "AWS::EC2::NetworkAclEntry",
"Properties": {
"NetworkAclId": {"Ref": "NetworkAclPrivateApache"},
"RuleNumber": "200",
"Protocol": "6",
"PortRange": {
"From": "1024",
"To": "65535"
},
"RuleAction": "allow",
"Egress": "false",
"CidrBlock": "0.0.0.0/0"
}
},
"NetworkAclEntryOutPrivateApacheHTTP": {
"Type": "AWS::EC2::NetworkAclEntry",
"Properties": {
"NetworkAclId": {"Ref": "NetworkAclPrivateApache"},
"RuleNumber": "100",
"Protocol": "6",
"PortRange": {
"From": "80",
"To": "80"
},
"RuleAction": "allow",
"Egress": "true",
"CidrBlock": "0.0.0.0/0"
}
},
"NetworkAclEntryOutPrivateApacheHTTPS": {
"Type": "AWS::EC2::NetworkAclEntry",
"Properties": {
"NetworkAclId": {"Ref": "NetworkAclPrivateApache"},
"RuleNumber": "110",
"Protocol": "6",
"PortRange": {
"From": "443",
"To": "443"
},
"RuleAction": "allow",
"Egress": "true",
"CidrBlock": "0.0.0.0/0"
}
},
"NetworkAclEntryOutPrivateApacheEphemeralPorts": {
"Type": "AWS::EC2::NetworkAclEntry",
"Properties": {
"NetworkAclId": {"Ref": "NetworkAclPrivateApache"},
"RuleNumber": "200",
"Protocol": "6",
"PortRange": {
"From": "1024",
"To": "65535"
},
"RuleAction": "allow",
"Egress": "true",
"CidrBlock": "10.0.0.0/16"
}
},
"NatServer": { ## NAT 服务器，私有子网的互联网流量将从 NAT 服务器的公有 IP 地址访问互联网。
"Type": "AWS::EC2::Instance",
"Properties": {
"ImageId": {"Fn::FindInMap": ["EC2RegionMap", {"Ref": "AWS::Region"}, "AmazonLinuxNATAMIHVMEBSBacked64bit"]}, ## AWS 提供了配置好的 NAT 实例映像
"InstanceType": "t2.micro",
"KeyName": {"Ref": "KeyName"},
"NetworkInterfaces": [{
"AssociatePublicIpAddress": "true", ## 分配公有 IP 地址，所有私有子网到互联网流量的源地址
"DeleteOnTermination": "true",
"SubnetId": {"Ref": "SubnetPublicNAT"},
"DeviceIndex": "0",
"GroupSet": [{"Ref": "SecurityGroup"}]
}],
"SourceDestCheck": "false", ## 默认情况下，一个实例必须是它发送的网络流量的源或者目的地。 对 NAT 实例禁用此检查。
"UserData": {"Fn::Base64": {"Fn::Join": ["", [
"#!/bin/bash -ex\n",
"/opt/aws/bin/cfn-signal --stack ", {"Ref": "AWS::StackName"}, " --resource NatServer --region ", {"Ref": "AWS::Region"}, "\n"
]]}}
},
"CreationPolicy": {
"ResourceSignal": {
"Timeout": "PT5M"
}
},
"DependsOn": "VPCGatewayAttachment"
},
"BastionHost": { ## 堡垒主机
"Type": "AWS::EC2::Instance",
"Properties": {
"ImageId": {"Fn::FindInMap": ["EC2RegionMap", {"Ref": "AWS::Region"}, "AmazonLinuxAMIHVMEBSBacked64bit"]},
"InstanceType": "t2.micro",
"KeyName": {"Ref": "KeyName"},
"NetworkInterfaces": [{
"AssociatePublicIpAddress": "true", ## 分配一个公有 IP 地址
"DeleteOnTermination": "true",
"SubnetId": {"Ref": "SubnetPublicSSHBastion"}, ## 在堡垒主机子网中启动
"DeviceIndex": "0",
"GroupSet": [{"Ref": "SecurityGroup"}] ## 安全组允许所有流量
}]
},
"DependsOn": "VPCGatewayAttachment"
},
"VarnishServer": { ## Varnish 服务器
"Type": "AWS::EC2::Instance",
"Properties": {
"ImageId": {"Fn::FindInMap": ["EC2RegionMap", {"Ref": "AWS::Region"}, "AmazonLinuxAMIHVMEBSBacked64bit"]},
"InstanceType": "t2.micro",
"KeyName": {"Ref": "KeyName"},
"NetworkInterfaces": [{
"AssociatePublicIpAddress": "true",
"DeleteOnTermination": "true",
"SubnetId": {"Ref": "SubnetPublicVarnish"},
"DeviceIndex": "0",
"GroupSet": [{"Ref": "SecurityGroup"}]
}],
"UserData": {"Fn::Base64": {"Fn::Join": ["", [
"#!/bin/bash -ex\n",
"yum -y install varnish-3.0.7\n",
"cat > /etc/varnish/default.vcl << EOF\n",
"backend default {\n",
" .host = \"", {"Fn::GetAtt": ["ApacheServer", "PrivateIp"]} ,"\";\n",
" .port = \"80\";\n",
"}\n",
"EOF\n",
"sed -i.bak \"s/^VARNISH_LISTEN_PORT=.*/VARNISH_LISTEN_PORT=80/\" /etc/sysconfig/varnish\n",
"service varnish start\n",
"/opt/aws/bin/cfn-signal --stack ", {"Ref": "AWS::StackName"}, " --resource VarnishServer --region ", {"Ref": "AWS::Region"}, "\n"
]]}}
},
"CreationPolicy": {
"ResourceSignal": {
"Timeout": "PT5M"
}
},
"DependsOn": "VPCGatewayAttachment"
},
"ApacheServer": { ## Apache 服务器
"Type": "AWS::EC2::Instance",
"Properties": {
"ImageId": {"Fn::FindInMap": ["EC2RegionMap", {"Ref": "AWS::Region"}, "AmazonLinuxAMIHVMEBSBacked64bit"]},
"InstanceType": "t2.micro",
"KeyName": {"Ref": "KeyName"},
"NetworkInterfaces": [{
"AssociatePublicIpAddress": "false", ## 不分配公有 IP 地址。
"DeleteOnTermination": "true",
"SubnetId": {"Ref": "SubnetPrivateApache"}, ## 在私有子网中启动
"DeviceIndex": "0",
"GroupSet": [{"Ref": "SecurityGroup"}]
}],
"UserData": {"Fn::Base64": {"Fn::Join": ["", [
"#!/bin/bash -ex\n",
"yum -y install httpd\n", ## 从互联网安装 Apache
"service httpd start\n",
"/opt/aws/bin/cfn-signal --stack ", {"Ref": "AWS::StackName"}, " --resource ApacheServer --region ", {"Ref": "AWS::Region"}, "\n"
]]}}
},
"CreationPolicy": {
"ResourceSignal": {
"Timeout": "PT10M"
}
},
"DependsOn": "NatServer"
}
},
"Outputs": {
"BastionHostPublicName": {
"Value": {"Fn::GetAtt": ["BastionHost", "PublicDnsName"]},
"Description": "connect via SSH as user ec2-user"
},
"VarnishServerPublicName": {
"Value": {"Fn::GetAtt": ["VarnishServer", "PublicDnsName"]},
"Description": "handles HTTP requests"
},
"VarnishServerPrivateIp": {
"Value": {"Fn::GetAtt": ["VarnishServer", "PrivateIp"]},
"Description": "connect via SSH from bastion host"
},
"ApacheServerPrivateIp": {
"Value": {"Fn::GetAtt": ["ApacheServer", "PrivateIp"]},
"Description": "connect via SSH from bastion host"
}
}
}