spring-boot学习笔记之Web拦截器

spring-boot在web层面使用了spring mvc的拦截器功能,并没有做其他处理,故我们只要熟悉mvc的拦截器,自然而然可以将拦截器加入到spring-boot上

拦截器接口
package org.springframework.web.servlet;  
public interface HandlerInterceptor {  
    boolean preHandle(  
            HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,   
            Object handler)   
            throws Exception;  
  
    void postHandle(  
            HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,   
            Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView)   
            throws Exception;  
  
    void afterCompletion(  
            HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,   
            Object handler, Exception ex)  
            throws Exception;  
}   

我们可能注意到拦截器一个有3个回调方法,而一般的过滤器Filter才两个,这是怎么回事呢?马上分析。

preHandle****:预处理回调方法,实现处理器的预处理(如登录检查),第三个参数为响应的处理器(如我们上一章的Controller实现);
返回值:true表示继续流程(如调用下一个拦截器或处理器);
false表示流程中断(如登录检查失败),不会继续调用其他的拦截器或处理器,此时我们需要通过response来产生响应;
postHandle****:
后处理回调方法,实现处理器的后处理(但在渲染视图之前),此时我们可以通过modelAndView(模型和视图对象)对模型数据进行处理或对视图进行处理,modelAndView也可能为null。
afterCompletion****:整个请求处理完毕回调方法,即在视图渲染完毕时回调,如性能监控中我们可以在此记录结束时间并输出消耗时间,还可以进行一些资源清理,类似于try-catch-finally中的finally,但仅调用处理器执行链中preHandle返回true的拦截器的afterCompletion

拦截运行图
spring-boot学习笔记之Web拦截器_第1张图片
正常流程
spring-boot学习笔记之Web拦截器_第2张图片
中断流程

中断流程中,比如是HandlerInterceptor2中断的流程(preHandle返回false),此处仅调用它之前拦截器的preHandle返回true的afterCompletion方法。

DispatcherServlet内部工作:


//doDispatch方法
//1、处理器拦截器的预处理(正序执行)
HandlerInterceptor[] interceptors = mappedHandler.getInterceptors();
if (interceptors != null) {
    for (int i = 0; i < interceptors.length; i++) {
    HandlerInterceptor interceptor = interceptors[i];
        if (!interceptor.preHandle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler())) {
            //1.1、失败时触发afterCompletion的调用
            triggerAfterCompletion(mappedHandler, interceptorIndex, processedRequest, response, null);
            return;
        }
        interceptorIndex = i;//1.2、记录当前预处理成功的索引
}
}
//2、处理器适配器调用我们的处理器
mv = ha.handle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler());
//当我们返回null或没有返回逻辑视图名时的默认视图名翻译(详解4.15.5 RequestToViewNameTranslator)
if (mv != null && !mv.hasView()) {
    mv.setViewName(getDefaultViewName(request));
}
//3、处理器拦截器的后处理(逆序)
if (interceptors != null) {
for (int i = interceptors.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
      HandlerInterceptor interceptor = interceptors[i];
      interceptor.postHandle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler(), mv);
}
}
//4、视图的渲染
if (mv != null && !mv.wasCleared()) {
render(mv, processedRequest, response);
    if (errorView) {
        WebUtils.clearErrorRequestAttributes(request);
}
//5、触发整个请求处理完毕回调方法afterCompletion
triggerAfterCompletion(mappedHandler, interceptorIndex, processedRequest, response, null);



// triggerAfterCompletion方法
private void triggerAfterCompletion(HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler, int interceptorIndex,
            HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Exception ex) throws Exception {
        // 5、触发整个请求处理完毕回调方法afterCompletion (逆序从1.2中的预处理成功的索引处的拦截器执行)
        if (mappedHandler != null) {
            HandlerInterceptor[] interceptors = mappedHandler.getInterceptors();
            if (interceptors != null) {
                for (int i = interceptorIndex; i >= 0; i--) {
                    HandlerInterceptor interceptor = interceptors[i];
                    try {
                        interceptor.afterCompletion(request, response, mappedHandler.getHandler(), ex);
                    }
                    catch (Throwable ex2) {
                        logger.error("HandlerInterceptor.afterCompletion threw exception", ex2);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }


spring boot添加拦截器
  • 方法一
@SpringBootApplication
public class Application {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication application = new SpringApplication(Application.class);
        // application.addListeners(new ApplicationListenerEnvironmentPrepared());
        // application.addListeners(new ApplicationListenerFailed());
        // application.addListeners(new ApplicationListenerPrepared());
        // application.addListeners(new ApplicationListenerStarted());
        application.run(args);
    }

    @Configuration
    static class WebMvcConfigurer extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {

        public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
            registry.addInterceptor(new HandlerInterceptorAdapter() {

                @Override
                public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,
                                         Object handler) throws Exception {
                    request.getContextPath();
                    System.out.println("interceptor====");
                    return true;
                }
            }).addPathPatterns("/*");
        }
    }
}
  • 方法二
@Configuration
public class WebMvcConfigurer extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {

    public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
        registry.addInterceptor(new HandlerInterceptorAdapter() {

            @Override
            public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,
                                     Object handler) throws Exception {
                System.out.println("interceptor====222");
                return true;
            }
        }).addPathPatterns("/*");
    }
}

总结:只要能被springboot扫描到即可

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