Chaptrer 7 下
● WHAT’S YOU RDISCOUNT RATE?你的折扣率是多少？
● WILLPOWER EXPERIMENT:LOWER YOU RDISCOUNT RATE 意志力实验： 降低你的折扣率
● NO WEBSITE IS WORTH ADREAM 梦想比任何网站都值钱
● NO WAY OUT:THE VALUE OF PRECOMMITMENT 没有出路： 预 先承诺的价值
● WILLPOWER EXPERIMENT:PRECOMMIT YOUR FUTURE SELF 意志力实验： 对未来的自己做预先承诺
● MONEY MANAGEMENT FOR TEMPTED SELVES 为受到诱惑的自己理财
● MEET YOUR FUTURE SELF遇见未来的自己
● UNDER THEMICROSCOPE:ARE YOU WAITING FOR FUTURE YOU?深入刨析： 你在等未来的自己吗？
● A DENTAL PHOBIC STOPS WAITING FOR A FUTURE DENTIST-LOVING SELF TO SHOW UP 怕看牙医的人不再等待未来爱看牙医的自己出现
● WHY THE FUTURE FEELS DIFFERENT 为什么未来看起来不一样？
● AFUND-RAISER USES FUTURE-SELF OPTIMISM FOR GOOD 资金筹集人巧妙利用未来自己的乐观精神
● WHEN YOUR FUTURE SELF IS A STRANGER 未来的自己成了陌生人
● WILL POWER EXPERIMENT:MEET YOUR FUTURE SELF 意志力实验： 遇见未来的自己
►► words and phrases
（1）measure
n. 测量；措施；程度；尺寸
vt. 测量；估量；权衡
vi. 测量；估量
过去式 measured过去分词 measured现在分词 measuring
measure sth by sth 通过...来衡量
measure sb/sth against sb/sth 将…与…作比较
原句：This individual difference-whether measured in childhood or later years—plays a major role in how our lives turn out. 个体差异会在今后的生活中扮演重要多的角色，无论这种差异是在童年时期还是在以后测量出来的。
仿写：It's unreasonable that education is measured purely by examination results.
（2）immutable [ɪ'mjuːtəb(ə)l]
adj. 不变的；不可变的；不能变的
同义词：constant ，permanent，steady
immutably adv
immutability n
原句：Fortunately , a person’s discount rate is not an immutable law of physics.
仿写：Once you begin to train your brain ,you will find the fact that the brain isn't immutable.
（3）lower ['ləʊə]
vt. 减弱，减少；放下，降下；贬低 （reduce 减少;move down 降下）
vi. 降低；减弱；跌落
adj. 下游的；下级的；下等的
lower oneself 失身份；自甘堕落
原句：It can be lowered just by changing how you think about your choices.
仿写：You shouldn't lower oneself no matter what you are facing
(4 ) access ['ækses]
vt. 使用；存取；接近
n. 进入；使用权；通路
过去式 accessed，过去分词 accessed，现在分词 accessing
access control 访问控制
have access to 使用；接近；可以利用
internet access 互联网接入
原句：Why do we treat our future selves like different people? Part of the problem lies in our inability to access our future selves' thoughts and feelings.
仿句：We can have access to this data for solving the problem.
( 5 ) identical [aɪ'dentɪk(ə)l]
adj. 同一的；完全相同的
n. 完全相同的事物
identical with 与…相同
原句：When reflecting on the future self, the brain’s activation is identical to when it is considering the traits of another person.
仿写：My opinion is identical with his in this matter.
►►Sentence
① I’d like to introduce you to two people I think you’ll really get along with. This first is You. You is prone to procrastination, has trouble controlling impulses, and doesn’t really like to exercise, finish up paperwork, or do the laundry. The second is, urn, also named You. For convenience, let’s call this person You 2.0. You 2.0 has no trouble with procrastination because You 2. o has boundless energy for all tasks, no matter how boring or difficult.Future you always has more time, more energy, and more willpower than present you.
我想介绍两个人给你认识。我想，你一定会和他们相处愉快。第一个人叫“你”。“你”容易拖延，没办法控制冲动，不怎么喜欢运动、完成文书工作或洗衣服。第二个人也叫“你”。为了方便区分，我们称之为“你2.0”。未来的你总是比现在的你有更多的时间、更多的能量和更强的意志力。
When choosing for their present selves, they took the immediate reward. But they expected their future selves-and other students—to delay gratification.
Thinking so highly of our future selves would be fine if we could really count on our future selves to behave so nobly. But more typically, when we get to the future, our ideal future self is nowhere to be found, and our same old self is left making the decisions. Even as we’re in the middle of a self-control conflict, we foolishly expect that our future selves will be uncon-flicted. The future self keeps being pushed into the future, like a deus ex machina that will emerge to save us from our present selves in the very last act.
② 在为现在的自己做选择时，他们选择的是即时的奖励。但他们希望未来的自己（和接下来的被试者）延迟获得满足感。
如果我们真的指望未来的自己能这么崇高，我们确实可以相信，未来的自己能做好所有的事。但更典型的情况是，当我们到了未来，理想中“未来的自己”却不见了，最后作决定的还是毫无改变的曾经的自己。即便我们现在已经失去了自控力，我们仍然愚蠢地希望未来的自己不会面临冲突。“未来的自己”会被你一直推向未来，就像“天降救星”（deus ex machina）一样，在最后的时刻出现，拯救那时的自己。
③ Is there an important change or task you're putting off, hoping that a future you with more willpower will show up? Do you optimistically overcommit yourself to responsibilities, only to find yourself overwhelmed by impossible demands? Do you talk yourself out of something today, telling yourself that you’ll feel more like it tomorrow?
你是否在推迟重要的变化或任务，等待自控力更强的未来的自己出现？你是不是乐观地让自己承担过多的责任，最后却被不可能的任务打倒了？你今天有没有不去做什么事，因为明天你会更想去做那件事？
④ Why do we treat our future selves like different people? Part of the problem lies in our inability to access our future selves' thoughts and feelings. When we think of our future selves, our future needs and emotions don't feel as real and pressing as our present desires. The thoughts and feelings that shape our present selves’ decisions aren't triggered until we feel the immediacy of an opportunity.
为什么我们会把未来的自己视为另一个人呢？原因在于，我们不知道未来自己的想法和感受。当我们想到未来的自己时，我们的欲望不会像现在一样紧迫，情绪不会像现在一样真切。直到我们真的需要选择的时候，我们才会知道。
⑤ When reflecting on the future self, the brain’s activation is identical to when it is considering the traits of another person.The brain’s habit of treating the future self like another person has major consequences for self-control. Studies show that the less active your brain’s self-reflection system is when you contemplate your future self, the more likely you are to say “screw you” to future you, and “yes” to immediate gratification.
当我们考虑未来的自己时，大脑的活动和我们考虑别人的特征时如出一辙。大脑会把未来的自己当成别人，这种习惯对自控力影响极大。研究发现，当你想到未来的自己时，大脑中越是想不到自己，你就越可能对未来的自己说“去你的”，也就越可能对即时的满足感说“好”。
⑥ A measure of“future-self continuity”：the degree to which you see your future self as essentially the same person as your current self. Not everyone views the future self as a total stranger: some of us feel quite close and connected to our future selves. Figure 1 illustrates the wide range of relationships people have to their future selves.
“未来自我的连续性”测量方法：你在多大的程度上认为，未来的自己在本质上和现在的自己是一样的。不是所有人都会把未来的自己看成彻底的陌生人，有些人会觉得和未来的自己很亲近，联系很紧密。
⑦ Getting to know their future selves made the students more willing to invest in them—and, by extension, themselves.You can help yourself make wiser choices by sending yourself to the future.
认识未来的自己，让学生们更愿意为未来的自己投资，也就是为他们自己投资。你可以把自己送到未来，帮助自己作出更明智的选择。
1. Create a Future Memory. Neuroscientists at the University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf in Germany have shown that imagining the future helps people delay gratification.When you picture the future, the brain begins to think more concretely and immediately about the consequences of your present choices. The more real and vivid the future feels, the more likely you are to make a decision that your future self won’t regret.
1.创造一个未来的记忆。德国汉堡-埃普多夫中心医科大学的神经科学家研究发现，想象未来可以让人延迟满足感。当你想象未来的图景时，大脑就会更具体、更直接地思考你现在选择的结果。你想象的未来图景越真实、越生动，你做的决定就越不会让你在未来后悔。
2. Send a Message to Your Future Self.Describe to your future self what you are going to do now to help yourself meet your long-term goals.
2.给未来的自己发条信息。向未来的自己描述一下自己现在将要做什么，有助于你实现长期目标。
3. Imagine Your Future Self.Studies show that imagining your future self can increase your present self 's willpower.
3.想象一下未来的自己。研究发现，想象未来的自己能增强你现在的意志力。
—— 启 发 ——
读完今天的文章，两句话浮现出来：
第一句话说：我们往往高估了十年后能做的事，却低估了一年内能做的事情。
第二句话说：我们往往高估了我们一年以内能做的事，却低估了十年后能够做得到的事。
这两句话，都是网络里面曾经比较火的话语，孰是孰非，不同的场景，两句话各显深意，就像一个单词或者短语不能脱离场景和语境来理解一样。再多拿来的道理都不如问自己：我想要的道理是什么样的？所以，要和过去的自己、现在的自己、未来的自己深刻对话。
寄希望于未来而忽视当下确实是我们很多时候常用的短效的麻醉剂，一定程度上有点像饮鸩止渴。我始终相信，“如何过今天，如何过一生”，这不是累积原理，应该是个人人生价值观，一个人的价值观会随着学习不断改变，但是巨大的改变常常来自于巨大的事情发生。就像昨天晚上看到海德格尔说的一句话："向死而生。只有死亡的鼻尖才能让我们感受到生的紧迫。一旦死亡的阴影稍稍放下他的爪子，我们立刻恢复自己的败家子本性。骄纵，懒惰，懦弱，缩在自我的临时棚户里得过且过，偶尔避想窗外远处的地平线上，有一个自我在勇敢奔跑，脚下的道路充满危险并因危险而瑰丽....",我们如何做自我生活管理？生命管理？时间管理？一定程度上取决于我们的心智和生命价值观，这会决定我们今天如何度过，如何看待未来的自己。 李笑来《把时间当朋友》一书曾给过我特别大的启发，让我对时间管理有了全新的认知，那就是时间管理与心智的关系。对于人性本懒的我们，要想纯粹通过硬邦邦的时间管理工具和理论，很难真正做好时间管理；关于自控力同样如此，很难通过硬性的规则和工具、方法实现长久的改变，要想实现长久的改变，必须让心智不断的成长。这种心智的成长决定了我们如何看过去、现在和未来；以及如何看自己和他人，自然和宇宙。
一个人，如果对身体这台精密仪器都不了解，没有认知，你不知道它怎么运转，那怎么可能坚持下来保持锻炼？怎么能够和未来的自己产生亲近的联系呢？
一个人，如果对各种生活模式和版本大脑没有概念，没有蓝图，那又怎么可能设计出未来的生活场景呢，又如何来做当前和未来的生活规划呢？
“你”和“你2.0”无限接近的版本，一定程度上取决于我们的心智。而心智的成长成熟依靠于我们每日的不断精进和不断的学习提升。感谢今日文章引发我的思考，这便也是我自己对自己的鼓励和鞭策，不去做白日梦患者，设想未来的高大上；而是过好每日精进的今天，去创造未来自己的版本！不能只是做知识的输入者，同时也要做输出者，只有输入和输出同时做，思维才能像活水一样流动起来。所以，无论思考是什么，记录下来...
►►Summary
There are two of you, the first is called “You”，the second is called "You 2.0".We often confuse the current self by Imagining the beautiful future self.But we konw the fact that when we get to the future, our ideal future self is nowhere to be found, and our same old self is left making the decisions. we need to better understand and support our future selves,at the same time,we should strive to promote the mental level of self now.
We can through some ways to increase our present self 's willpower,such as creating a future memory,sending a message to our future self or Imagining our future self.
Maybe i can try to send myself to the future constantly.