iOS Appearance用法

iOS 5及其以后提供了一个比较强大的工具UIAppearance,我们通过UIAppearance设置一些UI的全局效果,这样就可以很方便的实现UI的自定义效果又能最简单的实现统一界面风格,但是需要注意使用细则:

1、控件遵守了UIAppearance协议,才能对控件进行appearance设置
2、只有被UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR这个宏修饰的属性才能使用appearance进行设置,其他属性则不具备该功能
3、appearance设置需要在该控制显示之前设置完成,否则可能无效

它提供如下两个方法:

+ (id)appearance;

这个方法是统一全部改,比如你设置UINavigationBar的tintColor,你可以这样写:

[[UINavigationBar appearance] setTintColor:myColor];

+ (id)appearanceWhenContainedIn:(Class <>)ContainerClass,...

这个方法可设置某个类的改变,例如:
设置UIBarButtonItem 在UINavigationBar、UIPopoverController、UITabbar中的效果,就可以这样写:

[[UIBarButtonItem appearanceWhenContainedIn:[UINavigationBar class], 
  [UIPopoverController class],[UITabbar class],nil] setTintColor:myColor];

请注意:使用appearance设置UI效果最好采用全局的设置,在所有界面初始化前开始设置,否则可能失效。

具体UI外观修改如下:

1.修改导航栏背景
代码如下:

UINavigationBar * appearance = [UINavigationBar appearance];
UIImage *navBgImg =[UIImage imageNamed:@"bgImage"];

[appearance setBackgroundImage:navBgImg forBarMetrics:
  UIBarMetricsDefault];


2.标签栏(UITabbar)
代码如下:

UITabBar *appearance = [UITabBar appearance];
//设置背景图片
[appearance setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"bgImage"]];
//设置选择item的背景图片
UIImage * selectedImage =[[UIImage imageNamed:@"sliderImage"]
  resizableImageWithCapInsets:UIEdgeInsetsMake(2, 2, 2, 2)] ;
[appearance setSelectionIndicatorImage:selectedImage];


3.分段控件(UISegmentControl)
代码如下:

UISegmentedControl *appearance = [UISegmentedControl appearance];

//Segmenteg正常背景
[appearance setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"image"]
                      forState:UIControlStateNormal
                    barMetrics:UIBarMetricsDefault];

//Segmente选中背景
[appearance setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"bgImage"]
                     forState:UIControlStateSelected
                   barMetrics:UIBarMetricsDefault];

/*
Segmente左右都未选中时的分割线
BarMetrics表示navigation bar的状态,UIBarMetricsDefault 表示
portrait状态(44pixel height),UIBarMetricsLandscapePhone 
表示landscape状态(32pixel height
*/

[appearance setDividerImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"line"]
        forLeftSegmentState:UIControlStateNormal
          rightSegmentState:UIControlStateNormal
                 barMetrics:UIBarMetricsDefault];

[appearance setDividerImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"line"]
        forLeftSegmentState:UIControlStateSelected
          rightSegmentState:UIControlStateNormal
                 barMetrics:UIBarMetricsDefault];

[appearance setDividerImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"line"]
        forLeftSegmentState:UIControlStateNormal
          rightSegmentState:UIControlStateSelected
                 barMetrics:UIBarMetricsDefault];

//字体
NSDictionary *textAtt1 = @{ 
NSFontAttributeName: [UIFont systemFontOfSize:18], 
NSForegroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor blueColor], 
NSShadowAttributeName: [UIColor whiteColor]};

[appearance setTitleTextAttributes:textAtt1 forState:1];

NSDictionary *textAtt2 = @{ 
NSFontAttributeName: [UIFont systemFontOfSize:18],
NSForegroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor blueColor], 
NSShadowAttributeName: [UIColor whiteColor]};

[appearance setTitleTextAttributes:textAtt2 forState:0];


4.UIBarbutton
注意:UIBarbutton有leftBarButton,rightBarButton和backBarButton,其中backBarButton由于带有箭头,需要单独设置。barButton背景设置是ios6.0及以后的,而backbutton是ios5.0及以后的,这里要注意!

代码如下:

//修改导航条上的UIBarButtonItem
UIBarButtonItem *appearance = [UIBarButtonItem appearanceWhenContainedIn:
  [UINavigationBar class], nil];

//设置导航栏的字体包括backBarButton和leftBarButton,rightBarButton的字体
NSDictionary *textAttributes = @{ 
NSFontAttributeName: [UIFont systemFontOfSize:18], 
NSForegroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor blueColor], 
NSShadowAttributeName: [UIColor whiteColor]};

[appearance setTitleTextAttributes:textAttributes forState:1];
//forState为0时为下正常状态,为1时为点击状态。

//修改leftBarButton,rightBarButton背景效果
[appearance setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"image"]
                      forState:UIControlStateNormal
                         style:UIBarButtonItemStyleBordered
                    barMetrics:UIBarMetricsDefault];

[appearance setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"image"]
                      forState:UIControlStateHighlighted
                         style:UIBarButtonItemStyleBordered
                    barMetrics:UIBarMetricsDefault];

//backBarButton需要单独设置背景效果,只能在ios6.0以后才能用
[appearance setBackButtonBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"bgImage"]
                                forState:0
                              barMetrics:UIBarMetricsDefault];

[appearance setBackButtonBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"image"]
                                forState:1
                              barMetrics:UIBarMetricsDefault];

[appearance setBackButtonTitlePositionAdjustment:UIOffsetMake(2, -1)
                                   forBarMetrics:UIBarMetricsDefault];

5.工具栏(UIToolbar)

UIToolbar *appearance = [UIToolbar appearance];
//样式和背景二选一即可,看需求了
//样式(黑色半透明,不透明等)设置
[appearance setBarStyle:UIBarStyleBlackTranslucent];
//背景设置
[appearance setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"bgImage"]
            forToolbarPosition:UIToolbarPositionAny
                    barMetrics:UIBarMetricsDefault];

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