python 将字符串转化为字典

在工作中遇到一个小问题,需要将一个 python 的字符串转为字典,比如字符串:

user_info = '{"name" : "john", "gender" : "male", "age": 28}'

我们想把它转为下面的字典:

user_dict = {"name" : "john", "gender" : "male", "age": 28}

有以下几种方法:

1、通过 json 来转换

>>> import json >>> user_info= '{"name" : "john", "gender" : "male", "age": 28}'
>>> user_dict = json.loads(user_info) >>> user_dict
{u'gender': u'male', u'age': 28, u'name': u'john'}

但是使用 json 进行转换存在一个潜在的问题。

由于 json 语法规定 数组或对象之中的字符串必须使用双引号,不能使用单引号 (官网上有一段描述是 “A string is a sequence of zero or more Unicode characters, wrapped in double quotes, using backslash escapes” ),因此下面的转换是错误的:

[
复制代码

](javascript:void(0); "复制代码")

>>> import json >>> user_info = "{'name' : 'john', 'gender' : 'male', 'age': 28}"

由于字符串使用单引号,会导致运行出错

user_dict = json.loads(user_info)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "", line 1, in File "/usr/local/Cellar/python/2.7.11/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/json/init.py", line 339, in loads return _default_decoder.decode(s)
File "/usr/local/Cellar/python/2.7.11/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/json/decoder.py", line 364, in decode
obj, end = self.raw_decode(s, idx=_w(s, 0).end())
File "/usr/local/Cellar/python/2.7.11/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/json/decoder.py", line 380, in raw_decode
obj, end = self.scan_once(s, idx)
ValueError: Expecting property name: line 1 column 2 (char 1)

[
复制代码

](javascript:void(0); "复制代码")

2、通过 eval

[
复制代码

](javascript:void(0); "复制代码")

>>> user_info = '{"name" : "john", "gender" : "male", "age": 28}'

user_dict = eval(user_info) >>> user_dict
{'gender': 'male', 'age': 28, 'name': 'john'} >>> user_info = "{'name' : 'john', 'gender' : 'male', 'age': 28}"
user_dict = eval(user_info) >>> user_dict
{'gender': 'male', 'age': 28, 'name': 'john'}

[
复制代码

](javascript:void(0); "复制代码")

通过 eval 进行转换就不存在上面使用 json 进行转换的问题。但是,使用 eval 却存在安全性的问题,比如下面的例子:

[
复制代码

](javascript:void(0); "复制代码")

# 让用户输入 user_info

user_info = raw_input('input user info: ') # 输入 {"name" : "john", "gender" : "male", "age": 28},没问题
user_dict = eval(user_info) # 输入 import('os').system('dir'),user_dict 会列出当前的目录文件! # 再输入一些删除命令,则可以把整个目录清空了!
user_dict = eval(user_info)

[
复制代码

](javascript:void(0); "复制代码")

3、通过 literal_eval

[
复制代码

](javascript:void(0); "复制代码")

>>> import ast >>> user = '{"name" : "john", "gender" : "male", "age": 28}'

user_dict = ast.literal_eval(user) >>> user_dict
{'gender': 'male', 'age': 28, 'name': 'john'}
user_info = "{'name' : 'john', 'gender' : 'male', 'age': 28}"
user_dict = ast.literal_eval(user) >>> user_dict
{'gender': 'male', 'age': 28, 'name': 'john'}

你可能感兴趣的:(python 将字符串转化为字典)