WinCE数据通讯之Web Service篇
准备写个WinCE平台与数据库服务器数据通讯交互方面的专题文章，今天先整理个Web Service通讯方式。
公司目前的硬件产品平台是WinCE5.0，数据通讯是连接服务器与终端的桥梁，关系着终端的数据能否准确及时高效抵达服务器，是整个项目成败的关键。原先公司有同事用VC写过一个程序用Socket进行数据通讯，但一直问题不断。年前我开始探索用SqlCE与SqlServer数据同步方式进行数据上传与下载，通讯已经正常稳定。这方面的文章后续再整理。
Web Service用于PC间通讯的文章网上有很多，但用于WinCE平台调用的经验总结并不多见。Web Service的程序编写与配置调用相对来讲比较简单，Visual Studio里直接新建一个“Asp.net web 服务应用程序”就可以创建一个web Service项目了。其中的代码根据实际需求编写就行，这方面就不详述了。
终端设备是通过GPRS来进行数据传输的，因此，数据流量是非常重要的问题，应当尽可能少的减少数据传输，流量可是Money
，压缩技术是关键。Google大法，找到了一款物美价廉的东东-Ihttp://www.icsharpcode.net/OpenSource/SharpZipLib/Default.aspx 所谓物美是这款代码支持Dot net CF平台，所谓价廉是这款代码完全开源免费。
操刀开工。。。先建一个直接返回DataSet集的Web Service服务
private SqlConnection Conn; private string ConnString = "Data Source=(local);Initial Catalog=Northwind;uid=sa;pwd=sa;"; dataConnection#region dataConnection private DataSet GetNorthwindDataSet() { return ExecuteSql("select * from Employees"); } private DataSet ExecuteSql(string mysql) { DataSet dataSet = new DataSet(); SqlDataAdapter adapter = new SqlDataAdapter(mysql, this.Conn); try { if (this.Conn.State == ConnectionState.Closed) { this.Conn.Open(); } adapter.Fill(dataSet, "table"); } catch (Exception exception) { HttpContext.Current.Response.Write(exception.Message); HttpContext.Current.Response.End(); } finally { if ((this.Conn != null) && (this.Conn.State == ConnectionState.Open)) { this.Conn.Close(); } adapter.Dispose(); } return dataSet; } #endregion //方法一:直接返回 DataSet 对象 [WebMethod(Description = "直接返回 DataSet 对象。")] public DataSet GetDataSet() { DataSet dataSet = GetNorthwindDataSet(); return dataSet; }
建立一个智能设备应用程序，添加Web引用，我这里用的是静态引用，没有用动态引用的原因是，试过网上的动态生成WebService引用的代码，效率远比静态引用要低很多，考虑终端设备资源的有限性，还是用的静态引用。建立好项目后在界面上添加一个button和datagrid控件，添加代码：
private webSer.Service1 ws; private void FrmMain_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { ws = new DeviceApplication1.webSer.Service1(); } //webmethod直接返回dataset private void btnDataSet_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { try { this.dtGrid.DataSource = null; DateTime dtBegin = DateTime.Now; DataSet ds = ws.GetDataSet(); DateTime dtDown = DateTime.Now; this.dtGrid.DataSource = ds.Tables[0]; MessageBox.Show(string.Format("下载耗时：{0}，绑定数据耗时：{1}，数据量：{2}", dtDown - dtBegin, DateTime.Now - dtDown, ds.GetXml().Length)); } catch (Exception ex) { MessageBox.Show(ex.ToString()); } }
连接好终端设备，测试点击按钮，几秒后DataGrid表格正确显示数据，OK，说明WinCE已经能够正确调用Web Service了。如果不能正确调用，检察WebService发布与Web引用是否正确，数据库配置是否正确。
接下来就是要把数据进行压缩了，压缩前要进行数据的序列化，序列化代码如下：
/**//// <summary> /// 序列化数据成byte[] /// </summary> /// <param name="o">未序列化的数据</param> /// <returns>返回序列化后的byte[]数组</returns> public static byte[] byteXmlSerializer(object o) { if (o == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("null input"); } try { System.Xml.Serialization.XmlSerializer ser = new System.Xml.Serialization.XmlSerializer(o.GetType()); System.IO.MemoryStream mem = new MemoryStream(); System.Xml.XmlTextWriter writer = new System.Xml.XmlTextWriter(mem, Encoding.Default); ser.Serialize(writer, o); writer.Close(); return mem.ToArray(); } catch (Exception ex) { throw ex; } } /**//// <summary> /// 反序列化数据 /// </summary> /// <param name="input">序列化后的数据</param> /// <param name="type">被序列化的数据类型</param> /// <returns>返回反序列化后的object数据</returns> public static object objXmlDeserialize(byte[] input, Type type) { if (input == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("null input"); } try { XmlSerializer mySerializer = new XmlSerializer(type); StreamReader stmRead = new StreamReader(new MemoryStream(input), System.Text.Encoding.Default); return mySerializer.Deserialize(stmRead); } catch (Exception ex) { throw ex; } }
ICSharpCode提供了多种数据压缩的方式，我这里测试了四种方式：BZip，Deflate，GZip，Zip
private static int buffSize = 2048;//指定压缩块缓存的大小，一般为2048的倍数 /**//// <summary> /// BZIP2压缩数据 /// </summary> /// <param name="input">原始未压缩数据</param> /// <returns>压缩后的byte[]数据</returns> public static byte[] BZipCompress(byte[] input) { if (input == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("null input"); } try { //int buffSize = 2048;//指定压缩块的大小，一般为2048的倍数 using (MemoryStream outmsStrm = new MemoryStream()) { using (MemoryStream inmsStrm = new MemoryStream(input)) { BZip2.Compress(inmsStrm, outmsStrm, buffSize); } return outmsStrm.ToArray(); } } catch (Exception ex) { throw ex; } } /**//// <summary> /// 解压缩BZIP2数据 /// </summary> /// <param name="input">被BZIP2压缩过的byte[]数据</param> /// <returns>解压后的byte[]数据</returns> public static byte[] BZipDeCompress(byte[] input) { if (input == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("null input"); } try { using (MemoryStream outmsStrm = new MemoryStream()) { using (MemoryStream inmsStrm = new MemoryStream(input)) { BZip2.Decompress(inmsStrm, outmsStrm); } return outmsStrm.ToArray(); } } catch (Exception ex) { throw (ex); } } /**//// <summary> /// 压缩Deflater数据 /// </summary> /// <param name="input">待压缩byte[]数据</param> /// <returns>返回压缩后的byte[]</returns> public static byte[] DeflaterCompress(byte[] input) { if (input == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("null input"); } try { Deflater mDeflater = new Deflater(Deflater.BEST_COMPRESSION); //int buffSize = 2048;//131072 buff size using (MemoryStream outmsStrm = new MemoryStream()) { using (DeflaterOutputStream mStream = new DeflaterOutputStream(outmsStrm, mDeflater, buffSize)) { mStream.Write(input, 0, input.Length); } return outmsStrm.ToArray(); } } catch (Exception ex) { throw (ex); } } /**//// <summary> /// 解压缩Deflater数据 /// </summary> /// <param name="input">压缩过的byte[]数据</param> /// <returns>解压后的byte[]数据</returns> public static byte[] DeflaterDeCompress(byte[] input) { if (input == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("null input"); } try { Int32 mSize; //int buffSize = 2048; byte[] buff = new byte[buffSize]; using (MemoryStream outmsStrm = new MemoryStream()) { using (InflaterInputStream mStream = new InflaterInputStream(new MemoryStream(input))) { while (true) { mSize = mStream.Read(buff, 0, buff.Length); if (mSize > 0) { outmsStrm.Write(buff, 0, mSize); } else { break; } } } return outmsStrm.ToArray(); } } catch (Exception ex) { throw (ex); } } /**//// <summary> /// GZIP压缩 /// </summary> /// <param name="input">未压缩的数据</param> /// <returns>GZIP压缩后的数据</returns> public static byte[] GZipCompress(byte[] input) { if (input == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("null input"); } try { using (MemoryStream outmsStrm = new MemoryStream()) { using (GZipOutputStream gzip = new GZipOutputStream(outmsStrm)) { gzip.Write(input, 0, input.Length); } return outmsStrm.ToArray(); } } catch (Exception ex) { throw (ex); } } /**//// <summary> /// GZIP解压缩 /// </summary> /// <param name="input">压缩过的数据</param> /// <returns>解压后的数据</returns> public static byte[] GZipDeCompress(byte[] input) { if (input == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("null input"); } try { using (MemoryStream outmsStrm = new MemoryStream()) { using (GZipInputStream gzip = new GZipInputStream(new MemoryStream(input))) { Int32 mSize; //int buffSize = 2048; byte[] buff = new byte[buffSize]; while (true) { mSize = gzip.Read(buff, 0, buffSize); if (mSize > 0) { outmsStrm.Write(buff, 0, mSize); } else { break; } } } return outmsStrm.ToArray(); } } catch (Exception ex) { throw (ex); } } /**//// <summary> /// ZIP压缩数据 /// </summary> /// <param name="input">待压缩的数据</param> /// <returns>ZIP压缩后的数据</returns> public static byte[] ZipCompress(byte[] input) { if (input == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("null input"); } try { using (MemoryStream outmsStrm = new MemoryStream()) { using (ZipOutputStream zipStrm = new ZipOutputStream(outmsStrm)) { ZipEntry zn = new ZipEntry("znName"); zipStrm.PutNextEntry(zn); zipStrm.Write(input, 0, input.Length); } return outmsStrm.ToArray(); } } catch (Exception ex) { throw (ex); } } /**//// <summary> /// ZIP解压缩数据 /// </summary> /// <param name="input">压缩过的数据</param> /// <returns>解压后的数据</returns> public static byte[] ZipDeCompress(byte[] input) { if (input == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("null input"); } try { using (MemoryStream outmsStrm = new MemoryStream()) { using (ZipInputStream zipStrm = new ZipInputStream(new MemoryStream(input))) { Int32 mSize; //int buffSize = 2048; byte[] buff = new byte[buffSize]; ZipEntry zn = new ZipEntry("znName"); while ((zn = zipStrm.GetNextEntry()) != null) { while (true) { mSize = zipStrm.Read(buff, 0, buffSize); if (mSize > 0) { outmsStrm.Write(buff, 0, mSize); } else { break; } } } } return outmsStrm.ToArray(); } } catch (Exception ex) { throw (ex); } }
添加WebService服务
//方法二：返回 DataSet 对象用序列化后的byte[]字节数组 [WebMethod(Description = "返回 DataSet 对象用序列化后的byte[]字节数组。")] public byte[] GetDataSetBytes() { DataSet dataSet = GetNorthwindDataSet(); return ComZipClass.zip.byteXmlSerializer(dataSet); } //方法三返回 DataSet对象用序列化并Bzip压缩后的byte[]字节数组 [WebMethod(Description = "返回 DataSet对象用序列化并Bzip压缩后的byte[]字节数组。")] public byte[] GetBZiipCompress() { DataSet dataSet = GetNorthwindDataSet(); byte[] ser = ComZipClass.zip.byteXmlSerializer(dataSet); byte[] zip = ComZipClass.zip.BZipCompress(ser); return zip; } [WebMethod(Description = "返回Deflater压缩")] public byte[] GetDeflaterCompress() { DataSet dataSet = GetNorthwindDataSet(); byte[] ser = ComZipClass.zip.byteXmlSerializer(dataSet); //byte[] ser = ZipClass.zip.byteXmlSerializer(dataSet); byte[] zip = ComZipClass.zip.DeflaterCompress(ser); return zip; } [WebMethod(Description = "返回Gzip压缩")] public byte[] GetGZipCompress() { DataSet dataSet = GetNorthwindDataSet(); byte[] ser = ComZipClass.zip.byteXmlSerializer(dataSet); byte[] zip = ComZipClass.zip.GZipCompress(ser); return zip; } [WebMethod(Description = "返回Zip压缩")] public byte[] GetZipCompress() { DataSet dataSet = GetNorthwindDataSet(); byte[] ser = ComZipClass.zip.byteXmlSerializer(dataSet); byte[] zip = ComZipClass.zip.ZipCompress(ser); return zip; }
添加终端设备调用
//webmethod序列化数据 private void btnSerial_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { try { this.dtGrid.DataSource = null; DataSet ds = new DataSet(); DateTime dtBegin = DateTime.Now; byte[] datas = ws.GetDataSetBytes(); DateTime dtDown = DateTime.Now; ds = (DataSet)ComZipClass.zip.objXmlDeserialize(datas, typeof(DataSet)); DateTime dtSerial = DateTime.Now; this.dtGrid.DataSource = ds.Tables[0]; MessageBox.Show(string.Format("下载耗时：{0}，解压序列化数据耗时：{1}，绑定数据耗时：{2}，数据量：{3}", dtDown - dtBegin,dtSerial-dtDown, DateTime.Now - dtDown, datas.Length)); } catch (Exception ex) { MessageBox.Show(ex.ToString()); } } //序列化并压缩BZIP后数据 private void btnBZip_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { try { this.dtGrid.DataSource = null; DataSet ds = new DataSet(); DateTime dtBegin = DateTime.Now; byte[] datas = ws.GetBZiipCompress(); DateTime dtDown = DateTime.Now; byte[] uzip = ComZipClass.zip.BZipDeCompress(datas); DateTime dtUnzip = DateTime.Now; ds = (DataSet)ComZipClass.zip.objXmlDeserialize(uzip, typeof(DataSet)); DateTime dtSerial = DateTime.Now; this.dtGrid.DataSource = ds.Tables[0]; MessageBox.Show(string.Format("下载耗时：{0}，解压BZIP耗时：{1}，解压序列化耗时：{2}，绑定数据耗时：{3}，数据量：{4}", dtDown - dtBegin, dtUnzip - dtDown, dtSerial - dtUnzip, DateTime.Now - dtSerial, datas.Length)); } catch (Exception ex) { MessageBox.Show(ex.ToString()); } } //序列化并压缩Deflate后数据 private void btnDeflater_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { try { this.dtGrid.DataSource = null; DataSet ds = new DataSet(); DateTime dtBegin = DateTime.Now; byte[] datas = ws.GetDeflaterCompress(); DateTime dtDown = DateTime.Now; byte[] uzip = ComZipClass.zip.DeflaterDeCompress(datas); DateTime dtUnzip = DateTime.Now; ds = (DataSet)ComZipClass.zip.objXmlDeserialize(uzip, typeof(DataSet)); DateTime dtSerial = DateTime.Now; this.dtGrid.DataSource = ds.Tables[0]; MessageBox.Show(string.Format("下载耗时：{0}，解压Deflater耗时：{1}，解压序列化耗时：{2}，绑定数据耗时：{3}，数据量：{4}", dtDown - dtBegin, dtUnzip - dtDown, dtSerial - dtUnzip, DateTime.Now - dtSerial, datas.Length)); } catch (Exception ex) { MessageBox.Show(ex.ToString()); } } //序列化并压缩GZIP后数据 private void btnGZip_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { try { this.dtGrid.DataSource = null; DataSet ds = new DataSet(); DateTime dtBegin = DateTime.Now; byte[] datas = ws.GetGZipCompress(); DateTime dtDown = DateTime.Now; byte[] uzip = ComZipClass.zip.GZipDeCompress(datas); DateTime dtUnzip = DateTime.Now; ds = (DataSet)ComZipClass.zip.objXmlDeserialize(uzip, typeof(DataSet)); DateTime dtSerial = DateTime.Now; this.dtGrid.DataSource = ds.Tables[0]; MessageBox.Show(string.Format("下载耗时：{0}，解压GZIP耗时：{1}，解压序列化耗时：{2}，绑定数据耗时：{3}，数据量：{4}", dtDown - dtBegin, dtUnzip - dtDown, dtSerial - dtUnzip, DateTime.Now - dtSerial, datas.Length)); } catch (Exception ex) { MessageBox.Show(ex.ToString()); } } //序列化并压缩ZIP后数据 private void btnZip_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { try { this.dtGrid.DataSource = null; DataSet ds = new DataSet(); DateTime dtBegin = DateTime.Now; byte[] datas = ws.GetZipCompress(); DateTime dtDown = DateTime.Now; byte[] uzip = ComZipClass.zip.ZipDeCompress(datas); DateTime dtUnzip = DateTime.Now; ds = (DataSet)ComZipClass.zip.objXmlDeserialize(uzip, typeof(DataSet)); DateTime dtSerial = DateTime.Now; this.dtGrid.DataSource = ds.Tables[0]; MessageBox.Show(string.Format("下载耗时：{0}，解压ZIP耗时：{1}，解压序列化耗时：{2}，绑定数据耗时：{3}，数据量：{4}", dtDown - dtBegin, dtUnzip - dtDown, dtSerial - dtUnzip, DateTime.Now - dtSerial, datas.Length)); } catch (Exception ex) { MessageBox.Show(ex.ToString()); } }
几个测试压缩数据dataset :268128;serial:269199;bzip:94561;Deflater:107049;gzip:108276;zip:108408;