使用matlab绘制地图

• 当把东经西经换成小数表示时，北正南负、东正西负

创建 axes

worldmap

%1
ax = worldmap('France')
%2
ax = worldmap({'Africa','India'})
%3
ax = worldmap([25 50],[-130 -65]);
%4
load korea			  % Map of terrain elevations in Korea
ax = worldmap(map, refvec);

加载数据

shaperead

%1
S = shaperead(FILENAME) returns an N-by-1 structure array,
%2
S = shaperead(filename,Name,Value, ...)
%3
[S, A] = shaperead(...)

S    An N-by-1 geographic data structure array containing an element for each non-null, spatial feature in the shapefile.
A    An N-by-1 attribute structure array, A, parallel to array S.

常用内置文件

文件名(.shp)	说明	数据结构
usastatelo	美国州行政区域划分	Polygon
landareas	世界的陆地形状	Polygon
worldcities	世界城市	Point
worldrivers	世界河流	Line
worldlakes	世界湖泊	Polygon

参数

name	value	details
UseGeoCoords	true、false	默认false，此时结构体中用X,Y表示坐标；若为true，结构体中用Lat、Lon表示坐标。
BoundingBox	[xmin,ymin;xmax,ymax] for map coordinates, [lonmin,latmin;lonmax,latmax] for geographic coordinates

数据结构

type	properties
Lines	‘Color’, ‘LineStyle’, ‘LineWidth’, and ‘Visible.’
Points or Multipoints	‘Marker’, ‘Color’, ‘MarkerEdgeColor’,‘MarkerFaceColor’,‘MarkerSize’, and ‘Visible.’
Polygons	‘FaceColor’, ‘FaceAlpha’, ‘LineStyle’, ‘LineWidth’, ‘EdgeColor’, ‘EdgeAlpha’, and ‘Visible.’

load

• load coast

显示地图元素

geoshow

• 第一个参数是ax和不是ax的区别

figure(1)
geoshow(ax, land, 'FaceColor', [0.5 0.7 0.5]);

figure(2)
geoshow(land, 'FaceColor', [0.5 0.7 0.5]);

• 数据是Polygon、Point、Line

states = shaperead('usastatelo', 'UseGeoCoords', true);
faceColors = makesymbolspec('Polygon',...
        {'INDEX', [1 numel(states)], 'FaceColor', polcmap(numel(states))});
geoshow(ax, states, 'DisplayType', 'polygon', 'SymbolSpec', faceColors)

rivers = shaperead('worldrivers', 'UseGeoCoords', true);
geoshow(rivers, 'Color', 'blue')

cities = shaperead('worldcities', 'UseGeoCoords', true);
geoshow(cities, 'Marker', '.', 'Color', 'red')

• 画线——数据是以经度数组、纬度数组

ax = worldmap('USA');
load coast
geoshow(ax, lat, long,...
        'DisplayType', 'polygon', 'FaceColor', [.45 .60 .30])

• 画点 —— 数据是以经度数组、纬度数组

例

TowerLon = -74.0;  %经度坐标  
TowerLat = 40.43;%纬度坐标  
%用红色标记绘制%埃菲尔铁塔  
geoshow(TowerLat, TowerLon, 'Marker','.','MarkerEdgeColor','red','MarkerSize',10)  

plotm 画线

• h = plotm(lat,lon)displays projected line objects on the current map axes.
• h = plotm(lat,lon,linetype) where linetype is a linespec that specifies the line style.
• h = plotm(lat,lon,PropertyName,PropertyValue,...) allows the specification of any number of property name/property value pairs for any properties recognized by the MATLAB line function except for XData, YData, and ZData.

格式、属性控制

makesymbolspec

construct vector symbolization specification

SYMBOLSPEC = makesymbolspec(GEOMETRY,RULE1,RULE2,...RULEN)

• GEOMETRY is one of ‘Point’, ‘MultiPoint’, ‘Line’, ‘Polygon’, or ‘Patch’
• To create a rule that applies to all features, a default rule, use the
  following syntax for RULEN:
  {'Default',Property1,Value1,Property2,Value2,...,PropertyN,ValueN}
• To create a rule that applies to only features that have a particular
  value or range of values for a specified attribute, use the following
  syntax:
  {AttributeName,AttributeValue,Property1,Value1,... Property2,Value2,...,PropertyN,ValueN}
  AttributeValue and ValueN can each be a two element vector, [low
  high], specifying a range. If AttributeValue is a range, ValueN may
  or may not be a range.
  allowable values for PropertyN

type	properties
Lines	‘Color’, ‘LineStyle’, ‘LineWidth’, and ‘Visible.’
Points or Multipoints	‘Marker’, ‘Color’, ‘MarkerEdgeColor’,‘MarkerFaceColor’,‘MarkerSize’, and ‘Visible.’
Polygons	‘FaceColor’, ‘FaceAlpha’, ‘LineStyle’, ‘LineWidth’, ‘EdgeColor’, ‘EdgeAlpha’, and ‘Visible.’

example:

%1
blueRoads = makesymbolspec('Line',{'Default','Color',[0 0 1]});
%2
roadColors = makesymbolspec('Line',{'CLASS',2,'Color','r'},...
                                       {'CLASS',3,'Color','g'},...
                                       {'CLASS',6,'Color','b'},...
                                       {'Default','Color','k'});
%3
lineStyle = makesymbolspec('Line',{'CLASS',[1 3],'LineStyle','-.'},...
                                      {'CLASS',[4 6],'LineStyle',':'});

例二：

clear all
ax = worldmap([25 50],[-130 -65]);
states = shaperead('usastatelo.shp', 'UseGeoCoords', true);

% 准备颜色数据
data = zeros(numel(states),3)
for i = 1:numel(states)
    data(i,:)=[1 1 1] * i/51
end

% 绘制
faceColors = makesymbolspec('Polygon',{'INDEX',[1 numel(states)], 'FaceColor',data})
geoshow(ax, states,'SymbolSpec', faceColors)
% geoshow(ax, states)

结果：

setm

• 设置坐标原点 setm(ax, ‘Origin’, [20 30])