Spring--四种属性注入方式和复杂类型注入(数组、List、Map、prperties)详解

第一种:set方法注入

首先创建两个实体类 Car 和 User:

package pers.zhang.bean;

public class Car {
    private String  name;
    private String color;
    
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public String getColor() {
        return color;
    }
    public void setColor(String color) {
        this.color = color;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Car [name=" + name + ", color=" + color + "]";
    }
}
package pers.zhang.bean;

public class User {
    
    private String name;
    private Integer age;
    private Car car;
    
    public Car getCar() {
        return car;
    }
    public void setCar(Car car) {
        this.car = car;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }
    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", car=" + car + "]";
    }
}

在applicationContext.xml中进行配置:




    
    
        
        
        
        
        
    
    
    
    
        
        
    

创建测试方法:

package pers.zhang.test;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import pers.zhang.bean.User;

public class Demo {
    @Test
    public void fun1(){
        
        //1 创建容器对象
        ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        //2 向容器"要"user对象
        User u = (User) ac.getBean("user");
        //3 打印user对象
        System.out.println(u);
    }
}

运行JUnit测试输出:

User [name=tom, age=18, car=Car [name=保时捷, color=红色]]

第二种方式:构造函数注入

首先,为User类添加3个构造函数:

package pers.zhang.bean;

public class User {
    
    private String name;
    private Integer age;
    private Car car;
    
    public User(String name, Car car) {
        System.out.println("User(String name, Car car)!!");
        this.name = name;
        this.car = car;
    }
    
    public User(Car car,String name) {
        System.out.println("User(Car car,String name)!!");
        this.name = name;
        this.car = car;
    }
    
    public User(Integer name, Car car) {
        System.out.println("User(Integer name, Car car)!!");
        this.name = name+"";
        this.car = car;
    }
    
    public Car getCar() {
        return car;
    }
    public void setCar(Car car) {
        this.car = car;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }
    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", car=" + car + "]";
    }
}

applicationContext.xml配置:
index:用于确定参数的位置
type:用于确定参数的类型
这两个属性可以完全确定一个构造函数。




    
    
        
        
    

    
   
    
      
      
   

测试方法:

package pers.zhang.test;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import pers.zhang.bean.User;

public class Demo {
    @Test
    public void fun2(){
        
        //1 创建容器对象
        ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        //2 向容器"要"user对象
        User u = (User) ac.getBean("user2");
        //3 打印user对象
        System.out.println(u);
        
    }
}

运行JUnit测试输出:

User(Integer name, Car car)!!
User [name=24, age=null, car=Car [name=保时捷, color=红色]]
第三种方式:P名称空间注入(Spring2.x版本后提供的方式)

其本质还是调空参构造,使用set方法注入。
所以我们为User添加一个显式的空参构造:

package pers.zhang.bean;

public class User {
    
    private String name;
    private Integer age;
    private Car car;
    
    public User() {
        super();
    }

    public User(String name, Car car) {
        System.out.println("User(String name, Car car)!!");
        this.name = name;
        this.car = car;
    }
    
    public User(Car car,String name) {
        System.out.println("User(Car car,String name)!!");
        this.name = name;
        this.car = car;
    }
    
    public User(Integer name, Car car) {
        System.out.println("User(Integer name, Car car)!!");
        this.name = name+"";
        this.car = car;
    }
    
    public Car getCar() {
        return car;
    }
    public void setCar(Car car) {
        this.car = car;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }
    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", car=" + car + "]";
    }
}

一定记得引入p名称空间!

xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"

applicationContext.xml配置:




    
    
        
        
    


    

测试方法:

package pers.zhang.test;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import pers.zhang.bean.User;

public class Demo {
    @Test
    public void fun3(){
        
        //1 创建容器对象
        ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        //2 向容器"要"user对象
        User u = (User) ac.getBean("user3");
        //3 打印user对象
        System.out.println(u);
        
    }
}

运行JUnit测试输出:

User [name=Jack, age=20, car=Car [name=保时捷, color=红色]]

第四种方式:SpEL注入(Spring Expression Language):

如果存在此种需求:取其他对象的属性值来创建新的对象,就可以使用SpEL。
SpEL类似于EL表达式,格式为 #{ }。
需要注意的是,SpEL不支持引用类型注入。

applicationContext.xml配置:




    
    
        
        
        
        
        
    
    
    
    
        
        
    


    
        
        
        
    


测试方法:

package pers.zhang.test;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import pers.zhang.bean.User;

public class Demo {
    @Test
    public void fun4(){
        
        //1 创建容器对象
        ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        //2 向容器"要"user对象
        User u = (User) ac.getBean("user4");
        //3 打印user对象
        System.out.println(u);
        
    }
}

运行JUnit测试输出:

User [name=tom, age=18, car=Car [name=保时捷, color=红色]]

复杂类型注入(数组、List、Map、prperties)

创建一个CollectionBean类:

package pers.zhang.bean;

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Properties;

public class CollectionBean {
    private Object[] arr;//数组类型注入
    private List list;//list/set 类型注入
    private Map map;//map类型注入
    private Properties prop;//properties类型注入
    
    public Object[] getArr() {
        return arr;
    }
    public void setArr(Object[] arr) {
        this.arr = arr;
    }
    public List getList() {
        return list;
    }
    public void setList(List list) {
        this.list = list;
    }
    public Map getMap() {
        return map;
    }
    public void setMap(Map map) {
        this.map = map;
    }
    public Properties getProp() {
        return prop;
    }
    public void setProp(Properties prop) {
        this.prop = prop;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "CollectionBean [arr=" + Arrays.toString(arr) + ", list=" + list + ", map=" + map + ", prop=" + prop
                + "]";
    }
}
  • 数组注入:
  1. 如果只向数组中注入一个值(对象),可以直接使用 value | ref 即可。




    
    
        
        
    


  1. 如果向数组中注入多个值(对象):



    
    
        
        
        
        
        
    

    
        
        
    

    
    
        
        
            
            
                tom
                jerry
                
            
        
    

测试方法:

package pers.zhang.test;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import pers.zhang.bean.CollectionBean;

public class Demo {
    @Test
    public void fun5(){
        
        //1 创建容器对象
        ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        //2 向容器"要"cb对象
        CollectionBean cb = (CollectionBean) ac.getBean("cb");
        //3 打印cb对象
        System.out.println(cb);
        
    }
}

运行JUnit测试输出:

CollectionBean [arr=[tom, jerry, User [name=tom, age=18, car=Car [name=保时捷, color=红色]]], 
                list=null, 
                map=null,
                prop=null]
  • List注入
    List与数组相似,如果只注入一个值(对象)使用value | ref 即可。此处不再举例。
    注入多个值(对象)配置如下:




    
    
        
        
        
        
        
    

    
        
        
    


  
    
        
        
            
                jack
                rose
                
            
        
    


测试方法:

package pers.zhang.test;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import pers.zhang.bean.CollectionBean;

public class Demo {
    @Test
    public void fun5(){
        
        //1 创建容器对象
        ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        //2 向容器"要"cb对象
        CollectionBean cb = (CollectionBean) ac.getBean("cb");
        //3 打印cb对象
        System.out.println(cb);
        
    }
}

运行JUnit测试输出:

CollectionBean [arr=null, 
                list=[jack, rose, User [name=tom, age=18, car=Car [name=保时捷, color=红色]]], 
                map=null, 
                prop=null]
  • Map注入:




    
    
        
        
        
        
        
    

      
        
        
        
        
        
    

    
        
        
    


  
    
       
        
            
                
                
                
                
                
                
             
        
    


测试方法:

package pers.zhang.test;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import pers.zhang.bean.CollectionBean;

public class Demo {
    @Test
    public void fun5(){
        
        //1 创建容器对象
        ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        //2 向容器"要"cb对象
        CollectionBean cb = (CollectionBean) ac.getBean("cb");
        //3 打印cb对象
        System.out.println(cb);
        
    }
}

运行JUnit测试输出:

CollectionBean [arr=null,
               list=null, 
               map={url=jdbc:mysql:///crm, 
                   user=User [name=tom, age=18, car=Car [name=保时捷, color=红色]], 
                    User [name=Jerry, age=10, car=Car [name=保时捷, color=红色]]=User [name=Jerry, age=10, car=Car [name=保时捷, color=红色]]}, 
               prop=null]
  • Property注入



    
    
    
    
        
            com.jdbc.mysql.Driver
            root
            1234
        
    


测试方法:

package pers.zhang.test;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import pers.zhang.bean.CollectionBean;

public class Demo {
    @Test
    public void fun5(){
        
        //1 创建容器对象
        ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        //2 向容器"要"cb对象
        CollectionBean cb = (CollectionBean) ac.getBean("cb");
        //3 打印cb对象
        System.out.println(cb);
        
    }
}

运行JUnit测试输出:

CollectionBean [arr=null, 
                list=null, 
                map=null, 
                prop={driverClass=com.jdbc.mysql.Driver, password=1234, userName=root}]

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