单机安装LNMP:编译

1、LNMP前言介绍

大约在2010年以前,互联网公司最常用的经典web服务环境组合就是LAMP(即Linux、Apache、Mysql、PHP),近几年随着nginx web服务的逐渐流行,又出现了新的web服务环境组合——LNMP或LEMP,其中LNMP全称为Linux、Nginx、MySQL、PHP等首字母的缩写,而LEMP中的E也表示Nginx,他是取自Nginx名字的发音(enginex)。现在LNMP已经成为国内中大型互联网公司网站的主流组合环境,因此,我们必须要熟练掌握LNMP环境的搭建、优化以及维护方法才行。

原理:


单机安装LNMP:编译_第1张图片
image.png

环境

本文全部采用编译安装
nginx-1.16.0.tar.gz
libiconv-1.16.tar.gz
php-7.3.5.tar.gz
mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
wordpress-5.1.1.zip

[root@web02 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core) 
[root@web02 ~]# uname -r
3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64
[root@web02 ~]# uname -m
x86_64

1、先装数据库:

1、创建用户
[root@web02 ~]# useradd mysql -s /sbin/nologin -M
[root@web02 ~]# id mysql
uid=1002(mysql) gid=1002(mysql) 组=1002(mysql)

2、上传软件到指定的目录
[root@web02 ~]# cd /server/tools/
[root@web02 /server/tools]# 

http://mirrors.163.com/mysql/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/

[root@web02 /server/tools]# ls -lsh
总用量 616M
 615M -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  615M 5月   4 20:48 mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
    0 drwxr-xr-x 9 www  www    204 4月  30 12:04 nginx-1.16.0
1012K -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1009K 4月  23 21:58 nginx-1.16.0.tar.gz

[root@web02 /server/tools]# tar xf mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@web02 /server/tools]# mv mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /application/mysql-5.7.26
[root@web02 /server/tools]# ln -s /application/mysql-5.7.26/  /application/mysql
相当于完成以下三步了。
./configure;make;make install


[root@web02 /server/tools]# ls /application/mysql/
bin  COPYING  docs  include  lib  man  README  share  support-files


3、配置配置文件/etc/my.cnf
[root@web02 /server/tools]# ls -l /etc/my.cnf #yum安装mariadb的默认的my.cnf
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 570 8月  16 2018 /etc/my.cnf

rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs
#yum remove mariadb 卸载依赖包。

[root@web02 /server/tools]# rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs
[root@web02 /server/tools]# ls -l /etc/my.cnf
ls: 无法访问/etc/my.cnf: 没有那个文件或目录


[root@web02 /server/tools]# cat>/etc/my.cnf<

EOF

4、初始化数据库
[root@web02 /server/tools]# rpm -qa mariadb-libs
[root@web02 /server/tools]# yum install libaio-devel -y

[root@web02 /server/tools]# mkdir -p /application/mysql/data
[root@web02 /server/tools]# chown -R mysql.mysql /application/mysql/

[root@web02 /server/tools]# /application/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --basedir=/application/mysql/ --datadir=/application/mysql/data


error类似的字符串。。。

cd /application/mysql/data
rm -fr *

5、配置启动服务

[root@web02 /application/mysql/support-files]# cat /etc/systemd/system/mysqld.service
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server by oldboy
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/application/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000


启动:
[root@web02 /application/mysql/support-files]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@web02 /application/mysql/support-files]# systemctl enable mysqld
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mysqld.service to /etc/systemd/system/mysqld.service.
[root@web02 /application/mysql/support-files]# systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server by oldboy
   Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since 一 2019-05-06 09:41:25 CST; 10s ago
     Docs: man:mysqld(8)
           http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
 Main PID: 7285 (mysqld)
   CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
           └─7285 /application/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf

5月 06 09:41:25 web02 systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server by oldboy.
[root@web02 /application/mysql/support-files]# netstat -lntup|grep mysql
tcp6       0      0 :::3306                 :::*                    LISTEN      7285/mysqld         
[root@web02 /application/mysql/support-files]# ps -ef|grep mysql|grep -v grep
mysql      7285      1  0 09:41 ?        00:00:00 /application/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf

6、配置环境变量登录
[root@web02 /application/mysql/support-files]# echo 'export PATH=/application/mysql/bin:$PATH' >>/etc/profile
[root@web02 /application/mysql/support-files]# tail -1 /etc/profile
export PATH=/application/mysql/bin:$PATH
[root@web02 /application/mysql/support-files]# . /etc/profile
[root@web02 /application/mysql/support-files]# echo $PATH
/application/mysql/bin:/application/nginx/sbin:/application/nginx/sbin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin

[root@web02 /application/mysql/support-files]# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.26 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
oldboy [(none)]>
成功登录。
oldboy [(none)]>quit
Bye

如果出错就看错误日志:
日志文件  
cat /application/mysql/data/oldboy_mysql.err 


7、修改密码
mysqladmin -u root password 'oldboy123'

重新登录:
交互式登录:
    [root@web02 ~]# mysql -uroot -p
    Enter password:
    
非交互登录:
mysql -uroot -poldboy123

PHP

编译安装PHP

1、php调用的库比较全面,到哪家公司一般都通用
yum install zlib-devel libxml2-devel libjpeg-devel libjpeg-turbo-devel libiconv-devel -y
yum install freetype-devel libpng-devel gd-devel libcurl-devel libxslt-devel libxslt-devel -y

cd /server/tools/
上传libiconv-1.16.tar.gz

tar zxf libiconv-1.16.tar.gz
cd libiconv-1.16
./configure --prefix=/application/libiconv
make
make install
cd ../

yum install libmcrypt-devel -y 
yum install mhash -y
yum install mcrypt -y


2、安装PHP
cd /server/tools/
tar xf php-7.3.5.tar.gz
cd php-7.3.5/

./configure \
--prefix=/application/php-7.3.5 \
--enable-mysqlnd  \
--with-mysqli=mysqlnd \
--with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd \
--with-iconv-dir=/application/libiconv \
--with-freetype-dir \
--with-jpeg-dir \
--with-png-dir \
--with-zlib \
--with-libxml-dir=/usr \
--enable-xml \
--disable-rpath \
--enable-bcmath \
--enable-shmop \
--enable-sysvsem \
--enable-inline-optimization \
--with-curl \
--enable-mbregex \
--enable-fpm \
--enable-mbstring \
--with-gd \
--with-openssl \
--with-mhash \
--enable-pcntl \
--enable-sockets \
--with-xmlrpc \
--enable-soap \
--enable-short-tags \
--enable-static \
--with-xsl \
--with-fpm-user=nginx \
--with-fpm-group=nginx \
--enable-ftp \
--enable-opcache=no

make 
make install


[root@web02 /server/tools/php-7.3.5]# echo $?
0

7.2 抛弃了。
--with-mysql=/application/mysql 编译PHP时候使用mysql软件下面的库文件。
--enable-mysqlnd   带mysql库文件


将nginx的用户和PHP的用户统一:nginx
[root@web02 /server/tools/php-7.3.5]# useradd nginx -u 1111 -s /sbin/nologin -M
[root@web02 /server/tools/php-7.3.5]# id nginx
uid=1111(nginx) gid=1111(nginx) 组=1111(nginx)


[root@web02 /server/tools/php-7.3.5]# vim /application/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
worker_processes  1;
user  nginx nginx;
(编译的时候就改用nginx)

[root@web02 ~]# ln -s /application/php-7.3.5/ /application/php
[root@web02 ~]# ls /application/php/
bin  etc  include  lib  php  sbin  var

3、配置php.ini(PHP解析器配置文件)

[root@web02 /application/php]# cd /server/tools/php-7.3.5/
#php主配置文件
[root@web02 /server/tools/php-7.3.5]# ls php.ini-*
php.ini-development  php.ini-production

[root@web02 /server/tools/php-7.3.5]# cp php.ini-development /application/php/lib/php.ini
[root@web02 /server/tools/php-7.3.5]# ls -l /application/php/lib/php.ini
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 71648 5月   6 11:51 /application/php/lib/php.ini


4、配置PHP FPM
[root@web02 /server/tools/php-7.3.5]# cd /application/php/etc/
#主配置文件
[root@web02 /application/php/etc]# ls
pear.conf  php-fpm.conf.default  php-fpm.d
[root@web02 /application/php/etc]# cp php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf
[root@web02 /application/php/etc]# cd php-fpm.d/
[root@web02 /application/php/etc/php-fpm.d]# ls
www.conf.default
#子配置文件:修改用户和组、LNMP最重要的一个文件
[root@web02 /application/php/etc/php-fpm.d]# cp www.conf.default www.conf
[root@web02 /application/php/etc/php-fpm.d]# ls
www.conf  www.conf.default

5、启动PHP服务
[root@web02 /application/php/etc/php-fpm.d]# /application/php/sbin/php-fpm 
[root@web02 /application/php/etc/php-fpm.d]# netstat -lntup|grep php-fpm
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:9000          0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      12214/php-fpm: mast 


6、开机自启动
[root@web02 /application/php/etc/php-fpm.d]# tail -2 /etc/rc.local
/application/nginx/sbin/nginx
/application/php/sbin/php-fpm

检查三项服务是否开启

netstat -lntup |grep "mysql"
netstat -lntup |grep "php"
netstat -lntup |grep "nginx"

配置nginx转发PHP请求

8、测试NGINX连接PHP
编写测试文件
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# echo "" > ../html/blog/test_info.php
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# cat ../html/blog/test_info.php


[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# /application/php/bin/php /application/nginx/html/blog/test_info.php

成功的配置:
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf/extra]# cat 03_blog.conf
server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  blog.etiantian.org;
        location / {
            root   html/blog;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
        location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$ {
            root html/blog;
            fastcgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9000;
            fastcgi_index index.php;
            include fastcgi.conf;
        }
    }

[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /application/nginx-1.16.0//conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /application/nginx-1.16.0//conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# nginx -s reload

测试PHP连接mysql

[root@web02 /application/nginx/html/blog]# cat  /application/nginx/html/blog/test_mysql.php 


[root@web02 /application/nginx/html/blog]# /application/php/bin/php /application/nginx/html/blog/test_mysql.php 
mysql successful by oldboy.

http://blog.etiantian.org/test_mysql.php

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