day13(Altas、Mycat分布式架构)

1、上周尾巴(一套烂的

1.1、检查MHA的运行状态

masterha_check_status --conf=/etc/mha/app1.cnf

1.2、判断主节点

直接的方法,看哪台MySQL没有从库状态,结合从库的mysql指向位置

1.3、恢复1主2从的状态


db03:    grep -i 'change master to ' /var/log/mha/app1/manager

db02:
CHANGE MASTER TO 
MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.51',
MASTER_PORT=3306, 
MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, 
MASTER_USER='repl', 
MASTER_PASSWORD='123';
start slave ;


1.4、检查vip


db01:
 ifconfig eth0:1 10.0.0.55/24



1.5、检查db03配置文件


vim /etc/mha/app1.cnf

[server1]
hostname=10.0.0.51
port=3306

[server2]
hostname=10.0.0.52
port=3306

[server3]
hostname=10.0.0.53
port=3306


1.6 启动前预检查

[root@db03 ~]# masterha_check_ssh --conf=/etc/mha/app1.cnf


[root@db03 ~]# masterha_check_repl --conf=/etc/mha/app1.cnf


1.7 启动MHA

nohup masterha_manager --conf=/etc/mha/app1.cnf --remove_dead_master_conf --ignore_last_failover  < /dev/null> /var/log/mha/app1/manager.log 2>&1 &


masterha_check_status --conf=/etc/mha/app1.cnf


2、Binlog Server


选择一个专门保存  binlog  的服务器,必须要有mysqlbinlog命令,我妈们选择db03

vim /etc/mha/qpp1.cnf

[binlog1]
no_master=1
hostname=10.0.0.53
master_binlog_dir=/data/mysql/binlog

创建必要目录

mkdir -p /data/mysql/binlog
chown -R mysql.mysql /data/*


cd /data/mysql/binlog     -----》必须进入到自己创建好的目录
mysqlbinlog  -R --host=10.0.0.51 --user=mha --password=mha --raw  --stop-never mysql-bin.000007 &


3、Altas


 rpm -ivh Atlas-2.2.1.el6.x86_64.rpm 

cd /usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf
mv test.cnf test.cnf.bak

cat > test.cnf <select @@server_id;

测写:
db03 [(none)]>begin;select @@server_id; commit;


4. 生产用户要求 (Atlas+MHA+VIP+SENDREPORT+BINLOG)


开发人员申请一个应用用户 app(  select  update  insert)  密码123456,要通过10网段登录


1. 在主库中,创建用户
grant select ,update,insert on *.* to app@'10.0.0.%' identified by '123456';


2. 在atlas中添加生产用户
/usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/encrypt  123456      ---->制作加密密码


3. 改配置文件
vim test.cnf
pwds = repl:3yb5jEku5h4=,mha:O2jBXONX098=,app:/iZxz+0GRoA=
/usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/mysql-proxyd test restart
[root@db03 conf]# mysql -uapp -p123456  -h 10.0.0.53 -P 33060


5、Altas基本管理

5.1 连接管理接口

mysql -uuser -ppwd -h10.0.0.53 -P2345

5.2 打印帮助:

mysql> select * from help;

5.3 查询后端所有节点信息:


mysql>  SELECT * FROM backends

5.4、动态删除节点


db03 [(none)]>REMOVE BACKEND 3;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
db03 [(none)]> SELECT * FROM backends;
+-------------+----------------+-------+------+
| backend_ndx | address        | state | type |
+-------------+----------------+-------+------+
|           1 | 10.0.0.55:3306 | up    | rw   |
|           2 | 10.0.0.52:3306 | up    | ro   |
+-------------+----------------+-------+------+


5.5、动态添加节点


db03 [(none)]>ADD SLAVE 10.0.0.53:3306;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

db03 [(none)]> SELECT * FROM backends;
+-------------+----------------+-------+------+
| backend_ndx | address        | state | type |
+-------------+----------------+-------+------+
|           1 | 10.0.0.55:3306 | up    | rw   |
|           2 | 10.0.0.52:3306 | up    | ro   |
|           3 | 10.0.0.53:3306 | up    | ro   |
+-------------+----------------+-------+------+


5.6、保存配置到配置文件


db03 [(none)]>save config;

6、关于读写分离建议(自己扩展)

MyCAT分布式架构

day13(Altas、Mycat分布式架构)_第1张图片
image.png

day13(Altas、Mycat分布式架构)_第2张图片

2、MyCAT分布式架构搭建

db01  db02

2.1、 删除历史环境:

pkill mysqld
rm -rf /data/330* 
mv /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf.bak

2.2、 初始化


mkdir /data/33{07..10}/data -p
mysqld --initialize-insecure  --user=mysql --datadir=/data/3307/data --basedir=/application/mysql
mysqld --initialize-insecure  --user=mysql --datadir=/data/3308/data --basedir=/application/mysql
mysqld --initialize-insecure  --user=mysql --datadir=/data/3309/data --basedir=/application/mysql
mysqld --initialize-insecure  --user=mysql --datadir=/data/3310/data --basedir=/application/mysql


2.3、 准备db01配置文件和启动脚本


========db01==============
cat >/data/3307/my.cnf</data/3308/my.cnf</data/3309/my.cnf</data/3310/my.cnf</etc/systemd/system/mysqld3307.service</etc/systemd/system/mysqld3308.service</etc/systemd/system/mysqld3309.service</etc/systemd/system/mysqld3310.service<

2.4、准备db02配置文件和启动脚本


cat >/data/3307/my.cnf</data/3308/my.cnf</data/3309/my.cnf</data/3310/my.cnf</etc/systemd/system/mysqld3307.service</etc/systemd/system/mysqld3308.service</etc/systemd/system/mysqld3309.service</etc/systemd/system/mysqld3310.service<

2.5修改权限,启动多实例


chown -R mysql.mysql /data/*
systemctl start mysqld3307
systemctl start mysqld3308
systemctl start mysqld3309
systemctl start mysqld3310

mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show variables like 'server_id'"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "show variables like 'server_id'"
mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "show variables like 'server_id'"
mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "show variables like 'server_id'"

2.6、规划

day13(Altas、Mycat分布式架构)_第3张图片
image.png

2.7、构建主从


shard1
10.0.0.51:3307    <----->  10.0.0.52:3307
db02
mysql  -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "grant replication slave on *.* to repl@'10.0.0.%' identified by '123';"
mysql  -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "grant all  on *.* to root@'10.0.0.%' identified by '123'  with grant option;"

db01
mysql  -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.52', MASTER_PORT=3307, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql  -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
mysql  -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"

db02
mysql  -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.51', MASTER_PORT=3307, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql  -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
mysql  -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"


10.0.0.51:3309    ------>  10.0.0.51:3307
db01
mysql  -S /data/3309/mysql.sock  -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.51', MASTER_PORT=3307, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql  -S /data/3309/mysql.sock  -e "start slave;"
mysql  -S /data/3309/mysql.sock  -e "show slave status\G"

10.0.0.52:3309    ------>  10.0.0.52:3307
db02
mysql  -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.52', MASTER_PORT=3307, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql  -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
mysql  -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"



shard2
10.0.0.52:3308  <----->    10.0.0.51:3308
db01
mysql  -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "grant replication slave on *.* to repl@'10.0.0.%' identified by '123';"
mysql  -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "grant all  on *.* to root@'10.0.0.%' identified by '123'  with grant option;"

db02
mysql  -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.51', MASTER_PORT=3308, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql  -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
mysql  -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"

db01
mysql  -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.52', MASTER_PORT=3308, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql  -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
mysql  -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"

10.0.0.52:3310    ----->       10.0.0.52:3308
db02
mysql  -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.52', MASTER_PORT=3308, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql  -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
mysql  -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"

10.0.0.51:3310  ----->     10.0.0.51:3308
db01
mysql  -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.51', MASTER_PORT=3308, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql  -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
mysql  -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"

3. MyCAT安装

3.1 预先安装Java运行环境

yum install -y java

3.2下载

Mycat-server-xxxxx.linux.tar.gz
http://dl.mycat.io/

3.3 解压文件


tar xf Mycat-server-1.6.5-release-20180122220033-linux.tar.gz

3.4 软件目录结构


ls
bin  catlet  conf  lib  logs  version.txt

3.5 启动和连接


配置环境变量
vim /etc/profile
export PATH=/data/mycat/bin:$PATH
source /etc/profile
启动
mycat start
连接mycat:
mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 127.0.0.1 -P8066


4. 配置文件介绍


logs目录:
wrapper.log       ---->mycat启动日志
mycat.log         ---->mycat详细工作日志
conf目录:
schema.xml      
主配置文件(读写分离、高可用、分布式策略定制、节点控制)
server.xml
mycat软件本身相关的配置
rule.xml 
分片规则配置文件,记录分片规则列表、使用方法等


5.应用前环境准备

5.1 用户创建及数据库导入


db01:
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock 
grant all on *.* to root@'10.0.0.%' identified by '123';
source /root/world.sql

mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock 
grant all on *.* to root@'10.0.0.%' identified by '123';
source /root/world.sql

5.2 配置文件处理

cd /application/mycat/conf
mv schema.xml schema.xml.bak

vim schema.xml 


  

 
  
                 
            
                select user()  
         
                         
         
          



重启mycat
mycat restart

读写分离测试
 mysql -uroot -p -h 127.0.0.1 -P8066
 show variables like 'server_id';
 begin;
 show variables like 'server_id';

总结: 
以上案例实现了1主1从的读写分离功能,写操作落到主库,读操作落到从库.如果主库宕机,从库不能在继续提供服务了。

6、MyCAT 核心特性---分片


分片:对一个"bigtable",比如说t3表

(1)行数非常多,800w
(2)访问非常频繁

分片的目的:
(1)将大数据量进行分布存储
(2)提供均衡的访问路由

分片策略:
范围 range  800w  1-400w 400w01-800w
取模 mod    取余数
枚举 
哈希 hash 
时间 流水

优化关联查询
全局表
ER分片

range范围分片


比如说t3表
(1)行数非常多,2000w(1-1000w:sh1 1000w-2000w:sh2)
(2)访问非常频繁,用户访问较离散


1)准备配置文件
[root@db01 /application/mycat/conf]# vim schema.xml




        
    
    
        select user()
    
            
    
    
            
    
    
    
        select user()
    
            
    
    
            
    
    


2)修改
[root@db01 /application/mycat/conf]# cat autopartition-long.txt 
1-5=0
6-10=1

3)重启
mycat restart

4)
创建测试表:
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t3 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"

mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock  -e "use taobao;create table t3 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"

5)插入数据,检查
insert into t3(id,name) values(1,'a');
insert into t3(id,name) values(2,'b');
insert into t3(id,name) values(3,'c');
insert into t3(id,name) values(7,'x');
insert into t3(id,name) values(8,'y');
insert into t3(id,name) values(9,'z');
select * from t3;


 
 

取模分片


取余分片方式:分片键(一个列)与节点数量进行取余,得到余数,将数据写入对应节点


1)修改配置文件
vim schema.xml
vim rule.xml 2 2) 准备测试环境 创建测试表: mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t4 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);" mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t4 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);" 3)重启mycat mycat restart 4) 测试: mysql -uroot -p123456 -h127.0.0.1 -P8066 use TESTDB insert into t4(id,name) values(1,'a'); insert into t4(id,name) values(2,'b'); insert into t4(id,name) values(3,'c'); insert into t4(id,name) values(4,'d'); 5) 分别登录后端节点查询数据 mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "select * from taobao.t4;" mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "select * from taobao.t4;"

枚举分片


1)
vim schema.xml

2) vim rule.xml 1 3) partition-hash-int.txt 配置: bj=0 sh=1 DEFAULT_NODE=1 4) mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t5 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);" mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t5 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);" 5)重启 mycat restart 6)登录测试 mysql -uroot -p123456 -h10.0.0.51 -P8066 use TESTDB insert into t5(id,name) values(1,'bj'); insert into t5(id,name) values(2,'sh'); insert into t5(id,name) values(3,'bj'); insert into t5(id,name) values(4,'sh'); insert into t5(id,name) values(5,'tj'); 7)分别登录后端节点查询数据 mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "select * from taobao.t5;" mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "select * from taobao.t5;"

maycat 全局表


a   b   c  d   
join 
t 

select  t1.name   ,t.x  from  t1 
join t 
select  t2.name   ,t.x  from  t2 
join t 
select  t3.name   ,t.x  from  t3 
join t 

使用场景:
如果你的业务中有些数据类似于数据字典,比如配置文件的配置,
常用业务的配置或者数据量不大很少变动的表,这些表往往不是特别大,
而且大部分的业务场景都会用到,那么这种表适合于Mycat全局表,无须对数据进行切分,
要在所有的分片上保存一份数据即可,Mycat 在Join操作中,业务表与全局表进行Join聚合会优先选择相同分片内的全局表join,
避免跨库Join,在进行数据插入操作时,mycat将把数据分发到全局表对应的所有分片执行,在进行数据读取时候将会随机获取一个节点读取数据。


vim schema.xml 
后端数据准备 mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock use taobao create table t_area (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null); mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock use taobao create table t_area (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null); 重启mycat mycat restart 测试: mysql -uroot -p123456 -h10.0.0.51 -P8066 use TESTDB insert into t_area(id,name) values(1,'a'); insert into t_area(id,name) values(2,'b'); insert into t_area(id,name) values(3,'c'); insert into t_area(id,name) values(4,'d'); mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "select * from taobao.t_area;" mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "select * from taobao.t_area;"

E-R分片


A 
join 
B  
为了防止跨分片join,可以使用E-R模式
A   join   B
on  a.xx=b.yy
join C
on A.id=C.id

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