objective-c 编程总结(第六篇)运行时操作 - 方法交换

后面主要介绍oc类的运行时行为。这里面包括运行时方法的更换,消息的转发,以及动态属性。这些对于面向方面编程AOP的热爱者还是很有用的,当然还有很多其他的作用,例如可配置编程之类的。但是按照我之前在java和dotnet的编程经验,这些都是使用性能为代价的。所以尽量在程序开始部分完成操作,而不是用于程序行为的代码。

第一段代码是方法交换。下面的例子将使用自己的代码替换[NSString stringByAppendingPathComponent]方法的实现。

这里是替换代码:

NSString * NSStringstringByAppendingPathComponent(id SELF, SEL _cmd, NSString * path){



//开发文档推荐的是这种定义形式,其实在方法交换场景下,这是没有必要的,你甚至可以给一个().但是如果你要替换的方法实际并不存在,那么这个定义形式是必须的。



NSLog(@”this is a fake imp for method %@”, NSStringFromSelctor(_cmd));



NSLog(@”I won’t do anything! but I will return a virus!”);//疯狂医生的逻辑



return [NSString stringWithCString: “virus!!!” encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];



}

下面是方法交换的代码:

Class strcls = [NSString class];

SEL oriStringByAppendingPathComponent = @selector(stringByAppendingPathComponent:);

class_replaceMethod(strcls,

  oriStringByAppendingPathComponent,

  (IMP)NSStringstringByAppendingPathComponent,

  NULL);

//后面的type参数可以是NULL。如果要替换的方法不存在,那么class_addMethod会被调用,type参数将被用来设置被添加的方法

/*

Apple development reference 的描述如下:

type参数:An array of characters that describe the types of the arguments to the method. For possible values, see Objective-C Runtime Programming Guide > Type Encodings. Since the function must take at least two arguments—self and _cmd, the second and third characters must be “@:” (the first character is the return type).

  • If the method identified by name does not yet exist, it is added as if class_addMethod were called. The type encoding specified by types is used as given.

  • If the method identified by name does exist, its IMP is replaced as if method_setImplementation were called. The type encoding specified by types is ignored.

*/

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