使用OEM,SQL*Plus,iSQL*Plus 管理Oracle实例
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--使用OEM,SQL*Plus,iSQL*Plus 管理Oracle实例
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/*
一、管理组件
Oracle 10g数据库管理包含三个组件,本文主要介绍Database Control,SQL*Plus及iSQL*Plus
Database instance(数据库实例) -->系统使用的后台进程
Listener (监听器) -->监听客户端连接到数据库
Management interfance
Database Control -->OEM
Management agent (when using Grid Control) --网格管理
二、使用OEM管理Oracle
1.关于OEM：Oracle 从i开始就随软件提供企业管理器（OEM）
在g中，oracle在dbca建库过程中会出现四个用户：sys,system,dbsnap,sysman
(--dbsnap 用户用于OEM智能代理管理工作，sysman用户则是OEM的管理员帐号）
如果在dbca建库过程中没有选择安装OEM,则没有dbsnap和sysman用户，如果在dbca建库时选择启用database control管理数据库，
则需要在数据库中建立一个sysman的schema，用于保存OEM的一些数据，这个就是OEM的资料档案库（repository)，在G版本中，
这个库存储在sysaux表空间中
2.OEM的启动和关闭
启动：emctl start dbconsole 启动后用浏览器http://IP:1158/em 来登陆OEM，进行图形化操作数据库
关闭：emctl stop dbconsole
状态：emctl status dbconsole */
--下面演示EM启动到停止的过程
[oracle@robinson scripts]$ emctl start dbconsole --启动
TZ set to PRC
Oracle Enterprise Manager 10g Database Control Release 10.2.0.1.0
Copyright (c) 1996, 2005 Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
http://robinson.com:1158/em/console/aboutApplication
Starting Oracle Enterprise Manager 10g Database Control ...................... started.
------------------------------------------------------------------
Logs are generated in directory /u01/app/oracle/10g/robinson.com_orcl/sysman/log
[oracle@robinson scripts]$ emctl status dbconsole --查看状态
TZ set to PRC
Oracle Enterprise Manager 10g Database Control Release 10.2.0.1.0
Copyright (c) 1996, 2005 Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
http://robinson.com:1158/em/console/aboutApplication
Oracle Enterprise Manager 10g is running.
------------------------------------------------------------------
Logs are generated in directory /u01/app/oracle/10g/robinson.com_orcl/sysman/log
[oracle@robinson scripts]$ emctl stop dbconsole --停止
TZ set to PRC
Oracle Enterprise Manager 10g Database Control Release 10.2.0.1.0
Copyright (c) 1996, 2005 Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
http://robinson.com:1158/em/console/aboutApplication
Stopping Oracle Enterprise Manager 10g Database Control ...
... Stopped.
/*
3.重建OEM
由于EM需要J2EE环境支持，正常创建后，在$ORACLE_HOME目录下将会建立一个
类似$ORACLE_HOME/oc4j/j2ee/OC4J_DBConsole_<hostname>_<sid>的目录，如果此目录不存在，则EM将无法启动。
另外，如果服务器修改过主机名等信息，导致OEM可能无法启动，此时需要重新配置EM。
使用emca命令来重建EM档案库，关于emca的用户，使用emca -h 来查看详细说明 */
[oracle@robinson scripts]$ emca -config dbcontrol db -repos recreate
STARTED EMCA at Apr 21, 2010 3:09:04 PM
EM Configuration Assistant, Version 10.2.0.1.0 Production
Copyright (c) 2003, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Enter the following information:
Database SID: orcl
Database Control is already configured for the database orcl
You have chosen to configure Database Control for managing the database orcl
This will remove the existing configuration and the default settings and perform a fresh configuration
Do you wish to continue? [yes(Y)/no(N)]: y
Listener port number: 1521
Password for SYS user:
Password for DBSNMP user:
Password for SYSMAN user:
Email address for notifications (optional):
Outgoing Mail (SMTP) server for notifications (optional):
-----------------------------------------------------------------
You have specified the following settings
Database ORACLE_HOME ................ /u01/app/oracle/10g
Database hostname ................ robinson.com
Listener port number ................ 1521
Database SID ................ orcl
Email address for notifications ...............
Outgoing Mail (SMTP) server for notifications ...............
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Do you wish to continue? [yes(Y)/no(N)]: y
Apr 21, 2010 3:09:24 PM oracle.sysman.emcp.EMConfig perform
INFO: This operation is being logged at /u01/app/oracle/10g/cfgtoollogs/emca/orcl/emca_2010-04-21_03-09-04-PM.log.
Apr 21, 2010 3:09:25 PM oracle.sysman.emcp.util.DBControlUtil stopOMS
INFO: Stopping Database Control (this may take a while) ...
Apr 21, 2010 3:09:32 PM oracle.sysman.emcp.EMReposConfig dropRepository
INFO: Dropping the EM repository (this may take a while) ...
Apr 21, 2010 3:11:41 PM oracle.sysman.emcp.EMReposConfig invoke
INFO: Repository successfully dropped
Apr 21, 2010 3:11:41 PM oracle.sysman.emcp.EMReposConfig createRepository
INFO: Creating the EM repository (this may take a while) ...
Apr 21, 2010 3:16:01 PM oracle.sysman.emcp.EMReposConfig invoke
INFO: Repository successfully created
Apr 21, 2010 3:16:08 PM oracle.sysman.emcp.util.DBControlUtil startOMS
INFO: Starting Database Control (this may take a while) ...
Apr 21, 2010 3:17:55 PM oracle.sysman.emcp.EMDBPostConfig performConfiguration
INFO: Database Control started successfully
Apr 21, 2010 3:17:55 PM oracle.sysman.emcp.EMDBPostConfig performConfiguration
INFO: >>>>>>>>>>> The Database Control URL is http://robinson.com:1158/em <<<<<<<<<<<
Enterprise Manager configuration completed successfully
FINISHED EMCA at Apr 21, 2010 3:17:55 PM
[oracle@robinson scripts]$ emctl status dbconsole
TZ set to PRC
Oracle Enterprise Manager 10g Database Control Release 10.2.0.1.0
Copyright (c) 1996, 2005 Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
http://robinson.com:1158/em/console/aboutApplication
Oracle Enterprise Manager 10g is running.
------------------------------------------------------------------
Logs are generated in directory /u01/app/oracle/10g/robinson.com_orcl/sysman/log
/*
注意：如果启动EM有问题，确保监听器已经启动
打开浏览器，使用sysman用户登陆，也可以使用sys用户登陆，当使用sys用户登陆时，注意几点：
a.口令文件存在并配置正常
b.监听启动
c.remote_login_passwordfile设置不能为NONE
重建EM成功后，ORACLE主要创建的相关目录有个，分别是:
a.$ORACLE_HOME/oc4j/j2ee/OC4J_DBConsole_<hostname>_<sid>
b.$ORACLE_HOME/<hostname>_<sid>
4.查看默认的端口号 */
[oracle@robinson scripts]$ cat $ORACLE_HOME/install/portlist.ini
iSQL*Plus HTTP port number =5560
Enterprise Manager Console HTTP Port (orcl) = 1158
Enterprise Manager Agent Port (orcl) = 3938
/*
5.建议
OEM管理和维护直观简单，但并不建议使用OEM来进行管理，因为JAVA的界面通常消耗的资源较多，
加上网络连接的因素，OEM界面很容易失去响应，从而可能导致很多意外，通过命令行操作可以让
我们更加熟悉ORACLE的本质，又可以减少低级的意外错误。
三、使用SQL*Plus及iSQL*Plus管理Oracle
SQL*Plus及iSQL*Plus同样可以完成Oracle的管理工作，能够通过命令的方式来执行查询，更新，删除等操作
1.SQL*Plus 使用相关账户登陆到到实例，启动数据库，完成相关的管理任务 */
[oracle@robinson scripts]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Apr 21 15:38:54 2010
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
SQL>
/*
2.iSQL*Plus(从i开始出现的基于web的sqlplus工具)
10g下iSQL*Plus的启动与关闭
启动：isqlplusctl start
关闭：isqlplusctl stop */
[oracle@robinson scripts]$ isqlplusctl start
perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:
LANGUAGE = (unset),
LC_ALL = (unset),
LANG = "en"
are supported and installed on your system.
perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C").
iSQL*Plus 10.2.0.1.0
Copyright (c) 2003, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Starting iSQL*Plus ...
iSQL*Plus started.
[oracle@robinson scripts]$ isqlplusctl stop
perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:
LANGUAGE = (unset),
LC_ALL = (unset),
LANG = "en"
are supported and installed on your system.
perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C").
iSQL*Plus 10.2.0.1.0
Copyright (c) 2003, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Stopping iSQL*Plus ...
iSQL*Plus stopped.
/*
修改iSQL*Plus默认端口号
[oracle@robinson scripts]$ cat $ORACLE_HOME/oc4j/j2ee/isqlplus/config/http-web-site.xml |grep 5560
<web-site port="5560" display-name="OC4J Java HTTP Web Site"> --将改为其他端口号即可
启动isqlplus,然后通过浏览器登陆http://IP:5560/isqlplus
注意：默认情况下，sysdba用户无法通过isqlplus登陆
四、更多 */
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