docker常见命令

1.帮助命令

1.docker version #显示docker的版本信息

2.docker info # 显示docker额系统信息，包括镜像和容器数量

3. docker 命令 --help

官网文档地址
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/docker/

2.镜像命令

1.docker images

REPOSITORY	镜像的仓库源
TAG		    镜像的标签
IMAGE ID    镜像的id
CREATED 	镜像的创建时间
SIZE		镜像的大小

Options:
  -a, --all             Show all images (default hides intermediate images)
      --digests         Show digests
  -f, --filter filter   Filter output based on conditions provided
      --format string   Pretty-print images using a Go template
      --no-trunc        Don't truncate output
  -q, --quiet           Only show image IDs
  

2.docker search

[root@l4 containerd]# docker search mysql
NAME                              DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql                             MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   11439     [OK]       
mariadb                           MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou…   4343      [OK]       
mysql/mysql-server                Optimized MySQL Server Docker images. Create…   848                  [OK]
phpmyadmin                        phpMyAdmin - A web interface for MySQL and M…   328       [OK]       
centos/mysql-57-centos7           MySQL 5.7 SQL database server                   91                   
mysql/mysql-cluster               Experimental MySQL Cluster Docker images. Cr…   88                   
centurylink/mysql                 Image containing mysql. Optimized to be link…   59                   [OK]
databack/mysql-backup             Back up mysql databases to... anywhere!         50                   
prom/mysqld-exporter                                                              42                   [OK]
deitch/mysql-backup               REPLACED! Please use http://hub.docker.com/r…   41                   [OK]
tutum/mysql                       Base docker image to run a MySQL database se…   35                   
linuxserver/mysql                 A Mysql container, brought to you by LinuxSe…   31                   
schickling/mysql-backup-s3        Backup MySQL to S3 (supports periodic backup…   31                   [OK]
mysql/mysql-router                MySQL Router provides transparent routing be…   22                   
centos/mysql-56-centos7           MySQL 5.6 SQL database server                   20                   
arey/mysql-client                 Run a MySQL client from a docker container      18                   [OK]
fradelg/mysql-cron-backup         MySQL/MariaDB database backup using cron tas…   16                   [OK]
yloeffler/mysql-backup            This image runs mysqldump to backup data usi…   7                    [OK]
genschsa/mysql-employees          MySQL Employee Sample Database                  7                    [OK]
openshift/mysql-55-centos7        DEPRECATED: A Centos7 based MySQL v5.5 image…   6                    
devilbox/mysql                    Retagged MySQL, MariaDB and PerconaDB offici…   3                    
jelastic/mysql                    An image of the MySQL database server mainta…   2                    
ansibleplaybookbundle/mysql-apb   An APB which deploys RHSCL MySQL                2                    [OK]
centos/mysql-80-centos7           MySQL 8.0 SQL database server                   1                    
widdpim/mysql-client              Dockerized MySQL Client (5.7) including Curl…   1                    [OK]
[root@l4 containerd]#  

搜索mysql镜像，并且STAR 大于3000

Options:
  -f, --filter filter   Filter output based on conditions provided
      --format string   Pretty-print search using a Go template
      --limit int       Max number of search results (default 25)
      --no-trunc        Don't truncate output

3.docker pull

Using default tag: latest  #如果不写tag，默认下载最新版本
latest: Pulling from library/mysql 
a330b6cecb98: Pull complete #分层下载， doccker images 的核心 联合文件系统
9c8f656c32b8: Pull complete 
88e473c3f553: Pull complete 
062463ea5d2f: Pull complete 
daf7e3bdf4b6: Pull complete 
1839c0b7aac9: Pull complete 
cf0a0cfee6d0: Pull complete 
1b42041bb11e: Pull complete 
10459d86c7e6: Pull complete 
b7199599d5f9: Pull complete 
1d6f51e17d45: Pull complete 
50e0789bacad: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:99e0989e7e3797cfbdb8d51a19d32c8d286dd8862794d01a547651a896bcf00c  #签名
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest  #真实地址

带有tag下载

4.docker rmi
docker rmi -f 镜像id

[root@l4 containerd]# docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
mysql         5.7       1d7aba917169   2 weeks ago    448MB
mysql         latest    0716d6ebcc1a   2 weeks ago    514MB
ubuntu        latest    fb52e22af1b0   3 weeks ago    72.8MB
hello-world   latest    d1165f221234   6 months ago   13.3kB
[root@l4 containerd]# docker rmi -f 1d7aba917169
Untagged: mysql:5.7
Untagged: mysql@sha256:d9b934cdf6826629f8d02ea01f28b2c4ddb1ae27c32664b14867324b3e5e1291
Deleted: sha256:1d7aba9171693947d53f474014821972bf25d72b7d143ce4af4c8d8484623417
Deleted: sha256:94ebbead5c58282fef91cc7d0fb56e4006a72434b4a6ae2cd5be98f369cb8c21
Deleted: sha256:989da5efad29ec59bd536cd393d277bc777f8b9b34b8e3ad9593a4b0a83b40f4
Deleted: sha256:7457ee6817c678da3cb383d27a3d79d5f3f25fbcb92958d5e8d5709e7631e23c
Deleted: sha256:fe7dac53adebe33519b4e4fc577bfcddd7372cc313c35fae681fc82fb325fdc0
[root@l4 containerd]# docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
mysql         latest    0716d6ebcc1a   2 weeks ago    514MB
ubuntu        latest    fb52e22af1b0   3 weeks ago    72.8MB
hello-world   latest    d1165f221234   6 months ago   13.3kB
[root@l4 containerd]# 

删除全部的镜像
docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq)

[root@l4 containerd]# 
[root@l4 containerd]# docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
mysql         latest    0716d6ebcc1a   2 weeks ago    514MB
ubuntu        latest    fb52e22af1b0   3 weeks ago    72.8MB
hello-world   latest    d1165f221234   6 months ago   13.3kB
[root@l4 containerd]# docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq)
Untagged: mysql:latest
Untagged: mysql@sha256:99e0989e7e3797cfbdb8d51a19d32c8d286dd8862794d01a547651a896bcf00c
Deleted: sha256:0716d6ebcc1a61c5a296fcb187e71f93531e510d4e4400267e2e502103d0194c
Deleted: sha256:dc895a08d34b5b81fc4ca087d2ad52cbe1a2050e249040a22c5f2eabf2f384ba
Deleted: sha256:660229dcf1a452460127a498b9f3f161e7ca94507353ded8af92fe9ab55a32ed
Deleted: sha256:6b26fa2fc4e2150aee2f2557bcbfaf727c00d1650ea08d8ed3fe7c8a6caaa88b
Deleted: sha256:c20303553d5d2594e1655000089b12eca8db7afdcb068cc35fc47ebfe3dab5fb
Deleted: sha256:77a3d69619bfea7b30831a41a32bbf61756c9f95513743deea8daa9a83ff2646
Deleted: sha256:9578f1c7f00f400b3f71be0ee721cbc0892e05e454323e1a74a6e56ae1dafdab
Deleted: sha256:335f9f9fbbd8977530806ed5439a2b67f1c06117f752a2598698de4ae304c516
Deleted: sha256:e15ed274d47a7d6ddff0afcc628143254c69128a9d2379900ebb519e7c6c2bce
Deleted: sha256:51930b767631b583738d75519bed2a8cc757c5b0c904617972386462deee2ca7
Deleted: sha256:43bd682fb659113a8ab168032d8f82dee86d2cee5cee2e146af6c3a6f9ccef18
Deleted: sha256:1957f1873568b423369e0299de6c9b75a111fea807b0c07506ba45d075ca8f80
Deleted: sha256:d000633a56813933cb0ac5ee3246cf7a4c0205db6290018a169d7cb096581046
Untagged: ubuntu:latest
Untagged: ubuntu@sha256:9d6a8699fb5c9c39cf08a0871bd6219f0400981c570894cd8cbea30d3424a31f
Deleted: sha256:fb52e22af1b01869e23e75089c368a1130fa538946d0411d47f964f8b1076180
Deleted: sha256:4942a1abcbfa1c325b1d7ed93d3cf6020f555be706672308a4a4a6b6d631d2e7
Untagged: hello-world:latest
Untagged: hello-world@sha256:61bd3cb6014296e214ff4c6407a5a7e7092dfa8eefdbbec539e133e97f63e09f
Deleted: sha256:d1165f2212346b2bab48cb01c1e39ee8ad1be46b87873d9ca7a4e434980a7726
[root@l4 containerd]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID   CREATED   SIZE
[root@l4 containerd]# 

3.容器命令

1.docker run 启动容器命令

docker run -it centos /bin/bash 启动并进入容器

[root@l4 containerd]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED      SIZE
centos       latest    5d0da3dc9764   5 days ago   231MB
[root@l4 containerd]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@bbe14e09004f /]#

2.从容器中退回主机
exit 容器停止并退出
ctrl + P+Q 容器不停止退出

[root@bbe14e09004f /]# exit
exit
[root@l4 containerd]# 

3.列出所有运行的容器
docker ps 命令

[root@l4 containerd]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@l4 containerd]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND       CREATED             STATUS                         PORTS     NAMES
bbe14e09004f   centos         "/bin/bash"   5 minutes ago       Exited (0) 3 minutes ago                 zen_carson
a8380072a23d   d1165f221234   "/hello"      About an hour ago   Exited (0) About an hour ago             nervous_darwin
0ea914a9ad08   d1165f221234   "/hello"      About an hour ago   Exited (0) About an hour ago             thirsty_taussig
[root@l4 containerd]# docker ps -aq
bbe14e09004f
a8380072a23d
0ea914a9ad08
[root@l4 containerd]# docker ps -n=1
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS                     PORTS     NAMES
bbe14e09004f   centos    "/bin/bash"   6 minutes ago   Exited (0) 4 minutes ago             zen_carson
[root@l4 containerd]# docker ps -n=2
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND       CREATED             STATUS                         PORTS     NAMES
bbe14e09004f   centos         "/bin/bash"   6 minutes ago       Exited (0) 4 minutes ago                 zen_carson
a8380072a23d   d1165f221234   "/hello"      About an hour ago   Exited (0) About an hour ago             nervous_darwin

4.删除容器

docker rm 容器id #删除指定容器，不能删除正在运行容器，如果要删除 rm -f
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)		   #删除所有容器
docker ps  -a  -q | xargs docker rm 	#删除所有容器

5.启动和停止容器