Lnmp搭建详细步骤

Lnmp(linux+ nginx+mysql+php) web服务器环境搭建详细步骤:

 

  1. 首先进入linux系统,因为操作都在终端进行,故先安装vim插件,方便后续操作。                                            

Apt-get install  vim 完成安装。

  1. 准备软件包

Autoconf-2.61.tar.gz              mcrypt-2.6.7.tar.gz

Eaccelerator -0.9.6.1.tar.gz(加速器)  memcache -2.2.3.tar.gz

mhash-0.9.9.tar.gz                freetype -2.3.5.tar.gz

mysql-5.5.14.tar.gz                gd-2.0.35.tar.gz

Imagick -2.2.2.tar.gz               nginx -0.7.21.tar.gz

ImageMagick -6.7.5-0.tar.gz         jpeg -6b.tar.gz

Libiconv -1.12.tar.gz               pcre -8.32.tar.gz

PDO_mysql -1.0.2.tar.gz            libmcrypt -2.5.8.tar.gz

Php -5.2.6 –fpm -0.5.9.diff.gz        php-5.3.19.tar.gz

Libpng -1.2.31.tar.gz               zlib -1.2.7.tar.gz

Libxml2 -2.6.30.tar.gz

  1. 检查安装使用的编译工具Gcc是否存在。

Gcc –v

Apt-get install gcc

Apt-get install g++

Apt-get install make

  1. 安装PHP之前,应先安装PHP5需要的最新版本库文件,例如libxml2、libmcrypt以及GD2库等文件。安装GD2库是为了让PHP5支持GIF、PNG和JPEG图片格式,所以在安装GD2库之前还要先安装最新的zlib、libpng、freetype和jpegsrc等库文件

1). 安装libxml2最新库文件

    ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libxml2

p   # make

p   # make install

   2). 安装libmcrypt最新库文件

p      ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libmcrypt

p   # make

p  # make install

   3). 安装zlib最新库文件

p      #./configure

p   # make

p  # make install

4) .安装libpng最新库文件

p  # ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libpng

p   # make

p  # make install

5). 安装jpeg6最新库文件

    首先看有没有安装libtool 及 libtool-ltdl-devel
rpm   -qa | grep   libtool

然后进入jpeg-6b的源码目录,然后执行以下步骤,切记!COPY到当前目录注意后面的点(.)

cp   /usr/share/libtool/config.sub  .
cp   /usr/share/libtool/config.guess  .

也就是把 libtool里面的两个配置文件拿来覆盖掉jpeg-6b目录下的对应文件
make clean 再重新configure
没有权限的时候先建立对应的文件夹,再次make install就行了

 

#mkdir /usr/local/jpeg6            //建立jpeg6软件安装目录

p  # mkdir /usr/local/jpeg6/bin    //建立存放命令的目录

p  # mkdir /usr/local/jpeg6/lib     //创建jpeg6库文件所在目录

p  # mkdir /usr/local/jpeg6/include      //建立存放头文件目录

p  # mkdir -p /usr/local/jpeg6/man/man1 //建立存放手册的目录

p  # ./configure  \

> --prefix=/usr/local/jpeg6/ \             

p  > --enable-shared \                     //建立共享库使用的GNU的libtool

p  > --enable-static                       //建立静态库使用的GNU的libtool

p  Make && make install

6). 安装freetype最新库文件

p  # ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/freetype

p  # make

p  # make install

7). 安装autoconf最新的库文件

p  # ./configure

p  # make

p  # make install

8). 安装最新的GD库文件

p  #./configure  \    //配置命令

> --prefix=/usr/local/gd2/  \               //指定软件安装的位置

> --with-zlib=/usr/local/zlib/  \             //指定到哪去找zlib库文件的位置

> --with-jpeg=/usr/local/jpeg6/  \         //指定到哪去找jpeg库文件的位置

> --with-png=/usr/local/libpng/  \         //指定到哪去找png库文件的位置

> --with-freetype=/usr/local/freetype/       //指定到哪去找freetype 2.x字体库的位置

p  Make && make install

注意:可能出现错误

make[2]: *** [gd_png.lo] Error 1
make[2]: Leaving directory `/tmp/gd-2.0.26gif'
make[1]: *** [all-recursive] Error 1
make[1]: Leaving directory `/tmp/gd-2.0.26gif'
make: *** [all] Error 2

解决方法:vi gd_png.c    找到“png.h”改成“/usr/local/libpng/include/png.h”

  1. 安装PHP 5.2.6FastCGI模式)

1). 编译安装PHP 5.2.6所需的支持库:

      tar -zxvf libiconv-1.12.tar.gz

cd libiconv-1.12/

./configure --prefix=/usr/local

make

make install

   2). 安装libmcrypt

       tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz

cd libmcrypt-2.5.8/

./configure

make

make install

/sbin/ldconfig

cd libltdl/

./configure --enable-ltdl-install

make

make install

cd http://www.cnblogs.com/

 

3). 安装mhash-0.9.9

      ./configure

make

make install

 

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la /usr/lib/libmcrypt.la    #创建符号链接

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so

ln -s/usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a /usr/lib/libmhash.a

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.la /usr/lib/libmhash.la

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so /usr/lib/libmhash.so

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1

4). 安装mcrypt-2.6.7

      /sbin/ldconfig

./configure

make

make install

  1. 编译安装MySQL(注:mysql5.5以后版本需要用cmake编译)

1).先安装cmake

# wget http://www.cmake.org/files/v2.8/cmake-2.8.4.tar.gz
# tar zxvf cmake-2.8.4.tar.gz
# cd cmake-2.8.4
#.configure
# make && make install

2).创建mysql安装目录

     #mkdir -p /usr/local/webserver/mysql/

3).创建数据存放目录

     #mkdir –p /data/mysql/

4).创建用户和用户组与赋予数据存放目录权限

     #groupadd mysql

     #useradd –g mysql mysql

     #chown mysql.mysql –R /data/mysql/

5) .编译mysql-5.5

     先安装一些必须的软件apt-get install cmake automake autoconf bison

    apt-get install libncurses5-dev

cmake . \
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/ \
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/mysql \
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/data/mysql/mysqld.sock \
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \
-DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 \
-DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all \-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \
-DMYSQL_USER=mysql \
-DWITH_DEBUG=0

[出现警告:The variable, 'MYSQL USER', specified manually, was not used during the generation. ,可以忽略]

        Make && make install

     6).复制配置文件

          # cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf

          # cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

          # chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld

      7).初始化数据库

          bash scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/webserver/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql/

      8).启动mysql服务

          # /etc/init.d/mysqld start  或者service mysqld start

          Ps –ef | grep mysql 查看是否启动

           /usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql –u root –p 登录数据库

      9). 开启远程登录

         One: 改表法

         可能是你的帐号不允许从远程登陆,只能在localhost。这个时候只要在localhost的那台电脑,登入mysql后,更改“mysql” 数据库里的 “user” 表里的 “host” 项,从“localhost”改称“%”

         x:\>mysql -u root -pvmware

mysql> use mysql;

mysql> update user set host = ‘%’ where user = ‘root’;

mysql> select host, user from user;

mysql> flush privileges;

         Two:授权法

         例如,你想myuser使用mypassword从任何主机连接到mysql服务器的话。

             Mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to ‘myuser’@’%’identified by ‘mypassword’ with  grant option;

  1. 编译安装PHP(FastCGI模式)

可能出现错误:error: Cannot find OpenSSL’s

Solutions:apt-get install libcurl3-openssl-dev 

   出现

  configure: error: sasl.h not found!

  安装

  apt-get install libsasl2-dev

 

make: *** [ext/phar/phar.php] 错误 127
find / -name libmysqlclient.so.18
结果是在: /usr/local/mysql/lib/libmysqlclient.so.18
做个链接:ln -s /usr/local/mysql/lib/libmysqlclient.so.18 /usr/lib/

 

tar zxvf php-5.3.19.tar.gz

gzip -cd php-5.2.6-fpm-0.5.9.diff.gz | patch -d php-5.2.6 -p1

cd php-5.2.6/

./configure

--prefix=/usr/local/webserver/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/webserver/php/etc --with-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql --with-mysqli=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-iconv-dir=/usr/local --with-freetype-dir=/usr/local/freetype --with-jpeg-dir=/usr/local/jpeg6

--with-png-dir=/usr/local/libpng  

--with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr/local/libxml2 --enable-xml --disable-rpath --enable-discard-path --enable-safe-mode --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization --with-curl --with-curlwrappers --enable-mbregex --enable-fastcgi --enable-fpm --enable-force-cgi-redirect --enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt --with-gd-dir=/usr/local/gd2 --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-openssl –with-mhash  

--enable-pcntl  --enable-sockets  --with-ldap  --with-ldap-sasl  --with-xmlrpc

--enable-zip –enable-soap –without-pear

Make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS=’-liconv’

make install

cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini

cd ../

 1). 编译安装php5扩展模块

[memcache]

     tar zxvf memcache-2.2.3.tgz

cd memcache-2.2.3/

/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize

./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config

make

make install

cd ../

 [eaccelerator加速器]

 tar jxvf eaccelerator-0.9.5.3.tar.bz2

cd eaccelerator-0.9.5.3/

/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize

./configure

--enable-eaccelerator=shared

--with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config

make

make install

cd ../

[PDO_MYSQL]

 cd PDO_mysql-1.0.2/

 ./configure –with-php-config=/usr/localwebserver/php/bin/php-config

 --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql

 Make

 Make install

[ImageMagick-6.5.1-2]

 cd ImageMagick-6.5.1-2/

 ./configure

 make && make install

 

[imagick-2.2.2]

 cd imagick-2.2.2/

 /usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize

 ./configure –with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config

 Make && make install

2).修改php.ini 文件

       查找/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini中的extension_dir = "./"

修改为extension_dir = "/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"

  并在此行后增加以下几行,然后保存:

  extension = "memcache.so"

extension = “pdo_mysql.so”

extension = “imagick.so”

 

3). 配置eAccelerator加速PHP:

    mkdir -p /usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache

vi /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini

按shift+g键跳到配置文件的最末尾,加上以下配置信息:

   [eaccelerator]

zend_extension="/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20090626/eaccelerator.so"

eaccelerator.shm_size="128"

eaccelerator.cache_dir="/usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache"

eaccelerator.enable="1"

eaccelerator.optimizer="1"

eaccelerator.check_mtime="1"

eaccelerator.debug="0"

eaccelerator.filter=""

eaccelerator.shm_max="0"

eaccelerator.shm_ttl="300"

eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="120"

eaccelerator.shm_only="0"

eaccelerator.compress="1"

eaccelerator.compress_level="9"

 

 

  修改配置文件:

vi /etc/sysctl.conf

 

  输入以下内容:

kernel.shmmax = 134217728

不执行上面操作可能出现下面错误

Starting php_fpm eAccelerator: Could not allocate 67108864 bytes, the maximum size the kernel allows is 33554432 bytes. Lower the amount of memory request or increase the limit in /proc/sys/kernel/shmmax. PHP Warning: [eAccelerator] Can not create shared memory area in Unknown on line 0 PHP Fatal error: Unable to start eAccelerator module in Unknown on line 0 failed

然后执行以下命令使配置生效:

/sbin/sysctl -p

4). 创建www用户和组

   /usr/sbin/groupadd www -g 48

/usr/sbin/useradd -u 48 -g www www

mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/www

chmod +w /data0/htdocs/www

chown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/www

5).创建php-fpm配置文件

   cp /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf

 

  配置参数如下:

[global]

pid = run/php-fpm.pid

error_log = log/php-fpm.log

emergency_restart_threshold = 10

emergency_restart_interval = 1m

process_control_timeout = 10s

 

rlimit_files = 1048576

 

[www]

user = nobody

group = nogroup

listen = /tmp/php-cgi.sock

 

pm = ondemand

pm.max_children = 100

pm.process_idle_timeout = 5s

pm.start_servers = 2

pm.min_spare_servers = 1

pm.max_spare_servers = 3

 

slowlog = /var/log/slow.log

request_slowlog_timeout = 5s

request_terminate_timeout = 10s

rlimit_files = 10240                  

 

注意红色部分:有可能出现502 bad gateway 错误

6).启动php-cgi进程

   ulimit –SHn 65535

   /usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm start

  

  注:php5.3以前的版本 usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm还有其他参数,包括:start|stop|quit|restart|reload|logrotate,修改php.ini后不重启php-cgi,重新加载配置文件使用reload

  1. 安装Nginx 0.7.21

 

1).安装nginx所需的pcre库:

    tar zxvf pcre-7.7.tar.gz

cd pcre-7.7/

./configure

make && make install

cd ../

 2). 安装nginx

     tar zxvf nginx-0.7.21.tar.gz

     cd nginx-0.7.21/

./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module

make && make install

cd ../

  3).创建nginx日志目录

 

      mkdir -p /data1/logs

chmod +w /data1/logs

chown -R www:www /data1/logs

   4).创建nginx配置文件

cp /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf.default  nginx.conf

 

配置如下:

user  www www;

 

worker_processes 8;

 

error_log  /data1/logs/nginx_error.log  crit;

 

pid     /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid;

 

#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process.

worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;

 

events

{

 use epoll;

 worker_connections 51200;

}

 

http

{

 include    mime.types;

 default_type  application/octet-stream;

 

 #charset  gb2312;

  

 server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;

 client_header_buffer_size 32k;

 large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;

 client_max_body_size 8m;

  

 sendfile on;

 tcp_nopush   on;

 

 keepalive_timeout 60;

 

 tcp_nodelay on;

 

 fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;

 fastcgi_send_timeout 300;

 fastcgi_read_timeout 300;

 fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;

 fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;

 fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;

 fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;

 

 gzip on;

 gzip_min_length  1k;

 gzip_buffers   4 16k;

 gzip_http_version 1.0;

 gzip_comp_level 2;

 gzip_types    text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;

 gzip_vary on;

 

 #limit_zone  crawler  $binary_remote_addr  10m;

 

 server

 {

  listen    80;

  server_name  demo.test.com;

  index index.html index.htm index.php;

  root  /data0/htdocs/www;

 

  #limit_conn  crawler  20;  

             

  location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$

  {   

   fastcgi_pass  unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;   注意此配置项

   #fastcgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9000;

   fastcgi_index index.php;

   include fcgi.conf;

  }

 

  location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$

  {

   expires    30d;

  }

 

  location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$

  {

   expires    1h;

  }  

 

  log_format  access  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '

       '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '

       '"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';

  access_log  /data1/logs/access.log  access;

}

}

5).在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/ 目录下创建fcgi.conf文件

   Vi  fcgi.conf

fastcgi_param  GATEWAY_INTERFACE  CGI/1.1;

fastcgi_param  SERVER_SOFTWARE   nginx;

 

fastcgi_param  QUERY_STRING    $query_string;

fastcgi_param  REQUEST_METHOD   $request_method;

fastcgi_param  CONTENT_TYPE    $content_type;

fastcgi_param  CONTENT_LENGTH   $content_length;

 

fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME   $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;

fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_NAME     $fastcgi_script_name;

fastcgi_param  REQUEST_URI     $request_uri;

fastcgi_param  DOCUMENT_URI    $document_uri;

fastcgi_param  DOCUMENT_ROOT    $document_root;

fastcgi_param  SERVER_PROTOCOL   $server_protocol;

 

fastcgi_param  REMOTE_ADDR     $remote_addr;

fastcgi_param  REMOTE_PORT     $remote_port;

fastcgi_param  SERVER_ADDR     $server_addr;

fastcgi_param  SERVER_PORT     $server_port;

fastcgi_param  SERVER_NAME     $server_name;

 

# PHP only, required if PHP was built with --enable-force-cgi-redirect

fastcgi_param  REDIRECT_STATUS   200;

   6).启动nginx

     Ulimit –SHn 51200

   /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx

  

  1. 配置开机自动启动nginx+php

 

Vi /etc/rc.local

  在末尾增加以下内容

  Ulimit –SHn 51200

  /usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm

  /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx

10. 优化linux 内核参数

vi /etc/sysctl.conf

在末尾增加以下内容

 

net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30

net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300

net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1

net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1

net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000   65000

 

 

  使配置立即生效:

/sbin/sysctl -p

11. 在不停止nginx服务的情况下平滑变更nginx配置

1、修改/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf配置文件后,请执行以下命令检查配置文件是否正确:

/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -t

 

如果屏幕显示以下两行信息,说明配置文件正确:

 the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok

 the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf was tested successfully

 

2、这时,输入以下命令查看Nginx主进程号:

ps -ef | grep "nginx: master process" | grep -v "grep" | awk -F ' ' '{print $2}'

 

屏幕显示的即为Nginx主进程号,例如:

  6302

这时,执行以下命令即可使修改过的Nginx配置文件生效:

kill -HUP 6302

或者无需这么麻烦,找到Nginx的Pid文件:

kill -HUP `cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid`

 

12. 编写每天定时切割nginx日子的脚本

       1、创建脚本/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh

vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh

 

  输入以下内容:

#!/bin/bash

# This script run at 00:00

 

# The Nginx logs path

logs_path="/usr/local/webserver/nginx/logs/"

 

mkdir -p ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/

mv ${logs_path}access.log ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/access_$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y%m%d").log

kill -USR1 `cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid`

 

 

  2、设置crontab,每天凌晨00:00切割nginx访问日志

crontab -e

 

  输入以下内容:

00 00 * * * /bin/bash  /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/cobobryan/archive/2013/03/16/2962528.html

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