linux多线程编程,替代sleep的几种方式

我只想要进程的某个线程休眠一段时间的,可是用sleep()是将整个进程都休眠的,这个可能就达不到,我们想要的效果了。 目前我知道有三种方式:

1 usleep

这个是轻量级的, 听说能可一实现线程休眠, 我个人并不喜欢这种方式,所以我没有验证它的可行信(个人不推荐)。

2 select

这个可以,我也用过这种方式, 它是在轮询。

3 pthread_cond_timedwait

采用pthread_cond_timedwait(pthread_cond_t* cond, pthread_mutex_t *mutex, const struct timespec *abstime)可以优雅的解决该问题,设置等待条件变量cond,如果超时,则返回;如果等待到条件变量cond,也返回。本文暂不将内部机理,仅演示一个demo。

首先,看这段代码,thr_fn为一个线程函数:

  1. #include <stdio.h>
  2. #include <stdlib.h>
  3. int flag = 1;
  4. void * thr_fn(void * arg) {
  5. while (flag){
  6. printf("******\n");
  7. sleep(10);
  8. }
  9. printf("sleep test thread exit\n");
  10. }
  11. int main() {
  12. pthread_t thread;
  13. if (0 != pthread_create(&thread, NULL, thr_fn, NULL)) {
  14. printf("error when create pthread,%d\n", errno);
  15. return 1;
  16. }
  17. char c ;
  18. while ((c = getchar()) != 'q');
  19. printf("Now terminate the thread!\n");
  20. flag = 0;
  21. printf("Wait for thread to exit\n");
  22. pthread_join(thread, NULL);
  23. printf("Bye\n");
  24. return 0;
  25. }
#include <stdio.h>

#include <stdlib.h>



int flag = 1;

void * thr_fn(void * arg) {

  while (flag){

    printf("******\n");

    sleep(10);

  }

  printf("sleep test thread exit\n");

}

 

int main() {

  pthread_t thread;

  if (0 != pthread_create(&thread, NULL, thr_fn, NULL)) {

    printf("error when create pthread,%d\n", errno);

    return 1;

  }

 

  char c ;

  while ((c = getchar()) != 'q');

 

  printf("Now terminate the thread!\n");

  flag = 0;

  printf("Wait for thread to exit\n");

  pthread_join(thread, NULL);

  printf("Bye\n");

  return 0;

}

输入q后,需要等线程从sleep中醒来(由挂起状态变为运行状态),即最坏情况要等10s,线程才会被join。采用sleep的缺点:不能及时唤醒线程。
采用pthread_cond_timedwait函数实现的如下:

 

 

  1. #include <stdio.h>
  2. #include <sys/time.h>
  3. #include <unistd.h>
  4. #include <pthread.h>
  5. #include <errno.h>
  6. static pthread_t thread;
  7. static pthread_cond_t cond;
  8. static pthread_mutex_t mutex;
  9. staticint flag = 1;
  10. void * thr_fn(void * arg)
  11. {
  12. struct timeval now;
  13. struct timespec outtime;
  14. pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);
  15. while (flag) {
  16. printf("*****\n");
  17. gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
  18. outtime.tv_sec = now.tv_sec + 5;
  19. outtime.tv_nsec = now.tv_usec * 1000;
  20. pthread_cond_timedwait(&cond, &mutex, &outtime);
  21. }
  22. pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);
  23. printf("cond thread exit\n");
  24. }
  25. int main(void)
  26. {
  27. pthread_mutex_init(&mutex, NULL);
  28. pthread_cond_init(&cond, NULL);
  29. if (0 != pthread_create(&thread, NULL, thr_fn, NULL)) {
  30. printf("error when create pthread,%d\n", errno);
  31. return 1;
  32. }
  33. char c ;
  34. while ((c = getchar()) != 'q');
  35. printf("Now terminate the thread!\n");
  36. pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);
  37. flag = 0;
  38. pthread_cond_signal(&cond);
  39. pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);
  40. printf("Wait for thread to exit\n");
  41. pthread_join(thread, NULL);
  42. printf("Bye\n");
  43. return 0;
  44. }
#include <stdio.h>

#include <sys/time.h>

#include <unistd.h>

#include <pthread.h>

#include <errno.h>

 

static pthread_t thread;

static pthread_cond_t cond;

static pthread_mutex_t mutex;

static int flag = 1;

 

void * thr_fn(void * arg) 

{

  struct timeval now;

  struct timespec outtime;

  pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);

  while (flag) {

    printf("*****\n");

    gettimeofday(&now, NULL);

    outtime.tv_sec = now.tv_sec + 5;

    outtime.tv_nsec = now.tv_usec * 1000;

    pthread_cond_timedwait(&cond, &mutex, &outtime);

  }

  pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);

  printf("cond thread exit\n");

}

 

int main(void) 

{

  pthread_mutex_init(&mutex, NULL);

  pthread_cond_init(&cond, NULL);

  if (0 != pthread_create(&thread, NULL, thr_fn, NULL)) {

    printf("error when create pthread,%d\n", errno);

    return 1;

  }

  char c ;

  while ((c = getchar()) != 'q');

  printf("Now terminate the thread!\n");



  pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);

  flag = 0;

  pthread_cond_signal(&cond);

  pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);

  printf("Wait for thread to exit\n");

  pthread_join(thread, NULL);

  printf("Bye\n");

  return 0;

}

 

 

pthread_cond_timedwait()函数阻塞住调用该函数的线程,等待由cond指定的条件被触发(pthread_cond_broadcast() or pthread_cond_signal())。

当pthread_cond_timedwait()被调用时,调用线程必须已经锁住了mutex。函数pthread_cond_timedwait()会对mutex进行【解锁和执行对条件的等待】(原子操作)。这里的原子意味着:解锁和执行条件的等待是原则的,一体的。(In this case, atomically means with respect to the mutex andthe condition variable and other access by threads to those objectsthrough the pthread condition variable interfaces.)

如果等待条件满足或超时,或线程被取消,调用线程需要在线程继续执行前先自动锁住mutex,如果没有锁住mutex,产生EPERM错误。即,该函数返回时,mutex已经被调用线程锁住。

等待的时间通过abstime参数(绝对系统时间,过了该时刻就超时)指定,超时则返回ETIMEDOUT错误码。开始等待后,等待时间不受系统时钟改变的影响。

尽管时间通过秒和纳秒指定,系统时间是毫秒粒度的。需要根据调度和优先级原因,设置的时间长度应该比预想的时间要多或者少点。可以通过使用系统时钟接口gettimeofday()获得timeval结构体。

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