如何用Python爬取股市数据，并进行数据可视化

前言

不知道大家的诺安还在硬抗吗？小编已经无所谓了，等几年可以吧。之前草草整理了WS09-实例3-股票数据定向爬虫,可以对照本文查看学习。

用到的开发工具：win10+ pycharm

• 知识点：
  爬虫基本原理与实现
  数据清洗
  数据可视化模块的使用

代码全文

import requests
import json

cookies = {
     
    'em_hq_fls': 'js',
    'intellpositionL': '1183.35px',
    'qgqp_b_id': '6cdb4545d54847a6ba866ec9988257d7',
    'HAList': 'f-0-000001-^%^u4E0A^%^u8BC1^%^u6307^%^u6570^%^2Cf-0-399006-^%^u521B^%^u4E1A^%^u677F^%^u6307',
    'st_si': '50814251175810',
    'st_asi': 'delete',
    'cowCookie': 'true',
    'waptgshowtime': '2020910',
    'intellpositionT': '855px',
    'st_pvi': '34028334954211',
    'st_sp': '2020-08-15^%^2012^%^3A26^%^3A07',
    'st_inirUrl': 'https^%^3A^%^2F^%^2Fwww.eastmoney.com^%^2F',
    'st_sn': '28',
    'st_psi': '2020091023050697-113300300813-9772057314',
}

headers = {
     
    'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate',
    'Accept-Language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.9',
    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/70.0.3538.25 Safari/537.36 Core/1.70.3775.400 QQBrowser/10.6.4209.400',
    'Accept': '*/*',
    'Referer': 'http://data.eastmoney.com/zjlx/detail.html',
    'Connection': 'keep-alive',
}

params = (
    ('pn', '1^'),
    ('pz', '50^'),
    ('po', '0^'),
    ('np', '1^'),
    ('ut', 'b2884a393a59ad64002292a3e90d46a5^'),
    ('fltt', '2^'),
    ('invt', '2^'),
    ('fid0', 'f4001^'),
    ('fid', 'f62^'),
    ('fs', 'm:0 t:6 f:^!2,m:0 t:13 f:^!2,m:0 t:80 f:^!2,m:1 t:2 f:^!2,m:1 t:23 f:^!2,m:0 t:7 f:^!2,m:1 t:3 f:^!2^'),
    ('stat', '1^'),
    ('fields', 'f12,f14,f2,f3,f62,f184,f66,f69,f72,f75,f78,f81,f84,f87,f204,f205,f124^'),
    ('rt', '53325010^'),
    #('cb', 'jQuery183007533213360607016_1599750291500^'),
    ('_', '1599750306764'),
)

response = requests.get('http://push2.eastmoney.com/api/qt/clist/get', headers=headers, params=params, cookies=cookies)

#print(response) #

#第二步：数据清洗
#print(response.text)
#print(type(response.text)) #json格式


resp_dict = json.loads(response.text)#将字符串转化为字典格式

#print(resp_dict)
#print(type(resp_dict))

datas = resp_dict.get('data').get('diff')
print(datas)

companies = []
prices = []

for data in datas:
    #print(data)
    #1.公司名
    company = data.get('f14')
    #2.机构买入市场份额
    share = data.get('f184')
    #share_5 = data.get('f165')
    # share_10 = data.get('f175')
    #公司当天股价
    price = data.get('f2')
    #自动化
    #重点塑造下，筛选的作用，当天机构买入份额大于10%，且5天内机构买入份额大于10%，且10天内机构买入份额大于5%，
    if share <=10 and price >= 15:
        print(company)
        #if share_1 >=0 and share_5 >=0 and share_10 >=0:
        companies.append(company)
        prices.append(price)


print(companies)
print(prices)

#50min
#第三步：数据可视化-数据分析——数据显示——数据更加炫酷，表达力更强
from pyecharts.charts import  Bar #画图
import pyecharts.charts as opts   #画图设置

bar = Bar() #面向对象，就相当于是借助别人完成事情
bar.add_xaxis(companies)
bar.add_yaxis('股价图',prices)

'''这里是为了将图标的标注进行修改，但是出错了
bar.set_global_opts(
     xaxis_opts=opts.AxisOpts(
         axislabel_opts = opts.LabelOpts(rotate=-40)
     ),
     yaxis_opts=opts.AxisOpts(name='价格:{元/股}') )
'''
bar.render('股价图.html')

代码中的几个点

1.利用GitHub直接提取网址

https://curl.trillworks.com/#

2. 提取出想要的字典格式

<Response [200]>
jQuery183007533213360607016_1599750291500^({
     "rc":0,"rt":6,"svr":182481190,"lt":1,"full":1,"data":{
     "total":4279,"diff":[{
     "f2":4.83,"f3":-20.03,"f12":"300185","f14":"通裕重工","f62":-734992592.0,"f66":-631404048.0,"f69":-15.32,"f72":-103588544.0,"f75":-2.51,"f78":307234080.0,"f81":7.45,"f84":427758512.0,"f87":10.38,"f124":1599723243,"f184":-17.83,"f204":"-","f205":"-","f206":"-"},{
     "f2":5.09,"f3":-3.96,"f12":"000725","f14":"京东方Ａ","f62":-685526240.0,"f66":-679164576.0,"f69":-15.08,"f72":-6361664.0,"f75":-0.14,"f78":290591040.0,"f81":6.45,"f84":394935184.0,"f87":8.77,"f124":1599723243,"f184":-15.22,"f204":"-","f205":"-","f206":"-"},{
     "f2":32.99,"f3":-5.09,"f12":"000063","f14":"中兴通讯","f62":-658805573.0,"f66":-425784501.0,"f69":-12.93,"f72":-233021072.0,"f75":-7.08,"f78":91610528.0,"f81":2.78,"f84":567195040.0,"f87":17.23,"f124":1599723243,"f184":-20.01,"f204":"-","f205":"-","f206":"-"},{
     "f2":8.59,"f3":-9.96,"f12":"002617","f14":"露笑科技","f62":-415253360.0,"f66":-332234800.0,"f69":-12.35,"f72":-83018560.0,"f75":-3.09,"f78":200848720.0,"f81":7.47,"f84":214404640.0,"f87":7.97,"f124":1599723243,"f184":-15.43,"f204":"-","f205":"-","f206":"-"},{
     "f2":10.8,"f3":-10.67,"f12":"300088","f14":"长信科技","f62":-342407073.0,"f66":-238113361.0,"f69":-9.02,"f72":-104293712.0,"f75":-3.95,"f78":121743024.0,"f81":4.61,"f84":220664048.0,"f87":8.36,"f124":1599723243,"f184":-12.97,"f204":"-","f205":"-","f206":"-"},{
     "f2":6.59,"f3":-2.51,"f12":"000100","f14":"TCL科技","f62":-331744144.0,"f66":-251987872.0,"f69":-9.22,"f72":-79756272.0,"f75":-2.92,"f78":114186480.0,"f81":4.18,"f84":217557664.0,"f87":7.96,"f124":1599723243,"f184":-12.13,"f204":"-","f205":"-","f206":"-"},{
     "f2":4.08,"f3":-4.23,"f12":"601099","f14":"太平洋","f62":-331142508.0,"f66":-239302588.0,"f69":-18.67,"f72":-91839920.0,"f75":-7.16,"f78":97275552.0,"f81":7.59,"f84":233866951.0,"f87":18.24,"f124":1599723575,"f184":-25.83,"f204":"-","f205":"-","f206":"-"},{
     "f2":1.61,"f3":-10.06,"f12":"603077","f14":"和邦生物","f62":-311277605.0,"f66":-241406933.0,"f69":-18.95,"f72":-69870672.0,"f75":-5.48,"f78":120101040.0,"f81":9.43,"f84":191176572.0,"f87":15.01,"f124":1599723594,"f184":-24.43,"f204":"-","f205":"-","f206":"-"},{
     "f2":27.24,"f3":-8.44,"f12":"000938","f14":"紫光股份","f62":-311180762.0,"f66":-202739210.0,"f69":-12.4,"f72":-108441552.0,"f75":-6.63,"f78":45412576.0,"f81":2.78,"f84":265768192.0,"f87":16.26,"f124":1599723243,"f184":-19.03,"f204":"-","f205":"-","f206":"-"},{
     "f2":8.6,"f3":-10.04,"f12":"300017","f14":"网宿科技","f62":-303515205.0,"f66":-187595029.0,"f69":-12.34,"f72":-115920176.0,"f75":-7.62,"f78":138038224.0,"f81":9.08,"f84":165476976.0,"f87":10.88,"f124":1599723243,"f184":-19.96,"f204":"-","f205":"-","f206":"-"},{
     "f2":1.71,"f3":-8.56,"f12":"600221","f14":"海航控股","f62":-276296915.0,"f66":-235673283.0,"f69":-18.17,"f72":-40623632.0,"f75":-3.13,"f78":126677104.0,"f81":9.77,"f84":149619802.0,"f87":11.54,"f124":1599723575,"f184":-21.3,"f204":"-","f205":"-","f206":"-"},{
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     "f2":8.0,"f3":-19.76,"f12":"300376","f14":"易事特","f62":-140610583.0,"f66":-77540791.0,"f69":-3.6,"f72":-63069792.0,"f75":-2.93,"f78":44229584.0,"f81":2.06,"f84":96380992.0,"f87":4.48,"f124":1599723243,"f184":-6.54,"f204":"-","f205":"-","f206":"-"},{
     "f2":6.05,"f3":-13.45,"f12":"300002","f14":"神州泰岳","f62":-139687038.0,"f66":-89171548.0,"f69":-8.36,"f72":-50515490.0,"f75":-4.74,"f78":35265024.0,"f81":3.31,"f84":104422012.0,"f87":9.79,"f124":1599723243,"f184":-13.1,"f204":"-","f205":"-","f206":"-"},{
     "f2":9.7,"f3":-3.0,"f12":"002797","f14":"第一创业","f62":-138525067.0,"f66":-56038580.0,"f69":-4.77,"f72":-82486487.0,"f75":-7.02,"f78":8651184.0,"f81":0.74,"f84":129873888.0,"f87":11.05,"f124":1599723243,"f184":-11.79,"f204":"-","f205":"-","f206":"-"},{
     "f2":14.26,"f3":-2.73,"f12":"002456","f14":"欧菲光","f62":-134363017.0,"f66":-69937799.0,"f69":-5.8,"f72":-64425218.0,"f75":-5.35,"f78":12334208.0,"f81":1.02,"f84":122028816.0,"f87":10.13,"f124":1599723243,"f184":-11.15,"f204":"-","f205":"-","f206":"-"},{
     "f2":8.24,"f3":-20.0,"f12":"300008","f14":"天海防务","f62":-133905556.0,"f66":-49323078.0,"f69":-3.41,"f72":-84582478.0,"f75":-5.85,"f78":24040656.0,"f81":1.66,"f84":109864880.0,"f87":7.6,"f124":1599723243,"f184":-9.27,"f204":"-","f205":"-","f206":"-"},{
     "f2":12.98,"f3":-7.75,"f12":"600155","f14":"华创阳安","f62":-130995386.0,"f66":-85384291.0,"f69":-12.4,"f72":-45611095.0,"f75":-6.62,"f78":30373012.0,"f81":4.41,"f84":100622371.0,"f87":14.61,"f124":1599723585,"f184":-19.02,"f204":"-","f205":"-","f206":"-"}]}}

3.从字典里面处理数据

基础知识示例

#数据类型

#字典
dict ={
     'a':1,'b':2,'c':{
     'd': 3}}

print(dict['b'])
print(dict.get('a')) #none
#区别：第一个方式取错，会报错；第二个只会返回一个none
print(dict.get('c').get('d')) #取出3

#列表
list = []

list.append(1)
list.append(2)
list.append(3)
print(list)

将字符串提取为字典

<Response [200]>
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     'f2': 5.04, 'f3': -0.79, 'f12': '600050', 'f14': '中国联通', 'f62': -144255847.0, 'f66': -68659137.0, 'f69': -11.66, 'f72': -75596710.0, 'f75': -12.84, 'f78': 69309228.0, 'f81': 11.77, 'f84': 74946618.0, 'f87': 12.73, 'f124': 1599723605, 'f184': -24.5, 'f204': '-', 'f205': '-', 'f206': '-'}, {
     'f2': 5.03, 'f3': -0.2, 'f12': '601668', 'f14': '中国建筑', 'f62': -144067457.0, 'f66': -206710784.0, 'f69': -19.62, 'f72': 62643327.0, 'f75': 5.94, 'f78': 78479649.0, 'f81': 7.45, 'f84': 65587797.0, 'f87': 6.22, 'f124': 1599723575, 'f184': -13.67, 'f204': '-', 'f205': '-', 'f206': '-'}, {
     'f2': 16.8, 'f3': -20.0, 'f12': '300123', 'f14': '亚光科技', 'f62': -143970100.0, 'f66': -80606804.0, 'f69': -7.22, 'f72': -63363296.0, 'f75': -5.68, 'f78': 37000896.0, 'f81': 3.31, 'f84': 106969214.0, 'f87': 9.58, 'f124': 1599723243, 'f184': -12.9, 'f204': '-', 'f205': '-', 'f206': '-'}, {
     'f2': 8.0, 'f3': -19.76, 'f12': '300376', 'f14': '易事特', 'f62': -140610583.0, 'f66': -77540791.0, 'f69': -3.6, 'f72': -63069792.0, 'f75': -2.93, 'f78': 44229584.0, 'f81': 2.06, 'f84': 96380992.0, 'f87': 4.48, 'f124': 1599723243, 'f184': -6.54, 'f204': '-', 'f205': '-', 'f206': '-'}, {
     'f2': 6.05, 'f3': -13.45, 'f12': '300002', 'f14': '神州泰岳', 'f62': -139687038.0, 'f66': -89171548.0, 'f69': -8.36, 'f72': -50515490.0, 'f75': -4.74, 'f78': 35265024.0, 'f81': 3.31, 'f84': 104422012.0, 'f87': 9.79, 'f124': 1599723243, 'f184': -13.1, 'f204': '-', 'f205': '-', 'f206': '-'}, {
     'f2': 9.7, 'f3': -3.0, 'f12': '002797', 'f14': '第一创业', 'f62': -138525067.0, 'f66': -56038580.0, 'f69': -4.77, 'f72': -82486487.0, 'f75': -7.02, 'f78': 8651184.0, 'f81': 0.74, 'f84': 129873888.0, 'f87': 11.05, 'f124': 1599723243, 'f184': -11.79, 'f204': '-', 'f205': '-', 'f206': '-'}, {
     'f2': 14.26, 'f3': -2.73, 'f12': '002456', 'f14': '欧菲光', 'f62': -134363017.0, 'f66': -69937799.0, 'f69': -5.8, 'f72': -64425218.0, 'f75': -5.35, 'f78': 12334208.0, 'f81': 1.02, 'f84': 122028816.0, 'f87': 10.13, 'f124': 1599723243, 'f184': -11.15, 'f204': '-', 'f205': '-', 'f206': '-'}, {
     'f2': 8.24, 'f3': -20.0, 'f12': '300008', 'f14': '天海防务', 'f62': -133905556.0, 'f66': -49323078.0, 'f69': -3.41, 'f72': -84582478.0, 'f75': -5.85, 'f78': 24040656.0, 'f81': 1.66, 'f84': 109864880.0, 'f87': 7.6, 'f124': 1599723243, 'f184': -9.27, 'f204': '-', 'f205': '-', 'f206': '-'}, {
     'f2': 12.98, 'f3': -7.75, 'f12': '600155', 'f14': '华创阳安', 'f62': -130995386.0, 'f66': -85384291.0, 'f69': -12.4, 'f72': -45611095.0, 'f75': -6.62, 'f78': 30373012.0, 'f81': 4.41, 'f84': 100622371.0, 'f87': 14.61, 'f124': 1599723585, 'f184': -19.02, 'f204': '-', 'f205': '-', 'f206': '-'}]}}
<class 'dict'>

4.数据可视化

还要补充学习

后记

• 遇到的问题
  需要自己安装第三方库，如Bar、json等
  还有str与int之间不能比较
  数据可视化，修改的时候出现错误