Docker基础用法
Docker 基本用法
1. 什么是 Docker？
Docker 是以 「Docker 容器」为资源分割和调度的基本单位，封装整个软件运行时环境，为开发者和系统管理员设计的，用于构建、发布和运行分布式应用的平台。它是一个跨平台、可移植并且简单易用的容器解决方案。
Docker 的源代码托管在 GitHub 上，基于 Go 语言开发并遵从 Apache 2.0 开源协议。
Docker 可在容器内部快速自动化地部署应用，并通过操作系统内核技术（namespaces、groups 等）为容器提供资源隔离与安全保障。
容器技术的优点
- 1 持续部署与测试；
- 2 跨云平台支持
- 3 环境标准化和版本控制；
- 4 高效资源利用率与隔离；
- 5 容器跨平台性与镜像；
- 6 易于理解且易用；
- 7 应用镜像仓库；
2. OCI&OCF
2.1 OCI
Linux基金会于2015年6月成立OCI（Open Container Initiative）组织，旨在围绕容器格式和运行时制定一个开放的工业化标准。该组织一成立便得到了包括谷歌、微软、亚马逊、华为等一系列云计算厂商的支持。
2.2 OCF
开放容器格式标准（ Open Container Format）
制定容器格式标准的宗旨概括来说就是不受上层结构的绑定，如特定的客户端、编排栈等，同时也不受特定的供应商或项目的绑定，即不限于某种特定操作系统、硬件、CPU架构、公有云等。
容器标准化宗旨
标准化容器的宗旨具体分为如下五条。
- 1 操作标准化：容器的标准化操作包括使用标准容器创建、启动、停止容器，使用标准文件系统工具复制和创建容器快照，使用标准化网络工具进行下载和上传。
- 2 内容无关：内容无关指不管针对的具体容器内容是什么，容器标准操作执行后都能产生同样的效果。如容器可以用同样的方式上传、启动，不管是PHP应用还是MySQL数据库服务。
- 3 基础设施无关：无论是个人的笔记本电脑还是AWS S3，亦或是OpenStack，或者其它基础设施，都应该对支持容器的各项操作。
- 4 为自动化量身定制：制定容器统一标准，是的操作内容无关化、平台无关化的根本目的之一，就是为了可以使容器操作全平台自动化。
- 5 工业级交付：制定容器标准一大目标，就是使软件分发可以达到工业级交付成为现实。
3. docker镜像与镜像仓库
为什么镜像仓库名字是Registry而不是repository？在docker中仓库的名字是以应用的名称取名的。
镜像是静态的，而容器是动态的，容器有其生命周期，镜像与容器的关系类似于程序与进程的关系。镜像类似于文件系统中的程序文件，而容器则类似于将一个程序运行起来的状态，也即进程。所以容器是可以删除的，容器被删除后其镜像是不会被删除的。
4 Docker架构说明
Docker使用C/S体系的架构，Docker客户端与Docker守护进程通信，Docker守护进程负责构建，运行和分发Docker容器。Docker客户端和守护进程可以在同一个系统上运行，也可以将Docker客户端连接到远程Docker守护进程。Docker客户端和守护进程使用REST API通过unix套接字或网络接口进行通信。
下面是Docker核心组件及元素说明：
-
Docker Daemon： dockerd，用来监听Docker API的请求和管理Docker对象，比如镜像、容器、网络和Volume。
-
Docker Client：docker，docker client是我们和Docker进行交互的最主要的方式方法，比如我们可以通过docker run 命令来运行一个容器，然后我们的docker client会把命令发送给上面的Dockerd，主它来负责处理。
-
Docker Registry：用来存储Docker镜像的仓库，Docker hub是官方提供的一个公共仓库，而且Docker默认也是从Docker Hub上查找镜像的。当然你也可以很方便的运行一个私有仓库，当我们使用docker pull或者docker run命令时，就会从我们配置的docker镜像仓库中去拉取镜像，使用docker push时，会将我们构建的镜像推送到对应的镜像仓库中。
-
Images：镜像，镜像是一个只读模板 ，带有创建docker容器的说明。一般来说，镜像会基于另外的一些基础镜像构建并加上一些额外的自定义功能。比如你可以构建一个基于centos的镜像，然后在这个基础镜像上面安装一个Nginx应用，这样就可以构建成属于我们自己的镜像了。
-
Containers：容器，容器是一个镜像的运行实例。可以使用Docker REST API或者CLI来操作容器。容器的实质是进程，但与直接在宿主机执行的进程不同，容器进行运行于属于自己独立的命名空间。因此容器可以拥有自己的root文件系统、自己的网络配置、自己的进程空间，甚至自己的用户id空间。容器内的进程是运行在一个隔离的环境里，使用起来，就好像在一个独立于宿主的系统下操作一样。这种特性使得容器封装的应用比直接在宿主机运行更多案例。
5. docker对象
-
Docker镜像，容器，网络，卷，插件等是Docker对象。
-
在Dockerland，有图像，有容器。这两者密切相关，但截然不同。但这一切都始于Dockerfile。
-
一个Dockerfile是你创建镜像时，你建立的一个文件。它包含一堆指令，告知Docker如何构建Docker镜像。
-
你可以把它与烹饪联系起来。在烹饪中你有食谱。通过配方，您可以了解必须采取的所有步骤，以便生成您想要烹饪的任何内容。烹饪行为正在建立食谱。
-
Dockerfile是构建Docker镜像的配方或蓝图，运行单独的构建命令的行为会从配方生成Docker镜像。
6. 安装及使用docker
6.1 docker安装
//首先配置yum仓库
[root@localhost ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-8.repo
配置docker的yum源
[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@localhost ~]# curl -o docker-ce.repo https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i 's@https://download.docker.com@https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/docker-ce@g' docker-ce.repo
[root@Docker ~]# yum clean all
21 文件已删除
[root@Docker ~]# yum -y install docker-ce
6.2 Docker加速
为什么需要加速器？因为docker在拉取镜像时，是去国外拉取的所以会比较慢，使用加速器可以解决这个问题
docker-ce的配置文件是/etc/docker/daemon.json，此文件默认不存在，需要我们手动创建并进行配置，而docker的加速就是通过配置此文件来实现的。
- docker cn
- 中国科技大学加速器
- 阿里云加速器（需要通过阿里云开发者平台注册帐号，免费使用个人私有的加速器）
sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker
sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://l6paj5i1.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart docker
| 命令 | 功能 |
|---|---|
| docker search | Search the Docker Hub for images 从Docker Hub镜像仓库上查找镜像 |
| docker pull | Pull an image or a repository from a registry 从Docker Hub镜像仓库上拉取镜像 |
| docker images | List images 列出本地的镜像 |
| docker create | Create a new conntainer 创建一个新的容器（与run命令不同，使用create命令只能创建容器而并不启动） |
| docker start | Start one or more stopped containers 启动容器 |
| docker run | Run a command in a new container 根据镜像新建并启动容器 |
| docker attach | Attach to a runninng container 进入到一个正在运行容器内（使用exit命令退出后，容器会停止） |
| docker ps | List containers 列出当前所有正在运行的容器 |
| docker logs | Fetch the logs of a container 获取容器的日志 |
| docker restart | Restart a container 重新启动容器 |
| docker stop | Stop one or more running containers 停止正在运行的容器 |
| docker kill | Kill one or more running containers 杀死正在运行的容器 |
| docker rm | Remove onne or more containers 删除容器 |
| docker exec | Run a command in a running container 进入到一个正在运行容器内（使用exit命令退出后，容器会继续运行） |
| docker info | Display system-wide information 显示当前系统信息、docker容器、镜像个数、设置等信息 |
| docker inspect | Return low-level information on Docker objects 用于以JSON格式显示容器与镜像的详细信息 |
7. 命令演示
7.1 docker version命令
[root@localhost ~]# docker version
Client: Docker Engine - Community //docker客户端版本
Version: 20.10.11
API version: 1.41
Go version: go1.16.9
Git commit: dea9396
Built: Thu Nov 18 00:36:58 2021
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Context: default
Experimental: true
Server: Docker Engine - Community //docker服务端版本
Engine:
Version: 20.10.11
API version: 1.41 (minimum version 1.12)
Go version: go1.16.9
Git commit: 847da18
Built: Thu Nov 18 00:35:20 2021
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Experimental: false
containerd: //容器版本
Version: 1.4.12
GitCommit: 7b11cfaabd73bb80907dd23182b9347b4245eb5d
runc:
Version: 1.0.2
GitCommit: v1.0.2-0-g52b36a2
docker-init: //docker初始化版本
Version: 0.19.0
GitCommit: de40ad0
[root@localhost ~]#
7.2 docker info(显示整个系统的信息)
[root@localhost ~]# docker info
Client: #docker客户端版本信息
Context: default #上下文
Debug Mode: false
Plugins: #插件
app: Docker App (Docker Inc., v0.9.1-beta3)
buildx: Build with BuildKit (Docker Inc., v0.6.3-docker)
scan: Docker Scan (Docker Inc., v0.9.0)
Server: #docker服务端版本信息
Containers: 1 #容器个数
Running: 0 #运行容器个数
Paused: 0 #暂停容器状态个数
Stopped: 1 #停止状态个数
Images: 2 #镜像个数
Server Version: 20.10.11 #服务版本号
Storage Driver: overlay2 #存储驱动
Backing Filesystem: xfs #后端文件系统
Supports d_type: true
Native Overlay Diff: true
userxattr: false
Logging Driver: json-file # 日志驱动
Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs
Cgroup Version: 1
Plugins: # 插件
Volume: local
Network: bridge host ipvlan macvlan null overlay
Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog
Swarm: inactive
Runtimes: io.containerd.runc.v2 io.containerd.runtime.v1.linux runc
Default Runtime: runc
Init Binary: docker-init
containerd version: 7b11cfaabd73bb80907dd23182b9347b4245eb5d
runc version: v1.0.2-0-g52b36a2
init version: de40ad0
Security Options: # 安全选项
seccomp
Profile: default
Kernel Version: 4.18.0-257.el8.x86_64 # 内核版本号
Operating System: CentOS Stream 8 # 操作系统
OSType: linux #操作系统 类型
Architecture: x86_64 #架构
CPUs: 4 # CPU核心数
Total Memory: 3.622GiB #总内存
Name: localhost.localdomain
ID: FO7P:WGML:I2OS:PRY6:QYST:7RGF:XMF7:BTKO:SU72:V47B:YS4W:ABBQ
Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker #docker默认目录
Debug Mode: false
Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/ # 仓库地址
Labels: #标签
Experimental: false
Insecure Registries:
127.0.0.0/8
Registry Mirrors: #加速器
https://l6paj5i1.mirror.aliyuncs.com/
Live Restore Enabled: false
[root@localhost ~]#
7.3 docker search(在docker hub中搜索镜像)
[root@localhost ~]# docker search nginx
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
nginx Official build of Nginx. 15899 [OK]
jwilder/nginx-proxy Automated Nginx reverse proxy for docker con… 2098 [OK]
richarvey/nginx-php-fpm Container running Nginx + PHP-FPM capable of… 819 [OK]
jc21/nginx-proxy-manager Docker container for managing Nginx proxy ho… 285
linuxserver/nginx An Nginx container, brought to you by LinuxS… 160
tiangolo/nginx-rtmp Docker image with Nginx using the nginx-rtmp… 146 [OK]
jlesage/nginx-proxy-manager Docker container for Nginx Proxy Manager 144 [OK]
alfg/nginx-rtmp NGINX, nginx-rtmp-module and FFmpeg from sou… 110 [OK]
nginxdemos/hello NGINX webserver that serves a simple page co… 79 [OK]
privatebin/nginx-fpm-alpine PrivateBin running on an Nginx, php-fpm & Al… 60 [OK]
nginx/nginx-ingress NGINX and NGINX Plus Ingress Controllers fo… 57
nginxinc/nginx-unprivileged Unprivileged NGINX Dockerfiles 54
nginxproxy/nginx-proxy Automated Nginx reverse proxy for docker con… 28
staticfloat/nginx-certbot Opinionated setup for automatic TLS certs lo… 25 [OK]
nginx/nginx-prometheus-exporter NGINX Prometheus Exporter for NGINX and NGIN… 22
schmunk42/nginx-redirect A very simple container to redirect HTTP tra… 19 [OK]
centos/nginx-112-centos7 Platform for running nginx 1.12 or building … 16
centos/nginx-18-centos7 Platform for running nginx 1.8 or building n… 13
bitwarden/nginx The Bitwarden nginx web server acting as a r… 11
flashspys/nginx-static Super Lightweight Nginx Image 11 [OK]
mailu/nginx Mailu nginx frontend 9 [OK]
webdevops/nginx Nginx container 9 [OK]
ansibleplaybookbundle/nginx-apb An APB to deploy NGINX 3 [OK]
wodby/nginx Generic nginx 1 [OK]
arnau/nginx-gate Docker image with Nginx with Lua enabled on … 1 [OK]
[root@localhost ~]#
7 .4 docker pull(拉取镜像)
从Docker Hub镜像仓库上拉取镜像（默认最新版） ，没有指定镜像的版本，默认就是拉取最新版的镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull httpd #httpd后不跟任何版本，代表默认拉取最新版latest
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/httpd
eff15d958d66: Already exists
ba1caf8ba86c: Pull complete
ab86dc02235d: Pull complete
0d58b11d2867: Pull complete
e88da7cb925c: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:1d71eef54c08435c0be99877c408637f03112dc9f929fba3cccdd15896099b02
Status: Downloaded newer image for httpd:latest
docker.io/library/httpd:latest
7.5 docker images(列出系统当前镜像)
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
busybox latest d23834f29b38 33 hours ago 1.24MB
httpd latest ad17c88403e2 12 days ago 143MB
nginx latest ea335eea17ab 2 weeks ago 141MB
[root@localhost ~]#
7.6 docker image history(查看指定镜像的历史)
[root@localhost ~]# docker image history httpd
IMAGE CREATED CREATED BY SIZE COMMENT
ad17c88403e2 12 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["httpd-foreground"] 0B
12 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) EXPOSE 80 0B
12 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY file:c432ff61c4993ecd… 138B
12 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) STOPSIGNAL SIGWINCH 0B
12 days ago /bin/sh -c set -eux; savedAptMark="$(apt-m… 60.5MB
2 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV HTTPD_PATCHES= 0B
2 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV HTTPD_SHA256=20e01d81… 0B
2 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV HTTPD_VERSION=2.4.51 0B
2 weeks ago /bin/sh -c set -eux; apt-get update; apt-g… 2.6MB
2 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) WORKDIR /usr/local/apache2 0B
2 weeks ago /bin/sh -c mkdir -p "$HTTPD_PREFIX" && chow… 0B
2 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV PATH=/usr/local/apach… 0B
2 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV HTTPD_PREFIX=/usr/loc… 0B
2 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["bash"] 0B
2 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:a2405ebb9892d98be… 80.4MB
[root@localhost ~]#
7.7 docker image inspect(查看指定镜像的详细信息)
[root@localhost ~]# docker image inspect httpd
[
{
"Id": "sha256:ad17c88403e2cedd27963b98be7f04bd3f903dfa7490586de397d0404424936d",
"RepoTags": [
"httpd:latest"
],
"RepoDigests": [
"httpd@sha256:1d71eef54c08435c0be99877c408637f03112dc9f929fba3cccdd15896099b02"
],
"Parent": "",
"Comment": "",
"Created": "2021-11-19T01:46:03.31426493Z",
"Container": "6f074d2d7f78e1c0b56f7cc03a636840ba57f407dd7059e32b460a1d74654f48",
"ContainerConfig": {
"Hostname": "6f074d2d7f78",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"ExposedPorts": {
"80/tcp": {}
},
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/apache2/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
"HTTPD_PREFIX=/usr/local/apache2",
"HTTPD_VERSION=2.4.51",
"HTTPD_SHA256=20e01d81fecf077690a4439e3969a9b22a09a8d43c525356e863407741b838f4",
"HTTPD_PATCHES="
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/sh",
"-c",
"#(nop) ",
"CMD [\"httpd-foreground\"]"
],
"Image": "sha256:3c6cc8d7517ea98ccc2625425b999f56c3e6ca85a8149e76a37061d1bac6f76f",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "/usr/local/apache2",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {},
"StopSignal": "SIGWINCH"
},
"DockerVersion": "20.10.7",
"Author": "",
"Config": {
"Hostname": "",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"ExposedPorts": {
"80/tcp": {}
},
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/apache2/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
"HTTPD_PREFIX=/usr/local/apache2",
"HTTPD_VERSION=2.4.51",
"HTTPD_SHA256=20e01d81fecf077690a4439e3969a9b22a09a8d43c525356e863407741b838f4",
"HTTPD_PATCHES="
],
"Cmd": [
"httpd-foreground"
],
"Image": "sha256:3c6cc8d7517ea98ccc2625425b999f56c3e6ca85a8149e76a37061d1bac6f76f",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "/usr/local/apache2",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": null,
"StopSignal": "SIGWINCH"
},
"Architecture": "amd64",
"Os": "linux",
"Size": 143493815,
"VirtualSize": 143493815,
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3172e6b059843d3fe21e561381f2ed56277b468dfae90ff7225020bd40628af6/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/74d01c832625f85510ae687747e9803b79f053374a005f0975bb09c822de8a5d/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/184702c58e7e17e85e78bd46cefcfcd0b56fc08fc1a7d6ef06a455b04f2feb4d/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ae92e4ea7b72287d899fe98a2c8967f156e5df0da17a86129c21616d0b873719/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/1371050f2283bd8162e9427502725d9bb83d2f8b62987f4b24306f6801da4889/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/1371050f2283bd8162e9427502725d9bb83d2f8b62987f4b24306f6801da4889/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/1371050f2283bd8162e9427502725d9bb83d2f8b62987f4b24306f6801da4889/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"RootFS": {
"Type": "layers",
"Layers": [
"sha256:e1bbcf243d0e7387fbfe5116a485426f90d3ddeb0b1738dca4e3502b6743b325",
"sha256:d1fa9a83a17ca27aed9c6f00895de04253c4a8b481b7d56454bffd0013e2d108",
"sha256:5fd2cf4ae3b8043df1023e06620c6b9e523950ba005abeeda9b01642a9743de4",
"sha256:205f5d3fcbd98d06b20afe58c4d2f258de943802878cefb31c288ff4162cde74",
"sha256:b1dcc93155ae800e979fece05841c8b6456f1f64d0d7c2b26c8eb3f438eb730d"
]
},
"Metadata": {
"LastTagTime": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
}
}
]
[root@localhost ~]#
7.8 删除镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
busybox latest d23834f29b38 33 hours ago 1.24MB
httpd latest ad17c88403e2 12 days ago 143MB
nginx latest ea335eea17ab 2 weeks ago 141MB
[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi nginx
Untagged: nginx:latest
Untagged: nginx@sha256:097c3a0913d7e3a5b01b6c685a60c03632fc7a2b50bc8e35bcaa3691d788226e
Deleted: sha256:ea335eea17ab984571cd4a3bcf90a0413773b559c75ef4cda07d0ce952b00291
Deleted: sha256:cc284e9b1cbed75793782165a07a0c2139d8ec0116d1d562c0e2e504ed586238
Deleted: sha256:6207e091bef7f1c94a109cb455ba163d53d7c2c641de65e71d3a0f33c0ebd8ae
Deleted: sha256:97a18ff8c6973f64d763f004cad932319a1428e0502c0ec3e671e78b2f14256b
Deleted: sha256:319130834f01416a2e8f9a4f2b2fa082c702ac21f16e0e2a206e23d53a0a3bae
Deleted: sha256:1bc375f72973dc110c9629a694bc7476bf878d244287c0214e6436afd6a9d1b0
[root@localhost ~]#
7.9 docker create(创建容器）
此命令只创建容器，而不会运行容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker create httpd
e500e0c073202569d14dfc72001f155c056113f2d6b745e3d0d1d94d12d09f18
[root@localhost ~]#
7.10 docker ps (列出容器）
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps //查看正在运行的容器
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a //查看所有容器
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
e500e0c07320 httpd "httpd-foreground" About a minute ago Created zealous_kowalevski
37ffb8444994 busybox "sh" 9 hours ago Created elegant_lewin
[root@localhost ~]#
7.11 docker start(启动容器）
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
e500e0c07320 httpd "httpd-foreground" About a minute ago Created zealous_kowalevski
37ffb8444994 busybox "sh" 9 hours ago Created elegant_lewin
[root@localhost ~]# docker start e500e0c07320
e500e0c07320
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
e500e0c07320 httpd "httpd-foreground" 2 minutes ago Up 6 seconds 80/tcp zealous_kowalevski
[root@localhost ~]#
7.12 docker attach(进入容器)
在当前shell下attach连接指定运行镜像，以这种方式进入容器，此时容器会一直占用前台，如果退出容器，容器就会停止
[root@localhost ~]# docker attach e500e0c07320
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@localhost ~]#
7.1.3 docker exec(进入容器)
用这个命令进入容器后台运行就算是退出了容器，容器也不会停止运行
[root@localhost ~]# docker start e500e0c07320
e500e0c07320
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
e500e0c07320 httpd "httpd-foreground" 8 minutes ago Up 6 seconds 80/tcp zealous_kowalevski
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it e500e0c07320 /bin/bash
root@e500e0c07320:/usr/local/apache2# exit
exit
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
e500e0c07320 httpd "httpd-foreground" 9 minutes ago Up About a minute 80/tcp zealous_kowalevski
[root@localhost ~]#
7.1.4 docker inspect(查看容器的信息详细)
通过查看详细信息可以查看其容器的IP地址
[root@localhost ~]# docker inspect e500e0c07320
[
{
"Id": "e500e0c073202569d14dfc72001f155c056113f2d6b745e3d0d1d94d12d09f18",
"Created": "2021-12-01T12:58:36.109519823Z",
"Path": "httpd-foreground",
"Args": [],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 18451,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2021-12-01T13:06:53.458803326Z",
"FinishedAt": "2021-12-01T13:06:46.282602134Z"
},
......
7.1.5 docker logs(查看容器日志)
[root@localhost ~]# docker logs e500e0c07320
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.2. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.2. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
[Wed Dec 01 13:01:25.782955 2021] [mpm_event:notice] [pid 1:tid 139769029520704] AH00489: Apache/2.4.51 (Unix) configured -- resuming normal operations
[Wed Dec 01 13:01:25.783306 2021] [core:notice] [pid 1:tid 139769029520704] AH00094: Command line: 'httpd -D FOREGROUND'
[Wed Dec 01 13:04:22.034028 2021] [mpm_event:notice] [pid 1:tid 139769029520704] AH00491: caught SIGTERM, shutting down
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.2. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.2. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
[Wed Dec 01 13:04:55.117962 2021] [mpm_event:notice] [pid 1:tid 140630165085504] AH00489: Apache/2.4.51 (Unix) configured -- resuming normal operations
[Wed Dec 01 13:04:55.118120 2021] [core:notice] [pid 1:tid 140630165085504] AH00094: Command line: 'httpd -D FOREGROUND'
[Wed Dec 01 13:06:46.229688 2021] [mpm_event:notice] [pid 1:tid 140630165085504] AH00491: caught SIGTERM, shutting down
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.2. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.2. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
[Wed Dec 01 13:06:53.469192 2021] [mpm_event:notice] [pid 1:tid 139793421331776] AH00489: Apache/2.4.51 (Unix) configured -- resuming normal operations
[Wed Dec 01 13:06:53.469444 2021] [core:notice] [pid 1:tid 139793421331776] AH00094: Command line: 'httpd -D FOREGROUND'
[root@localhost ~]#
7.1.6 docker stop(停止容器)
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
e500e0c07320 httpd "httpd-foreground" 21 minutes ago Up 13 minutes 80/tcp zealous_kowalevski
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# docker stop e500e0c07320
e500e0c07320
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@localhost ~]#
7.17 docker restart(重启容器)
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
e500e0c07320 httpd "httpd-foreground" 22 minutes ago Exited (0) 35 seconds ago zealous_kowalevski
37ffb8444994 busybox "sh" 10 hours ago Created elegant_lewin
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# docker restart e500e0c07320
e500e0c07320
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
e500e0c07320 httpd "httpd-foreground" 23 minutes ago Up 3 seconds 80/tcp zealous_kowalevski
[root@localhost ~]#
7.18 docker kill(杀死正在运行的容器)
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
e500e0c07320 httpd "httpd-foreground" 23 minutes ago Up 3 seconds 80/tcp zealous_kowalevski
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# docker kill e500e0c07320
e500e0c07320
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
e500e0c07320 httpd "httpd-foreground" 23 minutes ago Exited (137) 6 seconds ago zealous_kowalevski
37ffb8444994 busybox "sh" 10 hours ago Created elegant_lewin
[root@localhost ~]#
7.19 docker rm(删除容器)
删除一个或者多个容器，只能删除停止状态的容器或使用-f参数强制删除
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
e500e0c07320 httpd "httpd-foreground" 26 minutes ago Exited (137) 2 minutes ago zealous_kowalevski
37ffb8444994 busybox "sh" 10 hours ago Created elegant_lewin
[root@localhost ~]# docker rm e500e0c07320
e500e0c07320
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
37ffb8444994 busybox "sh" 10 hours ago Created elegant_lewin
[root@localhost ~]#
7.20 docker run(创建并启动容器)
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it nginx /bin/bash ##拉取一个nginx的镜像，然后创建容器并运行，-it表示以交互的方式进入终端，/bin/bash表示终端的环境
Unable to find image 'nginx:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/nginx
eff15d958d66: Already exists
1e5351450a59: Pull complete
2df63e6ce2be: Pull complete
9171c7ae368c: Pull complete
020f975acd28: Pull complete
266f639b35ad: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:097c3a0913d7e3a5b01b6c685a60c03632fc7a2b50bc8e35bcaa3691d788226e
Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latest
root@fb245d8da0f2:/# ls
bin docker-entrypoint.d home media proc sbin tmp
boot docker-entrypoint.sh lib mnt root srv usr
dev etc lib64 opt run sys var
root@fb245d8da0f2:/# exit
exit