red hat enterprise linux 5.2 install and startup oracle 10.2.0

d rhel5.2下安装ORACLE 10G
我的安装步骤参考了下面的方法，原文地址：http://www.oracle-base.com/articles/10g/OracleDB10gR2InstallationOnRHEL5.php

Oracle Database 10g Release 2 (10.2.0.1) Installation On Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 (RHEL5)
In this article I'll describe the installation of Oracle Database 10g Release 2 (10.2.0.1) on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 (RHEL5). The article is based on a server installation similar to this, with a minimum of 2G swap, secure Linux disabled and the following package groups installed:

    * GNOME Desktop Environment
    * Editors
    * Graphical Internet
    * Text-based Internet
    * Development Libraries
    * Development Tools
    * Legacy Software Development
    * Server Configuration Tools
    * Administration Tools
    * Base
    * Legacy Software Support
    * System Tools
    * X Window System

Alternative installations may require more packages to be loaded, in addition to the ones listed below.

    * Download Software
    * Unpack Files
    * Hosts File
    * Set Kernel Parameters
    * Setup
    * Installation
    * Post Installation

Download Software
Download the following software:

    * Oracle Database 10g Release 2 (10.2.0.1) Software

Unpack Files
Unzip the files:

    unzip 10201_database_linux32.zip

You should now have a single directory containing installation files. Depending on the age of the download this may either be named "db/Disk1" or "database".
Hosts File
The /etc/hosts file must contain a fully qualified name for the server:

    <IP-address>  <fully-qualified-machine-name>  <machine-name>

Set Kernel Parameters
Add the following lines to the /etc/sysctl.conf file:

    #kernel.shmall = 2097152
    #kernel.shmmax = 2147483648
    kernel.shmmni = 4096
    # semaphores: semmsl, semmns, semopm, semmni
    kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
    #fs.file-max = 65536
    net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
    net.core.rmem_default=262144
    net.core.rmem_max=262144
    net.core.wmem_default=262144
    net.core.wmem_max=262144

Run the following command to change the current kernel parameters:

    /sbin/sysctl -p

Add the following lines to the /etc/security/limits.conf file:

    *               soft    nproc   2047
    *               hard    nproc   16384
    *               soft    nofile  1024
    *               hard    nofile  65536

Add the following line to the /etc/pam.d/login file, if it does not already exist:

    session    required     pam_limits.so

Disable secure linux by editing the /etc/selinux/config file, making sure the SELINUX flag is set as follows:

    SELINUX=disabled

Alternatively, this alteration can be done using the GUI tool (System > Administration > Security Level and Firewall). Click on the SELinux tab and disable the feature.
Setup
Install the following packages:

    # From RedHat AS5 Disk 1
    cd /media/cdrom/Server
    rpm -Uvh setarch-2*
    rpm -Uvh make-3*
    rpm -Uvh glibc-2*
    rpm -Uvh libaio-0*
    cd /
    eject

    # From RedHat AS5 Disk 2
    cd /media/cdrom/Server
    rpm -Uvh compat-libstdc++-33-3*
    rpm -Uvh compat-gcc-34-3*
    rpm -Uvh compat-gcc-34-c++-3*
    rpm -Uvh gcc-4*
    rpm -Uvh libXp-1*
    cd /
    eject

    # From RedHat AS5 Disk 3
    cd /media/cdrom/Server
    rpm -Uvh openmotif-2*
    rpm -Uvh compat-db-4*
    cd /
    eject

Create the new groups and users:

    groupadd oinstall
    groupadd dba
    groupadd oper

    useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
    passwd oracle

Create the directories in which the Oracle software will be installed:

    mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1
    chown -R oracle.oinstall /u01

Login as root and issue the following command:

    xhost +<machine-name>

Edit the /etc/redhat-release file replacing the current release information (Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5 (Tikanga)) with the following:

    redhat-4

Login as the oracle user and add the following lines at the end of the .bash_profile file:

    # Oracle Settings
    TMP=/tmp; export TMP
    TMPDIR=$TMP; export TMPDIR

    ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE
    ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0/db_1; export ORACLE_HOME
    ORACLE_SID=TSH1; export ORACLE_SID
    ORACLE_TERM=xterm; export ORACLE_TERM
    PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH; export PATH
    PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH; export PATH

    LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
    CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib; export CLASSPATH

    if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
      if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
        ulimit -p 16384
        ulimit -n 65536
      else
        ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
      fi
    fi

Installation
Log into the oracle user. If you are using X emulation then set the DISPLAY environmental variable:

    DISPLAY=<machine-name>:0.0; export DISPLAY

Start the Oracle Universal Installer (OUI) by issuing the following command in the database directory:

    ./runInstaller

During the installation enter the appropriate ORACLE_HOME and name then continue installation. For a more detailed look at the installation process, click on the links below to see screen shots of each stage.

   1. Select Installation Method
   2. Specify Inventory Directory and Credentials
   3. Select Installation Type
   4. Specify Home Details
   5. Product-Specific Prerequisite Checks
   6. Select Configuration Option
   7. Select Database Configuration
   8. Specify Database Configuration Options
   9. Select Database Management Option
  10. Specify Database Storage Option
  11. Specify Backup and Recovery Options
  12. Specify Database Schema Passwords
  13. Summary
  14. Install
  15. Configuration Assistants
  16. Database Configuration Assistant
  17. Database Configuration Assistant Password Management
  18. Execute Configuration Scripts
  19. End Of Installation

Post Installation
Edit the /etc/redhat-release file restoring the original release information:

    Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5 (Tikanga)

Edit the /etc/oratab file setting the restart flag for each instance to 'Y':

    TSH1:/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1:Y

For more information see:

    * Installation Guide for Linux x86 (10.2)
    * Installing Oracle Database 10g Release 1 and 2...
    * Automating Database Startup and Shutdown on Linux

Hope this helps. Regards Tim...

Back to the Top.

安装的时候告诉我swap的大小不够，没有设置固定的IP。我的虚拟机分配了1G的内存（原来是只给了512M，所以安装的时候swap设置为1G）现在系统提示最好是1.6G
我没有理会上面一个错误和一个警告。安装完成后使用地址访问了isqlplus一切正常。没有使用自动启动。
关闭机器后启动ORACLE。
进入到/home/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_2(第一次没有装成功，因些这里变成2了)
一开如进入/home/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_2/bin
输入$./lsnrctl start
提示:ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=/ade/vikrkuma_new/oracle

When using Oracle 10g Release 2, calling dbstart might result in the following error message:

    Failed to auto-start Oracle Net Listener using /ade/vikrkuma_new/oracle/bin/tnslsnr

This is due to a hard coded path in the dbstart script. To correct this, edit the "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart" script and replace the following line (approximately line 78):

    ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=/ade/vikrkuma_new/oracle

With this:

    ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME


The dbstart script shold now start the listener as expected.

$./dbstart
提示如下错误：
ORA-27101: shared memory realm does not exist

    Cause: Unable to locate shared memory realm

    Action: Verify that the realm is accessible

这是由于没有正确设置和ORACLE_HOME 和 ORACLE_SID引起的，于时按照上面方法设置了
$ORACLE_HOME=/home/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_2;export ORACLE_HOME
$ORACLE_SID=orcl;export ORACLE_SID

停止监听后./lsnrctl stop，运行了不起./dbshut
修改了$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin下面的tnsnames.ora原来IP为localhost.localdomain
我把它改为127.0.0.1
把listener.ora中做同样的修改。

$sqlplus connect sys/a00000@orcl as SYSDBA
提示Connected to an idle instance.
执行其它的SQL操作提示：
ORACLE IS NOT AVAILABLE
这时需要输入：
sql>startup
启动数据库实例