RSA算法是一种非对称加密算法,常被用于加密数据传输.如果配合上数字摘要算法, 也可以用于文件签名.
本文将讨论如何在iOS中使用RSA传输加密数据.
RSA使用"秘匙对"对数据进行加密解密.在加密解密数据前,需要先生成公钥(public key)和私钥(private key).
iOS中的Security.framework提供了对RSA算法的支持.这种方式需要对密匙对进行处理, 根据public key生成证书, 通过private key生成p12格式的密匙.
除了Secruty.framework, 也可以 将openssl库编译到iOS工程中, 这可以提供更灵活的使用方式.
本文使用Security.framework的方式处理RSA.
Github Gist: https://gist.github.com/lvjian700/635368d6f1e421447680
#!/usr/bin/env bash echo "Generating RSA key pair ..." echo "1024 RSA key: private_key.pem" openssl genrsa -out private_key.pem 1024 echo "create certification require file: rsaCertReq.csr" openssl req -new -key private_key.pem -out rsaCertReq.csr echo "create certification using x509: rsaCert.crt" openssl x509 -req -days 3650 -in rsaCertReq.csr -signkey private_key.pem -out rsaCert.crt echo "create public_key.der For IOS" openssl x509 -outform der -in rsaCert.crt -out public_key.der echo "create private_key.p12 For IOS. Please remember your password. The password will be used in iOS." openssl pkcs12 -export -out private_key.p12 -inkey private_key.pem -in rsaCert.crt echo "create rsa_public_key.pem For Java" openssl rsa -in private_key.pem -out rsa_public_key.pem -pubout echo "create pkcs8_private_key.pem For Java" openssl pkcs8 -topk8 -in private_key.pem -out pkcs8_private_key.pem -nocrypt echo "finished."
将下面代码添加到项目中:
https://gist.github.com/lvjian700/204c23226fdffd6a505d
代码依赖 Base64编码库, 如果使用cocoapods, 可以讲下面依赖添加到Podfile:
pod 'Base64nl', '~> 1.2'
RSAEncryptor *rsa = [[RSAEncryptor alloc] init]; NSLog(@"encryptor using rsa"); NSString *publicKeyPath = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"public_key" ofType:@"der"]; NSLog(@"public key: %@", publicKeyPath); [rsa loadPublicKeyFromFile:publicKeyPath]; NSString *securityText = @"hello ~"; NSString *encryptedString = [rsa rsaEncryptString:securityText]; NSLog(@"encrypted data: %@", encryptedString);
__[rsa rsaEncryptString:securityText]__会返回decrypted base64编码的字符串:
在iOS下解码需要先加载private key, 之后在对数据解码. 解码的时候先进行Base64 decode, 之后在用private key decrypt加密数据.
NSLog(@"decryptor using rsa"); [rsa loadPrivateKeyFromFile:[[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"private_key" ofType:@"p12"] password:@"123456"]; NSString *decryptedString = [rsa rsaDecryptString:encryptedString]; NSLog(@"decrypted data: %@", decryptedString);
之后会输出解密后的数据:
在Java中解码需要使用下述指令生成的pkcs8 private key:
具体解码步骤:
这里我将iOS中"hello ~"加密的数据在Java中进行解码:
import javax.crypto.BadPaddingException; import javax.crypto.Cipher; import javax.crypto.IllegalBlockSizeException; import javax.crypto.NoSuchPaddingException; import java.io.IOException; import java.nio.charset.Charset; import java.nio.file.Files; import java.nio.file.Paths; import java.security.InvalidKeyException; import java.security.KeyFactory; import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException; import java.security.PrivateKey; import java.security.spec.InvalidKeySpecException; import java.security.spec.PKCS8EncodedKeySpec; import java.util.Base64; import static java.lang.String.format; public class Encryptor { public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, NoSuchAlgorithmException, InvalidKeySpecException, NoSuchPaddingException, InvalidKeyException, BadPaddingException, IllegalBlockSizeException { PrivateKey privateKey = readPrivateKey(); String message = "AFppaFPTbmboMZD55cjCfrVaWUW7+hZkaq16Od+6fP0lwz/yC+Rshb/8cf5BpBlUao2EunchnzeKxzpiPqtCcCITKvk6HcFKZS0sN9wOhlQFYT+I4f/CZITwBVAJaldZ7mkyOiuvM+raXMwrS+7MLKgYXkd5cFPxEsTxpMSa5Nk="; System.out.println(format("- decrypt rsa encrypted base64 message: %s", message)); // hello ~, encrypted and encoded with Base64: byte[] data = encryptedData(message); String text = decrypt(privateKey, data); System.out.println(text); } private static String decrypt(PrivateKey privateKey, byte[] data) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, NoSuchPaddingException, InvalidKeyException, IllegalBlockSizeException, BadPaddingException { Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA/ECB/PKCS1Padding"); cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, privateKey); byte[] decryptedData = cipher.doFinal(data); return new String(decryptedData); } private static byte[] encryptedData(String base64Text) { return Base64.getDecoder().decode(base64Text.getBytes(Charset.forName("UTF-8"))); } private static PrivateKey readPrivateKey() throws IOException, NoSuchAlgorithmException, InvalidKeySpecException { byte[] privateKeyData = Files.readAllBytes( Paths.get("/Users/twer/macspace/ios_workshop/Security/SecurityLogin/tools/pkcs8_private_key.pem")); byte[] decodedKeyData = Base64.getDecoder() .decode(new String(privateKeyData) .replaceAll("-----\\w+ PRIVATE KEY-----", "") .replace("\n", "") .getBytes()); return KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA").generatePrivate(new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(decodedKeyData)); } }
直行成功后控制台会输出"hello ~".
这种加密传输方式会被用在网银类App中.虽然网银会采用全站https方案, 但是在安全登录这块会使用另一个证书对登录信息加密, 这样可以双层确保数据安全.
基于RSA加密解密算法, 还可以将其运用在数字签名场景.以后有空在聊如何使用RSA算法实现对文件的数字签名.