linux静默安装oracle

1 安装前环境：

操作系统:CetnOS6.4x64 最小化安装，已配置好网络IP:172.18.10.213，物理内存4GB，硬盘100GB。

已下载： linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip

linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

位于目录： /sharedisk/11G/

2 准备工作

root用户登录后

# yum install unzip //下载unzip,用来解压上述两个压缩文件

# cd /sharedisk/11G //切换当前目录到oracle压缩文件所在目录

# unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip //解压

# unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

解压后新增一个/sharedisk/11G/database目录，里面是解压后的所有oracle安装文件。

在/etc/hosts文件中增加主机名(通过hostname获得)到回环IP的映射如下：

# vi /etc/hosts

127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4

::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6

172.18.10.213 ora11g

# vi /etc/selinux/confg 设置 SELINUX=disabled

# setenforce 0 //关闭selinux

# service iptables stop //临时关闭防火墙

3 安装必须的包

# yum install nfs-utils //可以挂载nfs server

#yum install gcc make binutils gcc-c++ compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf-devel elfutils-libelf-devel-static ksh libaio libaio-devel numactl-devel sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel pcre-devel

4 准备安装用户及用户组

# groupadd oinstall

# groupadd dba

# useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle

# passwd oracle //设置oracle密码

5 修改内核参数配置文件

# vi /etc/sysctl.conf 在文件最后增加（根据文档要求kernel.shmmax设成物理内存的一半最合理）

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

fs.file-max = 6553600

kernel.shmall = 2097152

kernel.shmmax = 2147483648

kernel.shmmni = 4096

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000

net.core.rmem_default = 262144

net.core.rmem_max = 4194304

net.core.wmem_default = 262144

net.core.wmem_max = 1048586

保存文件。

# /sbin/sysctl -p //让参数生效

6 修改用户的限制文件

# vi /etc/security/limits.conf 在文件后增加

oracle soft nproc 2047

oracle hard nproc 16384

oracle soft nofile 1024

oracle hard nofile 65536

oracle soft stack 10240

保存文件。

修改/etc/pam.d/login文件，增加如下：

session required /lib64/security/pam_limits.so //64位系统时，千万别写成错/lib/security/pam_limits.so //否则导致无法登录

session required pam_limits.so

修改/etc/profile,增加：

if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then

if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then

ulimit -p 16384

ulimit -n 65536

else

ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536

7 创建安装目录和设置文件权限

#mkdir -p /home/app/oracle/product/11.2.0 //数据库系统安装目录

#mkdir /home/app/oracle/oradata //数据库数据安装目录

#mkdir /home/app/oracle/inventory

#mkdir /home/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area

#chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/app/oracle

#chmod -R 775 /home/app/oracle

设置环境变量: 修改/home/oracle/.bash_profile文件，增加如下

# su - oracle

ORACLE_BASE=/home/app/oracle

ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0

ORACLE_SID=ora11

PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID PATH

8 编辑静默安装响应文件

# su - oracle

$ cp -R /home/database/response /home/oracle //复制一份模板

$ cd /home/oracle/response

$ vi db_install.rsp //开始修改这个安装响应文件，此文件只是安装数据库软件

需要设置的选项如下：

oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0 //系统生成的，不要修改

oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY //只安装软件，不安装启动数据库

ORACLE_HOSTNAME=ora11g //通过hostname命令获得

UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall

INVENTORY_LOCATION=/home/app/oracle/inventory

SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN

ORACLE_HOME=/home/app/oracle/product/11.2.0

ORACLE_BASE=/home/app/oracle

oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE

oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=false

oracle.install.db.customComponents=oracle.server:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.sysman.ccr:10.2.7.0.0,oracle.xdk:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.oci:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.network:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.network.listener:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.options:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.partitioning:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.oraolap:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.dm:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.dv:11.2.0.1.0,orcle.rdbms.lbac:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.rat:11.2.0.1.0

oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba

oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=dba

DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true //一定要设置为true

9 根据响应文件安装oracle

$cd /home/database

$./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/response/db_install.rsp -IgnorePrereq

安装过程中，如果提示[WARNING]不必理会，此时安装程序仍在进行，如果出现[FATAL]，则安装程序已经停止了。打开另一个终端，执行

#tail -100f /home/app/oracle/inventory/logs/installActions......log

可以实时跟踪查看安装日志，了解安装的进度。

当出现如下提示，既安装成功：

be executed as the "root" user.

#!/bin/sh

#Root scripts to run

/home/app/oracle/inventory/orainstRoot.sh

/home/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/root.sh

To execute the configuration scripts:

1. Open a terminal window

2. Log in as "root"

3. Run the scripts

4. Return to this window and hit "Enter" key to continue

Successfully Setup Software.

表示安装成功了。按照其提示操作。

$exit //退回到root

# sh /home/app/oracle/inventory/orainstRoot.sh

# sh /home/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/root.sh

10 静默配置监听

$netca /silent /responsefile /home/oracle/response/netca.rsp

Parsing command line arguments:

Parameter "silent" = true

Parameter "responsefile" = /home/oracle/response/netca.rsp

Done parsing command line arguments.

Oracle Net Services Configuration:

Profile configuration complete.

Oracle Net Listener Startup:

Running Listener Control:

/home/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/bin/lsnrctl start LISTENER

Listener Control complete.

Listener started successfully.

Listener configuration complete.

Oracle Net Services configuration successful. The exit code is 0

成功运行后，在/home/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/network/admin目录下生成sqlnet.ora和listener.ora两个文件。

通过netstat –tlnp 命令，看到、如果无法启动检查日志文件，或修改linsten配置，然后lsnrclt手动启动

tcp 0 0 :::1521 :::* LISTEN 10760/tnslsnr

说明监听器已经在1521端口上开始工作了。

11 静默建立新库（同时也建立一个对应的实例）

修改/home/oracle/response/dbca.rsp，设置如下：

[GENERAL]

RESPONSEFILE_VERSION = "11.2.0" //不能更改

OPERATION_TYPE = " createDatabase "

[CREATEDATABASE]

GDBNAME = "ora11" //数据库的名字

SID = "ora11" //对应的实例名字

TEMPLATENAME = "General_Purpose.dbc" //建库用的模板文件

SYSPASSWORD = "oracle" //SYS管理员密码

SYSTEMPASSWORD = "oracle" //SYSTEM管理员密码

DATAFILEDESTINATION = /home/app/oracle/oradata //数据文件存放目录

RECOVERYAREADESTINATION=/home/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area //恢复数据存放目录

CHARACTERSET = "ZHS16GBK" //字符集，重要!!! 建库后一般不能更改，所以建库前要确定清楚。

TOTALMEMORY = "3276" //oracle内存3276MB(allmem*80%)

静默建库命令如下

$dbca -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/response/dbca.rsp

Copying database files

1% complete

3% complete

11% complete

18% complete

26% complete

37% complete

Creating and starting Oracle instance

40% complete

45% complete

50% complete

55% complete

56% complete

60% complete

62% complete

Completing Database Creation

66% complete

70% complete

73% complete

85% complete

96% complete

100% complete

Look at the log file "/home/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/ora11/ora11.log" for further details.

查看日志文件

$ cat /home/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/ora11/ora11.log

Copying database files

DBCA_PROGRESS : 1%

DBCA_PROGRESS : 3%

DBCA_PROGRESS : 11%

DBCA_PROGRESS : 18%

DBCA_PROGRESS : 26%

DBCA_PROGRESS : 37%

Creating and starting Oracle instance

DBCA_PROGRESS : 40%

DBCA_PROGRESS : 45%

DBCA_PROGRESS : 50%

DBCA_PROGRESS : 55%

DBCA_PROGRESS : 56%

DBCA_PROGRESS : 60%

DBCA_PROGRESS : 62%

Completing Database Creation

DBCA_PROGRESS : 66%

DBCA_PROGRESS : 70%

DBCA_PROGRESS : 73%

DBCA_PROGRESS : 85%

DBCA_PROGRESS : 96%

DBCA_PROGRESS : 100%

Database creation complete. For details check the logfiles at:

/u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/ora11.

Database Information:

Global Database Name:ora11

System Identifier(SID):ora11

建库后实例检查：

$ ps -ef | grep ora_ | grep -v grep

oracle 11279 1 0 12:04 ? 00:00:00 ora_pmon_ora11

oracle 11281 1 1 12:04 ? 00:00:02 ora_vktm_ora11

oracle 11285 1 0 12:04 ? 00:00:00 ora_gen0_ora11

oracle 11287 1 0 12:04 ? 00:00:00 ora_diag_ora11

oracle 11289 1 0 12:04 ? 00:00:00 ora_dbrm_ora11

oracle 11291 1 0 12:04 ? 00:00:00 ora_psp0_ora11

oracle 11293 1 0 12:04 ? 00:00:00 ora_dia0_ora11

oracle 11295 1 0 12:04 ? 00:00:00 ora_mman_ora11

oracle 11297 1 0 12:04 ? 00:00:00 ora_dbw0_ora11

oracle 11299 1 0 12:04 ? 00:00:00 ora_lgwr_ora11

oracle 11301 1 0 12:04 ? 00:00:01 ora_ckpt_ora11

oracle 11303 1 0 12:04 ? 00:00:00 ora_smon_ora11

oracle 11305 1 0 12:04 ? 00:00:00 ora_reco_ora11

oracle 11307 1 1 12:04 ? 00:00:02 ora_mmon_ora11

oracle 11309 1 0 12:04 ? 00:00:01 ora_mmnl_ora11

oracle 11311 1 0 12:04 ? 00:00:00 ora_d000_ora11

oracle 11313 1 0 12:04 ? 00:00:00 ora_s000_ora11

oracle 11323 1 0 12:04 ? 00:00:01 ora_qmnc_ora11

oracle 11340 1 0 12:04 ? 00:00:01 ora_cjq0_ora11

oracle 11342 1 0 12:04 ? 00:00:01 ora_q000_ora11

oracle 11344 1 0 12:04 ? 00:00:00 ora_q001_ora11

查看监听状态

$ lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 26-AUG-2014 12:07:54

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))

STATUS of the LISTENER

------------------------

Alias LISTENER

Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

Start Date 26-AUG-2014 11:11:10

Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 56 min. 44 sec

Trace Level off

Security ON: Local OS Authentication

SNMP OFF

Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/network/admin/listener.ora

Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/ora11g/listener/alert/log.xml

Listening Endpoints Summary...

(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))

(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=ora11g)(PORT=1521)))

Services Summary...

Service "ora11" has 1 instance(s).

Instance "ora11", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

Service "ora11XDB" has 1 instance(s).

Instance "ora11", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

The command completed successfully

12 修改数据库为归档模式(归档模式才能热备份，增量备份)

$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Tue Aug 26 13:37:34 2014

Connected to:

Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> shutdown immediate;

Database closed.

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL> startup mount

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 1603411968 bytes

Fixed Size 2213776 bytes

Variable Size 402655344 bytes

Database Buffers 1191182336 bytes

Redo Buffers 7360512 bytes

Database mounted.

SQL> alter database archivelog;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database flashback on;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database open;

Database altered.

SQL> execute utl_recomp.recomp_serial();

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> alter system archive log current;

System altered.

SQL> exit

13 修改oracle启动配置文件

$vi /etc/oratab

ora11:/home/app/oracle/product/11.2.0:Y

这样就可以通过dbstart 启动此实例，也可以通过dbshut关闭此实例了。

$ dbshut /home/app/oracle/product/11.2.0

Processing Database instance "ora11": log file /home/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/shutdown.log

此时所有oracle的进程关闭，监听器也停止。

$dbstart /home/app/oracle/product/11.2.0

Processing Database instance "ora11": log file /home/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/startup.log

此时监听器工作，hello实例运行，再次查看监听器状态。

$ lsnrctl status

开机启动方法：

方法1：

要想让oracle服务随着系统启动而自动启动，需要在/etc/rc.local文件中增加如下：

su - oracle -c "/home/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/bin/dbstart /home/app/oracle/product/11.2.0"

方法2：建立启动脚本

# vi /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle

#!/bin/bash

# oracle: Start/Stop Oracle Database 11g R2

# chkconfig: 345 90 10

# description: The Oracle Database is an Object-Relational Database Management System.

# processname: oracle

. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions

LOCKFILE=/var/lock/subsys/oracle

ORACLE_HOME=/home/app/oracle/product/11.2

ORACLE_USER=oracle

case "$1" in

'start')

if [ -f $LOCKFILE ]; then

echo $0 already running.

exit 1

echo -n $"Starting Oracle Database:"

su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl start"

su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart $ORACLE_HOME"

su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/emctl start dbconsole"

touch $LOCKFILE

;;

'stop')

if [ ! -f $LOCKFILE ]; then

echo $0 already stopping.

exit 1

echo -n $"Stopping Oracle Database:"

su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl stop"

su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbshut"

su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/emctl stop dbconsole"

rm -f $LOCKFILE

;;

'restart')

$0 stop

$0 start

;;

'status')

if [ -f $LOCKFILE ]; then

echo $0 started.

else

echo $0 stopped.

;;

echo "Usage: $0 [start|stop|status]"

exit 1

esac

exit 0

#service oracle on

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

增加交换空间：

1. 查看当前分区情况

free -m

2. 增加 swap 大小, 2G 左右

dd if=/dev/zero of=/var/swap bs=1024 count=2048000

3. 设置交换文件

mkswap /var/swap

4. 立即激活启用交换分区

swapon /var/swap

5. 添加系统引导时自启动运行

vi /etc/fstab

添加一行

/var/swap swap swap defaults 0 0

6. 收回 swap 空间

swapoff /var/swap

7. 从文件系统中回收

rm /var/swap

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

开启端口：

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=80/tcp --permanent

命令含义：

--zone #作用域

--add-port=80/tcp #添加端口，格式为：端口/通讯协议

--permanent #永久生效，没有此参数重启后失效

重启防火墙

firewall-cmd --reload

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

环境配置：

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/javak1.7.0_79

export JRE_HOME=/usr/javak1.7.0_79/jre

export ORACLE_HOME=/home/oracle_11/app/product/11.2.0home_1

export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JRE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOMEb/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOMEb/tools.jar:$JRE_HOMEb

export JAVA_HOME JRE_HOME PATH CLASSPATH ORACLE_HOME

export NLS_LANG="SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.ZHS16GBK"

--------------------

使环境变量生效

source 配置文件

如：#source /etc/profile

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linux静默安装oracle

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