Retrofit源码之请求对象的转换

之前在Retrofit源码初探一文中我们提出了三个问题:

  • 什么时候开始将注解中参数拼装成http请求的信息的?
  • 如何产生发起http请求对象的?
  • 如何将对象转换成我们在接口中指定的返回值的?

其中前两个问题在前几篇文章已经做了解答,今天我们探究下最后一个问题:
我们定义接口时,有这样的:

    @GET("hello/world")
    Call getNews(@Query("num") String num,@Query("page")String page);

也有这样的:

    @GET("book/search")
    Observable getSearchBook(@Query("q") String name,
                                    @Query("tag") String tag, @Query("start") int start,
                                    @Query("count") int count);

可以看到接口的返回值是不一样的,现在我们就来分析下,一个OkHttpCall对象是如何转换成对应的返回值的。
核心代码是这句:

return serviceMethod.adapt(okHttpCall);

进到adapt中去:

T adapt(Call call) {
    return callAdapter.adapt(call);
  }

可以看到是调用了callAdapter.adapt方法,此处的callAdapter是一个接口类型,所以想要看它的adapt方法的具体实现就得看这个callAdapter具体怎么生成的。
经过搜索,发现它的生成方式如下:

  ServiceMethod(Builder builder) {
     //………………
    this.callAdapter = builder.callAdapter;
      //………………
    }

而这个构造方法是在ServiceMethod.Builder的build方法中调用的:

 public ServiceMethod build() {
      callAdapter = createCallAdapter();
      //…………
      return new ServiceMethod<>(this);
      }

所以继续跟进createCallAdapter()中去:

 private CallAdapter createCallAdapter() {
      Type returnType = method.getGenericReturnType();
      if (Utils.hasUnresolvableType(returnType)) {
        throw methodError(
            "Method return type must not include a type variable or wildcard: %s", returnType);
      }
      if (returnType == void.class) {
        throw methodError("Service methods cannot return void.");
      }
      Annotation[] annotations = method.getAnnotations();
      try {
        //noinspection unchecked
        return (CallAdapter) retrofit.callAdapter(returnType, annotations);
      } catch (RuntimeException e) { // Wide exception range because factories are user code.
        throw methodError(e, "Unable to create call adapter for %s", returnType);
      }
    }

可以看到,这里的主要作用就是获取方法级别的注解以及返回值,然后传入到retrofit.callAdapter中去获取正真的CallAdapter,所以继续跟到retrofit.callAdatper中去:

 public CallAdapter callAdapter(Type returnType, Annotation[] annotations) {
    return nextCallAdapter(null, returnType, annotations);
  }

继续进到nextCallAdapter中:

public CallAdapter nextCallAdapter(@Nullable CallAdapter.Factory skipPast, Type returnType,
      Annotation[] annotations) {
    checkNotNull(returnType, "returnType == null");
    checkNotNull(annotations, "annotations == null");

    int start = callAdapterFactories.indexOf(skipPast) + 1;
    for (int i = start, count = callAdapterFactories.size(); i < count; i++) {
      CallAdapter adapter = callAdapterFactories.get(i).get(returnType, annotations, this);
      if (adapter != null) {
        return adapter;
      }
    }
   //省略一些不重要代码
  }

这里主要就是遍历Retrofit的所有CallAdapter,然后找到能够处理该返回类型以及方法注解的那个直接返回。
对于默认返回类型的处理CallAdapter,其实是在Retrofit生成时默认加上的:

 public Retrofit build() {
      //省略部分代码
      Executor callbackExecutor = this.callbackExecutor;
      if (callbackExecutor == null) {
        callbackExecutor = platform.defaultCallbackExecutor();
      }

      // Make a defensive copy of the adapters and add the default Call adapter.
      List callAdapterFactories = new ArrayList<>(this.callAdapterFactories);     
      callAdapterFactories.add(platform.defaultCallAdapterFactory(callbackExecutor));
      //省略部分代码
      return new Retrofit(callFactory, baseUrl, unmodifiableList(converterFactories),
          unmodifiableList(callAdapterFactories), callbackExecutor, validateEagerly);
 }
      

这里有一点要事先说下,所有的CalllAdapter对象其实都是通过CallAdapter.Factory对象调用get()方法生成的。
所以这里利用platform.defaultCallAdapterFactory()生成了一个对应的CallAdapter.Factory对象,但生成这个对象首先生成了一个callbackExecutor,我们先看下它是怎么回事:

@Nullable Executor defaultCallbackExecutor() {
    return null;
  }

咦,为什么是返回null的?别慌,Retrofit的build中的platform根据不同的情况会是不同的子类,并不一定是Platform的实例,而是它的子类:

 static class Android extends Platform {
    @Override public Executor defaultCallbackExecutor() {
      return new MainThreadExecutor();
    }

    @Override CallAdapter.Factory defaultCallAdapterFactory(@Nullable Executor callbackExecutor) {
      if (callbackExecutor == null) throw new AssertionError();
      return new ExecutorCallAdapterFactory(callbackExecutor);
    }

    static class MainThreadExecutor implements Executor {
      private final Handler handler = new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper());

      @Override public void execute(Runnable r) {
        handler.post(r);
      }
    }
  }

我们重点关注Android平台的,可以看到这里生成的callbackExecutor的execute()方法主要就是用来将操作发送到主线程执行。

ok,callbackExecutor我们弄清楚了,那么接下来我们继续看platform.defaultCallAdapterFactory()方法生成了什么样的CallAdapter.Factory对象:

 CallAdapter.Factory defaultCallAdapterFactory(@Nullable Executor callbackExecutor) {
    if (callbackExecutor != null) {
      return new ExecutorCallAdapterFactory(callbackExecutor);
    }
    return DefaultCallAdapterFactory.INSTANCE;
  }

对于Android平台来说,我们之前生成了一个对应的callbackExecutor,所以我们继续跟进if中的语句,发现最终生成了一个ExecutorCallAdapterFactory()对象,当然,我们主要是看它的get()方法能得到什么样的CallAdapter对象:

 @Override
  public CallAdapter get(Type returnType, Annotation[] annotations, Retrofit retrofit) {
    if (getRawType(returnType) != Call.class) {
      return null;
    }
    final Type responseType = Utils.getCallResponseType(returnType);
    return new CallAdapter>() {
      @Override public Type responseType() {
        return responseType;
      }

      @Override public Call adapt(Call call) {
        return new ExecutorCallbackCall<>(callbackExecutor, call);
      }
    };
  }
 
 

这个get()方法生成了一个匿名的CallAdapter对象,所以:
serviceMethod.adapt(okHttpCall)最终就是调用这个匿名对象的adapt方法
可以看到adapt方法最终就是将OkHttpCall对象转换成了ExecutorCallbackCall对象。那这个对象能干什么?

 static final class ExecutorCallbackCall implements Call {
    final Executor callbackExecutor;
    final Call delegate;

    ExecutorCallbackCall(Executor callbackExecutor, Call delegate) {
      this.callbackExecutor = callbackExecutor;
      this.delegate = delegate;
    }

    @Override public void enqueue(final Callback callback) {
      checkNotNull(callback, "callback == null");

      delegate.enqueue(new Callback() {
        @Override public void onResponse(Call call, final Response response) {
          callbackExecutor.execute(new Runnable() {
            @Override public void run() {
              if (delegate.isCanceled()) {
                // Emulate OkHttp's behavior of throwing/delivering an IOException on cancellation.
                callback.onFailure(ExecutorCallbackCall.this, new IOException("Canceled"));
              } else {
                callback.onResponse(ExecutorCallbackCall.this, response);
              }
            }
          });
        }

        @Override public void onFailure(Call call, final Throwable t) {
          callbackExecutor.execute(new Runnable() {
            @Override public void run() {
              callback.onFailure(ExecutorCallbackCall.this, t);
            }
          });
        }
      });
    }

    @Override public boolean isExecuted() {
      return delegate.isExecuted();
    }

    @Override public Response execute() throws IOException {
      return delegate.execute();
    }

    @Override public void cancel() {
      delegate.cancel();
    }

    @Override public boolean isCanceled() {
      return delegate.isCanceled();
    }

    @SuppressWarnings("CloneDoesntCallSuperClone") // Performing deep clone.
    @Override public Call clone() {
      return new ExecutorCallbackCall<>(callbackExecutor, delegate.clone());
    }

    @Override public Request request() {
      return delegate.request();
    }
  }

可以明显看到这个方法就是对OkHttpCall对象的一个包装,不同的是对它的enque()方法重写了,重写的目的很简单,就是为了将异步结果交给MainThreadExecutor,最终转换到主线程执行回调。

总结

上面源码分析了很多,有点杂乱,这里我们统一总结下OkHttpCall到接口定义的返回类型(这里以Call为例,)的转换过程:

  • 通过platform(在Android平台上是它的子类Android) 生成一个Executor对象,在Android上就是MainThreadExecutor对象。
  • 通过platform生成一个CallAdapterFactory对象,在Android上就是ExecutorCallAdapterFactory对象,该对象能通过get()方法生成一个CallAdapter对象,来将OkHttpCall对象转成ExecutorCallbackCall对象。
  • 将上面提到的CallAdapterFactory对象塞到Retrofit对象中,最终在ServiceMethod的adapt()方法中调用,将OkHttpCall转成ExecutorCallback,然后就可以正常的调用enque()方法发起请求了。

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