K8s - 目录
前置知识点
目前生产部署 Kubernetes 集群主要有两种方式:
kubeadm
二进制包
Kubeadm 降低部署门槛,但屏蔽了很多细节,遇到问题很难排查。如果想更容易可控,推荐使用二进制包部署 Kubernetes 集群,虽然手动部署麻烦点,期间可以学习很 多工作原理,也利于后期维护。
在开始之前,部署Kubernetes集群机器需要满足以下几个条件,请务必按照以下版本进行安装(不通版本之间有较多的差异,会导致遇到一些奇怪的问题):
软件环境:
软件 | 版本 |
---|---|
操作系统 | CentOS Linux release 7.9.2009 (Core) |
Docker | 19.03.9 |
Kubernetes | 1.18.20 |
服务器规划:
角色 | IP | 组件 |
---|---|---|
k8s-master | 192.168.80.220 | kube-apiserver,kube-controller-manager,kube -scheduler,etcd |
k8s-node1 | 192.168.80.221 | kubelet,kube-proxy,docker,etcd |
k8s-node1 | 192.168.80.222 | kubelet,kube-proxy,docker,etcd |
# 根据规划设置主机名
hostnamectl set-hostname
# 关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
# 关闭selinux
sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config # 永久
setenforce 0 # 临时
# 关闭swap
swapoff -a # 临时
sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab # 永久
# 在master添加hosts
cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF
192.168.80.220 k8s-master
192.168.80.221 k8s-node1
192.168.80.222 k8s-node2
EOF
# 将桥接的IPv4流量传递到iptables的链
cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF
sysctl --system # 生效
# 时间同步
yum install ntpdate -y
ntpdate time.windows.com
Etcd 是一个分布式键值存储系统,Kubernetes 使用 Etcd 进行数据存储,所以先准备一个 Etcd 数据库,为解决 Etcd 单点故障,应采用集群方式部署,这里使用 3 台组建集群,可容忍 1 台机器故障,当然,你也可以使用 5 台组建集群,可容忍 2 台机器故障。
节点名称 | IP |
---|---|
etcd-1 | 192.168.80.220 |
etcd-2 | 192.168.80.221 |
etcd-3 | 192.168.80.222 |
注意: 为了节省机器,这里与 K8s 节点机器复用。也可以独立于 k8s 集群之外部署,只要 apiserver 能连接到就行。
cfssl 是一个开源的证书管理工具,使用 json 文件生成证书,相比 openssl 更方便使用。(可以使用任意一台服务器操作,这里用 Master 节点)
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl_linux-amd64
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson_linux-amd64
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
chmod +x cfssl_linux-amd64 cfssljson_linux-amd64 cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
mv cfssl_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl
mv cfssljson_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssljson
mv cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 /usr/bin/cfssl-certinfo
mkdir -p ~/TLS/{etcd,k8s}
cd TLS/etcd
cat > ca-config.json<< EOF
{
"signing" : {
"default" : {
"expiry" : "87600h"
},
"profiles" : {
"www" : {
"expiry" : "87600h",
"usages" : [
"signing",
"key encipherment",
"server auth",
"client auth"
]
}
}
}
}
EOF
cat > ca-csr.json<< EOF
{
"CN" : "etcd CA",
"key" : {
"algo" : "rsa",
"size" : 2048
},
"names" : [
{
"C" : "CN",
"L" : "Beijing",
"ST" : "Beijing"
}
]
}
EOF
cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -
ls *pem
ca-key.pem ca.pem
cat > server-csr.json<< EOF
{
"CN" : "etcd",
"hosts" : [
"192.168.80.220",
"192.168.80.221",
"192.168.80.222",
"192.168.80.223",
"192.168.80.224",
"192.168.80.225",
"192.168.80.226",
"192.168.80.227",
"192.168.80.228",
"192.168.80.229"
],
"key" : {
"algo" : "rsa",
"size" : 2048
},
"names" : [
{
"C" : "CN",
"L" : "BeiJing",
"ST" : "BeiJing"
}
]
}
EOF
注意:上述文件 hosts 字段中 IP 为所有 etcd 节点的集群内部通信 IP,一个都不能少! 为了方便后期扩容可以多写几个预留的IP。cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=www server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server
ls server*pem
server-key.pem server.pem
下载地址:https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases/download/v3.4.9/etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64.tar.gz
以下在节点 1 上操作,操作完成后将节点 1 生成的所有文件拷贝到节点 2 和节点 3。
创建工作目录并解压二进制包
cd /root
mkdir -p /opt/etcd/{bin,cfg,ssl}
tar zxvf etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64.tar.gz
mv etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64/{etcd,etcdctl} /opt/etcd/bin/
创建 etcd 配置文件
cat > /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf << EOF
#[Member]
# 节点名称,集群中唯一
ETCD_NAME="etcd-1"
# 数据目录
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
# 集群通信监听地址
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.80.220:2380"
# 客户端访问监听地址
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.80.220:2379"
#[Clustering]
# 集群通告地址
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.80.220:2380"
# 客户端通告地址
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.80.220:2379"
# 集群节点地址
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd-1=https://192.168.80.220:2380,etcd-
2=https://192.168.80.221:2380,etcd-3=https://192.168.80.222:2380"
# 集群 Token
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
# 加入集群的当前状态,new 是新集群,existing 表示加入 已有集群
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
EOF
systemd 管理 etcd
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Etcd Server
After=network.target
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target
[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=/opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf
ExecStart=/opt/etcd/bin/etcd \
--cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--peer-cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--peer-key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--peer-trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--logger=zap
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
拷贝刚才生成的证书
将生成的证书拷贝到配置文件中的路径:
cp ~/TLS/etcd/ca*pem ~/TLS/etcd/server*pem /opt/etcd/ssl/
启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start etcd
systemctl enable etcd
systemctl status etcd
将上面节点 1 所有生成的文件拷贝到节点 2 和节点 3
scp -r /opt/etcd/ [email protected]:/opt/
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service [email protected]:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
scp -r /opt/etcd/ [email protected]:/opt/
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service [email protected]:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
然后在节点 2 和节点 3 分别修改 etcd.conf 配置文件中的节点名称和当前服务器 IP:
vi /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd-1" # 修改此处,节点 2 改为 etcd-2,节点 3 改为 etcd-3
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.80.220:2380" # 修改此处为当前服务器 IP
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.80.220:2379" # 修改此处为当前服务器 IP
#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.80.220:2380" # 修改此处为当前 服务器 IP
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.80.220:2379" # 修改此处为当前服务器 IP
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd-1=https://192.168.80.220:2380,etcd-
2=https://192.168.31.72:2380,etcd-3=https://192.168.31.73:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
最后启动 etcd 并设置开机启动,同上。
查看集群状态
ETCDCTL_API=3 /opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl --cacert=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --cert=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem --key=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem --endpoints="https://192.168.80.220:2379,https://192.168.80.221:2379,https://192.168.80.222:2379" endpoint health
https://192.168.80.221:2379 is healthy: successfully committed proposal: took = 23.326647ms
https://192.168.80.222:2379 is healthy: successfully committed proposal: took = 23.536207ms
https://192.168.80.220:2379 is healthy: successfully committed proposal: took = 24.116646ms
如果输出上面信息,就说明集群部署成功。如果有问题第一步先看日志:
/var/log/message 或 journalctl -u etcd
下载地址:https://download.docker.com/linux/static/stable/x86_64/docker-19.03.9.tgz
以下步骤在所有节点操作。这里采用二进制安装,用 yum 安装也一样。
解压二进制包
ca /root
tar zxvf docker-19.03.9.tgz
mv docker/* /usr/bin
systemd 管理 docker
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Docker Application Container Engine
Documentation=https://docs.docker.com
After=network-online.target firewalld.service
Wants=network-online.target
[Service]
Type=notify
ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
LimitNOFILE=infinity
LimitNPROC=infinity
LimitCORE=infinity
TimeoutStartSec=0
Delegate=yes
KillMode=process
Restart=on-failure
StartLimitBurst=3
StartLimitInterval=60s
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
创建配置文件
mkdir /etc/docker
cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json << EOF
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://82m9ar63.mirror.aliyuncs.com"],
"log-opts": {
"max-size": "100m",
"max-file": "3"
}
}
EOF
registry-mirrors 阿里云镜像加速器
启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start docker
systemctl enable docker
systemctl status docker
自签证书颁发机构(CA)
# 切换目录
cd ~/TLS/k8s
cat > ca-config.json<< EOF
{
"signing": {
"default": {
"expiry": "87600h"
},
"profiles": {
"kubernetes": {
"expiry": "87600h",
"usages": [
"signing",
"key encipherment",
"server auth",
"client auth"
]
}
}
}
}
EOF
cat > ca-csr.json<< EOF
{
"CN": "kubernetes",
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "Beijing",
"ST": "Beijing",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}
EOF
生成证书:
cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -
ls *pem
ca-key.pem ca.pem
使用自签 CA 签发 kube-apiserver HTTPS 证书
cat > server-csr.json<< EOF
{
"CN": "kubernetes",
"hosts": [
"10.0.0.1",
"127.0.0.1",
"192.168.80.220",
"192.168.80.221",
"192.168.80.222",
"192.168.80.223",
"192.168.80.224",
"192.168.80.225",
"192.168.80.226",
"192.168.80.227",
"192.168.80.228",
"192.168.80.229",
"kubernetes",
"kubernetes.default",
"kubernetes.default.svc",
"kubernetes.default.svc.cluster",
"kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local"
],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "BeiJing",
"ST": "BeiJing",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}
EOF
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server
ls server*pem
server-key.pem server.pem
下载地址:https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/
注意:打开链接你会发现里面有很多包,选择对应的版本下载一个 server 包就够了,包含了 Master 和 Worker Node 二进制文件。
cd /root
mkdir -p /opt/kubernetes/{bin,cfg,ssl,logs}
tar zxvf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
cd kubernetes/server/bin
cp kube-apiserver kube-scheduler kube-controller-manager /opt/kubernetes/bin
cp kubectl /usr/bin/
创建配置文件
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver.conf << EOF
KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
--etcd-servers=https://192.168.80.220:2379,https://192.168.80.221:2379,https://192.168.80.222:2379 \\
--bind-address=192.168.80.220 \\
--secure-port=6443 \\
--advertise-address=192.168.80.220 \\
--allow-privileged=true \\
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 \\
--enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction \\
--authorization-mode=RBAC,Node \\
--enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true \\
--token-auth-file=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv \\
--service-node-port-range=30000-32767 \\
--kubelet-client-certificate=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem \\
--kubelet-client-key=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--tls-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem \\
--tls-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--client-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--service-account-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \\
--etcd-cafile=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \\
--etcd-certfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \\
--etcd-keyfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--audit-log-maxage=30 \\
--audit-log-maxbackup=3 \\
--audit-log-maxsize=100 \\
--audit-log-path=/opt/kubernetes/logs/k8s-audit.log"
EOF
注意:上面两个\ \ 第一个是转义符,第二个是换行符,使用转义符是为了使用 EOF 保留换行符。
–logtostderr: 启用日志
–v: 日志等级
–log-dir: 日志目录
–etcd-servers: etcd 集群地址
–bind-address: 监听地址
–secure-port: https 安全端口
–advertise-address: 集群通告地址
–allow-privileged: 启用授权
–service-cluster-ip-range: Service 虚拟 IP 地址段
–enable-admission-plugins: 准入控制模块
–authorization-mode: 认证授权,启用 RBAC 授权和节点自管理
–enable-bootstrap-token-auth: 启用 TLS bootstrap 机制
–token-auth-file: bootstrap token 文件
–service-node-port-range: Service nodeport 类型默认分配端口范围
–kubelet-client-xxx: apiserver 访问 kubelet 客户端证书
–tls-xxx-file: apiserver https 证书
–etcd-xxxfile: 连接 Etcd 集群证书
–audit-log-xxx: 审计日志
k8s 1.20.x+可能需要这两个参数:
–service-account-signing-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \
–service-account-issuer=api \
拷贝刚才生成的证书
将生成的证书拷贝到配置文件中的路径:
cp ~/TLS/k8s/ca*pem ~/TLS/k8s/server*pem /opt/kubernetes/ssl/
启用 TLS Bootstrapping 机制
TLS Bootstraping:Master apiserver 启用 TLS 认证后,Node 节点 kubelet 和 kube-proxy 要与 kube-apiserver 进行通信,必须使用 CA 签发的有效证书才可以,当 Node节点很多时,这种客户端证书颁发需要大量工作,同样也会增加集群扩展复杂度。为了简化流程,Kubernetes 引入了 TLS bootstraping 机制来自动颁发客户端证书,kubelet 会以一个低权限用户自动向 apiserver 申请证书,kubelet 的证书由 apiserver 动态签署。所以强烈建议在 Node 上使用这种方式, 目前主要用于 kubelet ,kube-proxy 还是由我们统一颁发一个证书。
TLS bootstraping 工作流程:
创建上述配置文件中 token 文件:
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv << EOF
b6533c33b65dfd9836534253be322740,kubelet-bootstrap,10001,"system:node-bootstrapper"
EOF
格式: token ,用户名,UID ,用户组
token 也可自行生成替换:
head -c 16 /dev/urandom | od -An -t x | tr -d ' '
systemd 管理 apiserver
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Server
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-apiserver \$KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-apiserver
systemctl enable kube-apiserver
systemctl status kube-apiserver
注意:若发现启动失败可通过以下命令查看错误。
journalctl -xe -u kube-apiserver
cat /var/log/messages|grep kube-apiserver|grep -i error
授权 kubelet-bootstrap 用户允许请求证书
kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-bootstrap \
--clusterrole=system:node-bootstrapper \
--user=kubelet-bootstrap
注意:若发现如下错误,请先删除历史授权记录后再执行用户授权。
错误信息:
error: no matches for kind "ClusterRoleBinding" in version "rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1"
删除命令:
kubectl delete clusterrolebinding kubelet-bootstrap
创建配置文件
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager.conf << EOF
KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
--leader-elect=true \\
--master=127.0.0.1:8080 \\
--bind-address=127.0.0.1 \\
--allocate-node-cidrs=true \\
--cluster-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 \\
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 \\
--cluster-signing-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--cluster-signing-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \\
--root-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--service-account-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \\
--experimental-cluster-signing-duration=87600h0m0s"
EOF
–master: 通过本地非安全本地端口 8080 连接 apiserver。
–leader-elect: 当该组件启动多个时,自动选举(HA)。
–cluster-signing-cert-file/ –cluster-signing-key-file: 自动为 kubelet 颁发证书 的 CA,与 apiserver 保持一致。
systemd 管理 controller-manager
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-controller-manager \$KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-controller-manager
systemctl enable kube-controller-manager
systemctl status kube-controller-manager
创建配置文件
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler.conf << EOF
KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
--leader-elect \\
--master=127.0.0.1:8080 \\
--bind-address=127.0.0.1"
EOF
–master: 通过本地非安全本地端口 8080 连接 apiserver。
–leader-elect: 当该组件启动多个时,自动选举(HA)。
systemd 管理 scheduler
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Scheduler
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-scheduler \$KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-scheduler
systemctl enable kube-scheduler
systemctl status kube-scheduler
查看集群状态
所有组件都已经启动成功,通过 kubectl 工具查看当前集群组件状态:
kubectl get cs
NAME STATUS MESSAGE ERROR
scheduler Healthy ok
controller-manager Healthy ok
etcd-2 Healthy {"health":"true"}
etcd-1 Healthy {"health":"true"}
etcd-0 Healthy {"health":"true"}
如上输出说明 Master 节点组件运行正常。
注意:
以下命令需要在不同的服务器上操作,请注意区分:
创建工作目录(worker):
mkdir -p /opt/kubernetes/{bin,cfg,ssl,logs}
上传 kubernetes 压缩包 到 root 目录下并解压(worker):
cd /root
tar zxvf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
copy 可执行文件到指定目录(master & worker):
cd kubernetes/server/bin
cp kubelet kube-proxy /opt/kubernetes/bin
创建配置文件(master & worker)
注意:hostname-override 字段要求集群中唯一,所以每个节点需要手动修改为节点对应的主机名。
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf << EOF
KUBELET_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
--hostname-override=k8s-master \\
--network-plugin=cni \\
--kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig \\
--bootstrap-kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap.kubeconfig \\
--config=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet-config.yml \\
--cert-dir=/opt/kubernetes/ssl \\
--pod-infra-container-image=registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google-containers/pause-amd64:3.0"
EOF
–hostname-override: 显示名称,集群中唯一
–network-plugin: 启用 CNI
–kubeconfig: 空路径,会自动生成,后面用于连接 apiserver
–bootstrap-kubeconfig: 首次启动向 apiserver 申请证书
–config: 配置参数文件
–cert-dir: kubelet 证书生成目录
–pod-infra-container-image: 管理 Pod 网络容器的镜像
配置参数文件(master & worker)
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet-config.yml << EOF
kind: KubeletConfiguration
apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
address: 0.0.0.0
port: 10250
readOnlyPort: 10255
cgroupDriver: cgroupfs
clusterDNS:
- 10.0.0.2
clusterDomain: cluster.local
failSwapOn: false
authentication:
anonymous:
enabled: false
webhook:
cacheTTL: 2m0s
enabled: true
x509:
clientCAFile: /opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem
authorization:
mode: Webhook
webhook:
cacheAuthorizedTTL: 5m0s
cacheUnauthorizedTTL: 30s
evictionHard:
imagefs.available: 15%
memory.available: 100Mi
nodefs.available: 10%
nodefs.inodesFree: 5%
maxOpenFiles: 1000000
maxPods: 110
EOF
生成 bootstrap.kubeconfig 文件(master)
cd /root/TLS/k8s
# 配置环境变量
KUBE_APISERVER="https://192.168.80.220:6443" # apiserver IP:PORT
TOKEN="b6533c33b65dfd9836534253be322740" # 与 token.csv 里保持一致
# 生成 kubelet bootstrap kubeconfig 配置文件
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
--certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
--kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-credentials "kubelet-bootstrap" \
--token=${TOKEN} \
--kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-context default \
--cluster=kubernetes \
--user="kubelet-bootstrap" \
--kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
kubectl config use-context default \
--kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
拷贝到配置文件指定路径(master):
cp bootstrap.kubeconfig /opt/kubernetes/cfg/
将配置文件及证书传输到 worker 节点(master):
scp -r /root/TLS/k8s/bootstrap.kubeconfig [email protected]:/opt/kubernetes/cfg/
scp -r /opt/kubernetes/ssl/{ca-key.pem,ca.pem,kubelet.crt,kubelet.key,server-key.pem,server.pem} [email protected]:/opt/kubernetes/ssl/
scp -r /root/TLS/k8s/bootstrap.kubeconfig [email protected]:/opt/kubernetes/cfg/
scp -r /opt/kubernetes/ssl/{ca-key.pem,ca.pem,kubelet.crt,kubelet.key,server-key.pem,server.pem} [email protected]:/opt/kubernetes/ssl/
systemd 管理 kubelet(master & worker)
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kubelet
After=docker.service
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kubelet \$KUBELET_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
启动并设置开机启动(master & worker)
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kubelet
systemctl enable kubelet
systemctl status kubelet
常用排错命令:
journalctl -u kebelet
journalctl -xe
# 查看 kubelet 证书请求
kubectl get csr
NAME AGE SIGNERNAME REQUESTOR CONDITION
node-csr-uCEGPOIiDdlLODKts8J658HrFq9CZ--K6M4G7bjhk8A 6m3s kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet kubelet-bootstrap Pending
# 批准申请
kubectl certificate approve node-csr-uCEGPOIiDdlLODKts8J658HrFq9CZ-- K6M4G7bjhk8A
# 查看节点
kubectl get node
注意:由于网络插件还没有部署,节点会没有准备就绪NotReady。。
创建配置文件(master & worker)
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.conf << EOF
KUBE_PROXY_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
--config=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml"
EOF
配置参数文件(master & worker)
注意:hostname-override 字段要求集群中唯一,所以每个节点需要手动修改为节点对应的主机名。
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml << EOF
kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
bindAddress: 0.0.0.0
metricsBindAddress: 0.0.0.0:10249
clientConnection:
kubeconfig: /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.kubeconfig
hostnameOverride: k8s-master
clusterCIDR: 10.0.0.0/24
EOF
生成 kube-proxy.kubeconfig 文件(master)
生成 kube -proxy 证书:
# 切换工作目录
cd ~/TLS/k8s
# 创建证书请求文件
cat > kube-proxy-csr.json<< EOF
{
"CN": "system:kube-proxy",
"hosts": [],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "BeiJing",
"ST": "BeiJing",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}
EOF
# 生成证书
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-proxy-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-proxy
ls kube-proxy*pem
kube-proxy-key.pem kube-proxy.pem
生成 kubeconfig 文件:
KUBE_APISERVER="https://192.168.80.220:6443"
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
--certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-credentials kube-proxy \
--client-certificate=./kube-proxy.pem \
--client-key=./kube-proxy-key.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-context default \
--cluster=kubernetes \
--user=kube-proxy \
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
拷贝到配置文件指定路径:
cp kube-proxy.kubeconfig /opt/kubernetes/cfg/
将配置文件传输到 worker 节点(master):
scp -r /root/TLS/k8s/kube-proxy.kubeconfig [email protected]:/opt/kubernetes/cfg/
scp -r /root/TLS/k8s/kube-proxy.kubeconfig [email protected]:/opt/kubernetes/cfg/
systemd 管理 kube-proxy(master & worker)
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Proxy
After=network.target
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-proxy \$KUBE_PROXY_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
启动并设置开机启动(master & worker)
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-proxy
systemctl enable kube-proxy
systemctl status kube-proxy
下载地址:https://github.com/containernetworking/plugins/releases/download/v0.8.6/cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v0.8.6.tgz
上传 CNI 压缩包 到 root 目录下(master & worker):
cd /root
mkdir -p /opt/cni/bin
tar zxvf cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v0.8.6.tgz -C /opt/cni/bin
下载 CNI 网络yaml文件(master):
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
sed -i -r "s#quay.io/coreos/flannel:.*-amd64#lizhenliang/flannel:v0.12.0-amd64#g" kube-flannel.yml
如果发现镜像拉去不下来,就去查看 docker 镜像仓库的配置。
部署 CNI 网络(master):
kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml
kubectl get pods -A -o wide
kubectl get node
部署好网络插件,Node 准备就绪。
cd /root
cat > apiserver-to-kubelet-rbac.yaml<< EOF
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
annotations:
rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: "true"
labels:
kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults
name: system:kube-apiserver-to-kubelet
rules:
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- nodes/proxy
- nodes/stats
- nodes/log
- nodes/spec
- nodes/metrics
- pods/log
verbs:
- "*"
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
name: system:kube-apiserver
namespace: ""
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: system:kube-apiserver-to-kubelet
subjects:
- apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: User
name: kubernetes
EOF
kubectl apply -f apiserver-to-kubelet-rbac.yaml
拷贝已部署好的 Node相关文件到新节点(master)
scp -r /opt/kubernetes [email protected]:/opt/
scp -r /usr/lib/systemd/system/{kubelet,kube-proxy}.service [email protected]:/usr/lib/systemd/system
scp -r /opt/cni/ [email protected]:/opt/
删除 kubelet 证书和 kubeconfig 文件(worker)
rm /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig
rm -f /opt/kubernetes/ssl/kubelet*
注意:这几个文件是证书申请审批后自动生成的,每个 Node 不同,必须删除重新生成。
修改主机名(worker)
–hostname-override=k8s-node1
vi /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf
hostnameOverride: k8s-node1
vi /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml
启动并设置开机启动(worker)
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl stop kubelet
systemctl start kubelet
systemctl enable kubelet
systemctl stop kube-proxy
systemctl start kube-proxy
systemctl enable kube-proxy
在 Master 上批准新 Node kubelet 证书申请(master)
kubectl get csr
kubectl certificate approve
NAME AGE SIGNERNAME REQUESTOR CONDITION
node-csr-4zTjsaVSrhuyhIGqsefxzVoZDCNKei-aE2jyTP81Uro 89s kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet kubelet-bootstrap Pending
kubectl certificate approve node-csr-4zTjsaVSrhuyhIGqsefxzVoZDCNKei- aE2jyTP81Uro
查看 Node状态(master)
kubectl get node
记得执行环境初始化、docker安装等步骤!!!