1. 添加一个用户
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release # 查看linux版本
CentOS Linux release 7.7.1908 (Core)
[root@localhost ~]# adduser flask # 添加用户
[root@localhost ~]# passwd flask # 设置密码
[root@localhost ~]# gpasswd -a flask wheel # 将flask加入wheel组
[root@localhost ~]# sudo -iu flask # 切换到flask用户
2. 初始化环境
sudo yum install epel-release # 初始化仓库
sudo yum install gcc nginx # 安装gcc和nginx
3. 安装anaconda
下载地址:https://www.anaconda.com/products/individual
wget https://repo.anaconda.com/archive/Anaconda3-2020.02-Linux-x86_64.sh # 下载anaconda
sh Anaconda3-2020.02-Linux-x86_64.sh # 安装anaconda
按默认设置安装即可,可以简单归纳就是“yes 回车 yes”!
4. 创建python虚拟环境
source anaconda3/bin/activate # 激活anaconda
pip install virtualenv # 安装virtualenv
mkdir ~/myweb # 创建目录
cd ~/myweb
virtualenv myweb # 创建虚拟环境目录
source myweb/bin/activate # 激活新建的虚拟环境
5. 安装flask和配置uwsgi
pip install uwsgi flask # 安装flask和uwsgi
sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=5000/tcp # 打开防火墙端口,请根据实际打开相应端口
sudo firewall-cmd --reload # 应用防火墙设置
将flask项目复制到myweb目录中,先执行 python manage.py runserver 测试是否可以正常运行,之后在项目目录(myweb)下建立uwsgi配置文件(myweb.ini),并粘贴以下内容。
vi myweb.ini
[uwsgi]
module=manage:app
master=true
processes=2
threads=50
#指向网站目录
chdir=/data/www/myweb/
socket = /data/www/myweb/uwsgi.sock
socket = 127.0.0.1:8000
logto = /data/www/myweb/uwsgi.log
chmod-socket = 660
vacuum = true
文件参数说明如下:
- module:manage 是项目启动文件 manage.py 去掉扩展名,app 是 manage.py 文件中的变量 app,即 Flask 实例。
- processes 启动的服务占用2个进程。
- socket此处包含两个,一个是指定了暴露的端口,另外指定了一个myproject.sock文件保存socker信息。
- chdir是项目路径地址。
- logto是日志输出地址。
设置完成后回到命令行,使用以下命令启动一个uwsgi服务器
uwsgi --ini myweb.ini
6. 创建自启动Systemd配置
sudo vi /etc/systemd/system/myweb.service
输入下面内容
[Unit]
Description=uWSGI instance to serve Myweb
After=network.target
[Service]
User=flask
WorkingDirectory=/data/www/myweb
Environment="PATH=/data/www/myweb/bin"
ExecStart=/data/www/myweb/bin/uwsgi --ini /data/www/myweb/myweb.ini
Restart=always
Type=notify
NotifyAccess=all
StandardError=syslog
KillSignal=SIGQUIT
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
sudo systemctl start myweb.service # 启动服务
sudo systemctl enable myweb.service # 开机自启动
7. 安装配置Nginx
yum install nginx
cd /etc/nginx # 进入nginx配置目录
mv nginx.conf nginx.conf_bak # 备份原配置文件
vi nginx.conf # 新建nginx.conf 文件
输入如下内容
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
worker_processes 4;
events { worker_connections 1024; }
http {
include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
server {
listen 9000;
location / {
include /etc/nginx/uwsgi_params;
uwsgi_pass 127.0.0.1:8000;
}
}
}
systemctl start nginx # 运行Nginx
如果出现下面错误,可能是http允许访问的端口未设置,需要使用semanage进行配置
[emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:9000 failed (13: Permission denied)
安装semanage,直接yum install semanage会报No package semanage available.
执行下面命令:
yum provides semanage
再执行下面命令完成semanage的安装
yum -y install policycoreutils-python.x86_64
使用semanage查看端口
semanage port -l | grep http_port_t
如果Nginx绑定的端口不在其中,使用下面命令添加
semanage port -a -t http_port_t -p tcp 9000
打开防火墙端口
firewall-cmd --add-port 9000/tcp
此时访问网址 http://127.0.0.1:9000 出现502错误,查看日志
cat /var/log/nginx/error.log
2020/12/17 15:28:41 [crit] 44387#0: *4 connect() to 127.0.0.1:8000 failed (13: Permission denied) while connecting to upstream, client: 127.0.0.1, server: , request: "GET / HTTP/1.1", upstream: "uwsgi://127.0.0.1:8000", host: "127.0.0.1:9000"
setsebool -P httpd_can_network_connect 1
执行上面命令后,网站终于可以正常访问了。
最后设置Nginx开机自启动
systemctl enable nginx # 设置Nginx开机自启动
8. 安装 certbot 并获取Let's Encrypt 的免费证书
yum install certbot python2-certbot-nginx
在使用certbot获取证书前,需要做几件事:
- 将域名指向服务器
- 将网站端口改为80(实现证书服务器的反向验证)
- 打开防火墙的http和https服务端口
firewall-cmd --add-service=http --permanent
firewall-cmd --add-service=https --permanent
firewall-cmd --reload
- Nginx.conf进行简单的设置
nano /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
worker_processes 4;
events { worker_connections 1024; }
http {
include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
server {
server_name xxx.xxx.com; # 可以设置服务器域名了
listen 80;
location / {
include /etc/nginx/uwsgi_params;
uwsgi_pass 127.0.0.1:8000;
}
location ~ /.well-known {
allow all;
}
}
}
配置好上面内容后,执行下面命令开始获取证书
certbot --nginx -d xxx.xxx.com
当看到 Congratulations 的提示时,表示证书生成成功,并告知证书放在 /etc/letsencrypt/live 目录下
再次修改/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
worker_processes 4;
events { worker_connections 1024; }
http {
include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
server {
server_name xxx.xxx.com;
listen 443 ssl;
ssl_certificate "/etc/letsencrypt/live/xxx.xxx.com/fullchain.pem"; #cert
ssl_certificate_key "/etc/letsencrypt/live/xxx.xxx.com/privkey.pem"; #KEY
ssl_dhparam /etc/letsencrypt/ssl-dhparams.pem; # managed by Certbot
ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
ssl_session_timeout 10m;
ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
ssl_ciphers ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5:!RC4:!DHE;
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
location / {
include /etc/nginx/uwsgi_params;
uwsgi_pass 127.0.0.1:8000;
}
location ~ /.well-known {
allow all;
}
}
server {
server_name xxx.xxx.com;
listen 80;
location ~ /.well-known {
allow all;
}
location / {
rewrite ^(.*) https://$host$1 permanent;
}
}
}
测试并重启 nginx:
nginx -t
nginx -s reload
9. Let's Encrypt 证书自动更新
使用下面命令进行证书虚拟更新
certbot renew --dry-run
如果一切正常就可以设置cron任务了
30 4 * * 1 certbot renew --renew-hook "systemctl restart nginx" --quiet > /dev/null 2>&1 &
部署过程到此结束,谢谢观看!