使用Docker搭建Hadoop集群环境

一直想用docker搭建一套Hadoop集群用于日常学习和实验，最近终于有时间弄了，希望能帮到学习的人少走弯路吧

各个官网
Hadoop官网
Hive官网
HBase官网
ZooKeeper官网

一、准备前期工作

1.从官网上面下载文件

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2.解压重命名文件

image1.png

3.修改docker的可用内存，默认设置在2G，这里我修改成10G，修改完成记得点应用重启

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4.拉取docker镜像

docker pull mamohr/centos-java
docker pull mysql

5.在自己电脑建立容器的映射文件，方便有时查看文件

image5.png

6.开启3个集群容器和MySQL容器，并开放了集群的端口

# mysql hive的元数据
docker run --name hive-metadata -v /Volumes/data/docker/hadoop/mysql:/var/lib/mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -d mysql
docker run -d -i -t -p 9870:9870 -p 8088:8088 -p 16010:16010 -p 10000:10000 -p 2181:2181 -p 60000:60000 --privileged --name master --link hive-metadata:metadata -v /Volumes/data/docker/hadoop/master:/data mamohr/centos-java bin/bash
docker run -d -i -t --privileged --name slave1 -v /Volumes/data/docker/hadoop/slave1:/data mamohr/centos-java bin/bash
docker run -d -i -t --privileged --name slave2 -v /Volumes/data/docker/hadoop/slave2:/data mamohr/centos-java bin/bash

7.开启3个命令行窗口，分别进入3个集群的容器

docker attach master
docker attach slave1
docker attach slave2

8.集群的3个容器安装各种服务。在root用户下操作

yum install -y wget vim openssh-server openssh-clients net-tools
mkdir  /var/run/sshd/
sed -i "s/UsePAM.*/UsePAM no/g" /etc/ssh/sshd_config
# 直接回车两次就行了
ssh-keygen -t rsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key
ssh-keygen -t ecdsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key
ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key
#开启ssh服务
/usr/sbin/sshd -D &
#设置root用户密码，这里我填的是123456，连续两次输入
passwd

9.使用ifconfig查看每个容器的ip地址，并修改master的/etc/hosts添加下面内容

172.17.0.3 master
172.17.0.4 slave1
172.17.0.5 slave2

10.将hosts文件发往另外两台容器，因为root没做免密处理，所以需要输入root用户密码

scp /etc/hosts root@slave1:/etc/
scp /etc/hosts root@slave2:/etc/

11.将解压好的安装文件夹复制到master容器，在自己电脑上面执行

docker cp hadoop-3.2.1/ master:/opt
docker cp hive-3.1.2 master:/opt
docker cp mysql-connector-java-8.0.17.jar  master:/opt/hive-3.1.2/lib
docker cp hbase-2.2.1/  master:/opt/
docker cp zookeeper-3.5.5/  master:/opt/

12.集群的3个容器都要添加hadoop用户

#添加用户
adduser hadoop
#设置hadoop用户密码，这里我填的是123456，连续两次输入
passwd hadoop

13.在master容器，修改文件夹拥有者为hadoop用户

chown -R  hadoop:hadoop /opt/hadoop-3.2.1/
chown -R  hadoop:hadoop /opt/hive-3.1.2
chown -R  hadoop:hadoop /opt/hbase-2.2.1/
chown -R  hadoop:hadoop /opt/zookeeper-3.5.5/

14.在master容器做免密SSH处理，在hadoop用户上进行

# 切换到hadoop用户
su hadoop
# 直接两次回车
ssh-keygen -t rsa
# 需要输入hadoop用户密码
ssh-copy-id -i /home/hadoop/.ssh/id_rsa.pub hadoop@master
ssh-copy-id -i /home/hadoop/.ssh/id_rsa.pub hadoop@slave1
ssh-copy-id -i /home/hadoop/.ssh/id_rsa.pub hadoop@slave2

15.在master容器上配置环境变量，在hadoop用户上进行。vim ~/.bash_profile

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/latest
export CLASSPATH=$JAVA_HOME/lib/
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
export HADOOP_HOME=/opt/hadoop-3.2.1
export PATH=$PATH:$HADOOP_HOME/bin
export PATH=$PATH:$HADOOP_HOME/sbin
export HADOOP_CONF_DIR=${HADOOP_HOME}/etc/hadoop
export HIVE_HOME=/opt/hive-3.1.2
export PATH=$PATH:$HIVE_HOME/bin
export HIVE_CONF_DIR=$HIVE_HOME/conf
export HIVE_AUX_JARS_PATH=$HIVE_HOME/lib
export ZOOKEEPER_HOME=/opt/zookeeper-3.5.5
export PATH=$PATH:$ZOOKEEPER_HOME/bin
export HBASE_HOME=/opt/hbase-2.2.1
export PATH=$PATH:$HBASE_HOME/bin

16.在master容器下将环境变量发往slave1和slave2

scp ~/.bash_profile hadoop@slave1:~
scp ~/.bash_profile hadoop@slave2:~

17.在master容器下使变量生效

source ~/.bash_profile
ssh hadoop@slave1 'source ~/.bash_profile'
ssh hadoop@slave2 'source ~/.bash_profile'

二、配置Hadoop

1.在master容器下，进入/opt/hadoop-3.2.1/etc/hadoop目录下修改配置文件
hadoop-env.sh

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/latest

core-site.xml

     
     fs.defaultFS
         hdfs://master:9000
     
     
     hadoop.tmp.dir
     /data/tmp
     

hdfs-site.xml

    
        dfs.namenode.name.dir
        /data/nameNode
    
    
        dfs.datanode.data.dir
        /data/dataNode
    
    
        dfs.replication
        2
    
    
        dfs.namenode.secondary.http-address
        slave1:9001
    
    
    dfs.webhdfs.enabled
    true
    
    
        dfs.permissions
        false
    

mapred-site.xml

 
        mapreduce.framework.name
        yarn
    

  yarn.app.mapreduce.am.env
  HADOOP_MAPRED_HOME=/opt/hadoop-3.2.1/


  mapreduce.map.env
  HADOOP_MAPRED_HOME=/opt/hadoop-3.2.1/


  mapreduce.reduce.env
  HADOOP_MAPRED_HOME=/opt/hadoop-3.2.1/

yarn-site.xm

    
        yarn.resourcemanager.hostname
        master
    
    
        yarn.nodemanager.aux-services
        mapreduce_shuffle
    

workers

master
slave1
slave2

2.配置好Hadoop之后，将Hadoop发往slave1和slave2

scp -r /opt/hadoop-3.2.1/ root@slave1:/opt/
scp -r /opt/hadoop-3.2.1/ root@slave2:/opt/

3.修改文件权限，这里要输入root密码

ssh root@slave1 'chown -R  hadoop:hadoop /opt/hadoop-3.2.1/'
ssh root@slave2 'chown -R  hadoop:hadoop /opt/hadoop-3.2.1/'

4.开启hadoop服务

hdfs namenode -format
start-all.sh
# 查看NameNode,DataNode服务是否开启
jps

5.校验MapReduce是否可以运行

hdfs dfs -mkdir /input/
hdfs dfs -put /opt/hadoop-3.2.1/LICENSE.txt /input/
hadoop jar /opt/hadoop-3.2.1/share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-examples-3.2.1.jar wordcount /input /output

三、配置Hive

在maser容器下的hadoop用户下，进入/opt/hive-3.1.2/conf目录下配置
1.创建hive的配置文件

cp hive-log4j2.properties.template hive-log4j2.properties

hive-site.xml

     
          system:java.io.tmpdir
        /data/tmpdir
      
     
     system:user.name
     hadoop
     
    
      javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName
      root
    
  
      javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword
      123456
  
  
      javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL
      jdbc:mysql://metadata:3306/hive?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true
  
  
      javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName
      com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
  

2.修改hive-log4j2.properties

#修改日志文件地址
property.hive.log.dir = /opt/hive-3.1.2/logs

3.Hive元数据初始化

schematool -dbType mysql -initSchema

发现下面问题，这个hive下面的guava冲突了，改成使用hadoop的guava

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoSuchMethodError: com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkArgument(ZLjava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/Object;)V
    at org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration.set(Configuration.java:1357)
    at org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration.set(Configuration.java:1338)
    at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobConf.setJar(JobConf.java:536)
    at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobConf.setJarByClass(JobConf.java:554)
    at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobConf.(JobConf.java:448)
    at org.apache.hadoop.hive.conf.HiveConf.initialize(HiveConf.java:4045)
    at org.apache.hadoop.hive.conf.HiveConf.(HiveConf.java:4008)
    at org.apache.hive.beeline.HiveSchemaTool.(HiveSchemaTool.java:82)
    at org.apache.hive.beeline.HiveSchemaTool.main(HiveSchemaTool.java:1117)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
    at org.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar.run(RunJar.java:323)
    at org.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar.main(RunJar.java:236)

解决方案
删除apache-hive-3.1.2/lib/guava-14.0.1.jar，复制hadoop的过来

rm /opt/hive-3.1.2/lib/guava-19.0.jar
cp /opt/hadoop-3.2.1/share/hadoop/common/lib/guava-27.0-jre.jar /opt/hive-3.1.2/lib/

4.启动hiveserver

nohup hive --service hiveserver2 > /opt/hive-3.1.2/logs/hiveserver2.log&

四、配置zookeeper

在maser容器下的hadoop用户下，进入/opt/zookeeper-3.5.5/conf目录下配置

cp zoo_sample.cfg zoo.cfg

1.配置zoo.cfg

dataDir=/data/zookeeper/data
dataLogDir=/opt/zookeeper-3.5.5/logs/
server.1=master:2888:3888
server.2=slave1:2888:3888
server.3=slave2:2888:3888

2.创建文件夹，在hadoop用户下进行

mkdir /data/zookeeper/
mkdir /data/zookeeper/data
ssh hadoop@slave1 'mkdir /data/zookeeper/'
ssh hadoop@slave1 'mkdir /data/zookeeper/data'
ssh hadoop@slave2 'mkdir /data/zookeeper'
ssh hadoop@slave2 'mkdir /data/zookeeper/data'

3.创建myid文件

echo "1" > /data/zookeeper/data/myid
ssh hadoop@slave1 'echo "2" > /data/zookeeper/data/myid'
ssh hadoop@slave2 'echo "3" > /data/zookeeper/data/myid'

4.将zookeeper发给其他容器

scp -r /opt/zookeeper-3.5.5/ root@slave1:/opt/
scp -r /opt/zookeeper-3.5.5/ root@slave2:/opt/

5.修改所属用户

ssh root@slave1 'chown -R  hadoop:hadoop /opt/zookeeper-3.5.5'
ssh root@slave2 'chown -R  hadoop:hadoop /opt/zookeeper-3.5.5'

8.启动zookeeper

zkServer.sh start
ssh hadoop@slave1 '/opt/zookeeper-3.5.5/bin/zkServer.sh start'
ssh hadoop@slave2 '/opt/zookeeper-3.5.5/bin/zkServer.sh start'

五、配置HBase

1.在maser容器下的hadoop用户下，进入/opt/hbase-2.2.1/conf目录下配置
hbase-env.sh

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/latest
export HBASE_CLASSPATH=/opt/hadoop-3.2.1/etc/hadoop/

hbase-site.xml

   
       hbase.unsafe.stream.capability.enforce
       false
   
   
       hbase.rootdir
       hdfs://master:9000/hbase
   
   
       hbase.cluster.distributed
       true
   
   
       hbase.tmp.dir
       /data/tmp
   
   
       hbase.zookeeper.quorum
       master,slave1,slave2
   

regionservers

slave1
slave2

2.将hbase发给其他容器

scp -r /opt/hbase-2.2.1 root@slave1:/opt/
scp -r /opt/hbase-2.2.1 root@slave2:/opt/

3.修改所属用户

ssh root@slave1 'chown -R  hadoop:hadoop /opt/hbase-2.2.1'
ssh root@slave2 'chown -R  hadoop:hadoop /opt/hbase-2.2.1'

4.启动HBase

start-hbase.sh