python聊天室详细教程_基于python实现聊天室程序
本文实例为大家分享了python实现简单聊天室的具体代码，供大家参考，具体内容如下
刚刚接触python编程，又从接触java开始一直对socket模块感兴趣，所以就做了一个聊天室的小程序。
该程序由客户端与服务器构成，使用UDP服务，服务器端绑定本地IP和端口，客户端由系统随机选择端口。
实现了群发、私发、点对点文件互传功能。
客户端自建了一个类继承了Cmd模块，使用自定义的命令command进行操作，调用相应的do_command方法。
使用json模块进行消息的封装序列化，在接收方进行解析。
客户端代码如下：
import socket
import threading
import json
import os
from cmd import Cmd
class Client(Cmd):
"""
客户端
"""
prompt = '>>>'
intro = '[Welcome] 简易聊天室客户端(Cli版)\n' + '[Welcome] 输入help来获取帮助\n'
buffersize = 1024
def __init__(self, host):
"""
构造
"""
super().__init__()
self.__socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
# self.__id = None
self.__nickname = None
self.__host = host
self.thread_recv = None
self.threadisalive = False
# 是否在接收文件
self.recvfile = False
# 是否在发送文件
self.sendfile = False
self.filesize = None
self.sendfilesize = None
# 接收文件包计数
self.filecount = None
# 接收文件名
self.filename = None
# 发送文件名
self.sendfilename = None
# 发送者
self.filefrom = None
# 接收者
self.fileto = None
# 接收文件流
self.file_recv = None
# 发送文件流
self.file_send = None
# 接收文件地址
self.filefrom_addr = None
# 发送文件地址
self.fileto_addr = None
def __receive_message_thread(self):
"""
接受消息线程
"""
while self.threadisalive:
# noinspection PyBroadException
try:
buffer, addr = self.__socket.recvfrom(1024)
'''
文件流由发送端直接发送，不经过服务器，故当发送端发来的消息时，将收到的数据存入文件
'''
if (addr != self.__host) & (addr == self.filefrom_addr) & self.recvfile:
self.file_recv.write(buffer)
self.filecount += 1
if self.filecount * 1024 >= self.filesize:
self.file_recv.close()
print(self.filename, 'is received.')
self.recvfile = False
continue
js = json.loads(buffer.decode())
# 若接收的数据为消息信息，则显示
if js['type'] == 'message':
print(js['message'])
# 若接收的数据为文件发送请求，则存储文件信息，并显示
elif js['type'] == 'filequest':
if self.recvfile:
self.__socket.sendto(json.dumps({
'type': 'fileres',
'fileres': 'no',
'nickname': self.__nickname,
'who': js['nickname'],
'errormessage': 'is transfroming files.',
}).encode(), self.__host)
continue
filename = js['filename']
who = js['nickname']
filesize = js['filesize']
self.recvfile = True
self.filesize = filesize
self.filename = filename
self.filecount = 0
self.filefrom = who
self.filefrom_addr = (js['send_ip'], js['send_port'])
print('[system]:', who, ' send a file(',
filename, ') to you. receive? ')
# 接受的数据为请求回复，若同意接收则存储服务器发来的接收方的地址，并开启发送线程
elif js['type'] == 'fileres':
if js['fileres'] == 'yes':
print(js['recv_ip'], js['recv_port'])
self.fileto_addr = (js['recv_ip'], js['recv_port'])
thread = threading.Thread(
target=self.__send_file_thread)
thread.start()
else:
print(js['nickname'], js['errormessage'])
self.sendfile = False
except Exception as e:
print(e)
print('[Client] 无法从服务器获取数据')
def __send_broadcast_message_thread(self, message):
"""
发送广播消息线程
:param message: 消息内容
"""
self.__socket.sendto(json.dumps({
'type': 'broadcast',
'nickname': self.__nickname,
'message': message,
}).encode(), self.__host)
def __send_file_thread(self):
"""
发送文件线程
:param message: 消息内容
"""
filecount = 0
print('[system]', 'sending the file...')
while filecount * 1024 <= self.sendfilesize:
self.__socket.sendto(
self.file_send.read(1024), self.fileto_addr)
filecount += 1
self.file_send.close()
self.sendfile = False
print('[system]', 'the file is sended.')
def __send_whisper_message_thread(self, who, message):
"""
发送私发消息线程
:param message: 消息内容
"""
self.__socket.sendto(json.dumps({
'type': 'sendto',
'who': who,
'nickname': self.__nickname,
'message': message
}).encode(), self.__host)
def send_exit(self):
self.__socket.sendto(json.dumps({
'type': 'offline',
'nickname': self.__nickname,
}).encode(), self.__host)
def start(self):
"""
启动客户端
"""
self.cmdloop()
def do_login(self, args):
"""
登录聊天室
:param args: 参数
"""
nickname = args.split(' ')[0]
# 将昵称发送给服务器，获取用户id
self.__socket.sendto(json.dumps({
'type': 'login',
'nickname': nickname,
}).encode(), self.__host)
# 尝试接受数据
buffer = self.__socket.recvfrom(1300)[0].decode()
obj = json.loads(buffer)
if obj['login'] == 'success':
self.__nickname = nickname
print('[Client] 成功登录到聊天室')
self.threadisalive = True
# 开启子线程用于接受数据
self.thread_recv = threading.Thread(
target=self.__receive_message_thread)
self.thread_recv.setDaemon(True)
self.thread_recv.start()
else:
print('[Client] 无法登录到聊天室', obj['errormessage'])
def do_send(self, args):
"""
发送消息
:param args: 参数
"""
if self.__nickname is None:
print('请先登录！login nickname')
return
message = args
# 开启子线程用于发送数据
thread = threading.Thread(
target=self.__send_broadcast_message_thread, args=(message, ))
thread.setDaemon(True)
thread.start()
def do_sendto(self, args):
"""
发送私发消息
:param args: 参数
"""
if self.__nickname is None:
print('请先登录！login nickname')
return
who = args.split(' ')[0]
message = args.split(' ')[1]
# # 显示自己发送的消息
# print('[' + str(self.__nickname) + '(' + str(self.__id) + ')' + ']', message)
# 开启子线程用于发送数据
thread = threading.Thread(
target=self.__send_whisper_message_thread, args=(who, message))
thread.setDaemon(True)
thread.start()
def do_catusers(self, arg):
if self.__nickname is None:
print('请先登录！login nickname')
return
catmessage = json.dumps({'type': 'catusers'})
self.__socket.sendto(catmessage.encode(), self.__host)
def do_catip(self, args):
if self.__nickname is None:
print('请先登录！login nickname')
return
who = args
catipmessage = json.dumps({'type': 'catip', 'who': who})
self.__socket.sendto(catipmessage.encode(), self.__host)
def do_help(self, arg):
"""
帮助
:param arg: 参数
"""
command = arg.split(' ')[0]
if command == '':
print('[Help] login nickname - 登录到聊天室，nickname是你选择的昵称')
print('[Help] send message - 发送消息，message是你输入的消息')
print('[Help] sendto who message - 私发消息，who是用户名，message是你输入的消息')
print('[Help] catusers - 查看所有用户')
print('[Help] catip who - 查看用户IP，who为用户名')
print('[Help] sendfile who filedir - 向某用户发送文件，who为用户名，filedir为文件路径')
print('[Help] getfile filename who yes/no - 接收文件，filename 为文件名,who为发送者，yes/no为是否接收')
elif command == 'login':
print('[Help] login nickname - 登录到聊天室，nickname是你选择的昵称')
elif command == 'send':
print('[Help] send message - 发送消息，message是你输入的消息')
elif command == 'sendto':
print('[Help] sendto who message - 发送私发消息，message是你输入的消息')
else:
print('[Help] 没有查询到你想要了解的指令')
def do_exit(self, arg): # 以do_*开头为命令
print("Exit")
self.send_exit()
try:
self.threadisalive = False
self.thread_recv.join()
except Exception as e:
print(e)
# self.__socket.close()
def do_sendfile(self, args):
who = args.split(' ')[0]
filepath = args.split(' ')[1]
filename = filepath.split('\\')[-1]
# 判断是否在发送文件
if self.sendfile:
print('you are sending files, please try later.')
return
if not os.path.exists(filepath):
print('the file is not exist.')
return
filesize = os.path.getsize(filepath)
# print(who, filename, filesize)
self.sendfile = True
self.fileto = who
self.sendfilename = filename
self.sendfilesize = filesize
self.file_send = open(filepath, 'rb')
self.__socket.sendto(json.dumps({
'type': 'filequest',
'nickname': self.__nickname,
'filename': self.sendfilename,
'filesize': self.sendfilesize,
'who': self.fileto,
'send_ip': '',
'send_port': '',
}).encode(), self.__host)
print('request send...')
# fileres = self.__socket.recvfrom(1024)[0].decode()
# js = json.loads(fileres)
def do_getfile(self, args):
filename = args.split(' ')[0]
who = args.split(' ')[1]
ch = args.split(' ')[2]
# print(self.filename is not None, filename, self.filename, who, self.filefrom)
if (self.filename is not None) & (filename == self.filename) & (who == self.filefrom):
if ch == 'yes':
self.file_recv = open(self.filename, 'wb')
self.__socket.sendto(json.dumps({
'type': 'fileres',
'fileres': 'yes',
'nickname': self.__nickname,
'who': who,
'recv_ip': '',
'recv_port': '',
}).encode(), self.__host)
print('you agree to reveive the file(', filename, ') from', who)
else:
self.__socket.sendto(json.dumps({
'type': 'fileres',
'fileres': 'no',
'nickname': self.__nickname,
'errormessage': 'deny the file.',
'who': who,
'recv_ip': '',
'recv_port': '',
}).encode(), self.__host)
print('you deny to reveive the file(', filename, ') from', who)
self.recvfile = False
else:
print('the name or sender of the file is wrong.')
c = Client(('127.0.0.1', 12346))
c.start()
服务器端主要进行消息的分类转发处理，用户列表、地址列表的维护。
服务器端代码如下：
import socket
import json
obj = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
obj.bind(('127.0.0.1', 12346))
conn_list = []
user_list = []
while True:
try:
receive_data, client_address = obj.recvfrom(1024)
js = json.loads(receive_data.decode())
# 登录消息
if js['type'] == 'login':
nickname = str(js['nickname'])
if nickname in user_list:
obj.sendto(json.dumps({'login': 'fail',
'errormessage': 'the nickname is exists'}).encode(),
client_address)
else:
# 向其他用户发送通知
for i in range(len(conn_list)):
obj.sendto(json.dumps(
{
'type': 'message',
'message': '[system]' + nickname + '已登录.'
}).encode(), conn_list[i])
user_list.append(nickname)
conn_list.append(client_address)
print(nickname, client_address, '登录成功！')
obj.sendto(json.dumps({'login': 'success',
'nickname': nickname}).encode(), client_address)
# 群发消息
elif js['type'] == 'broadcast':
message = js['message']
nickname = js['nickname']
for i in range(len(conn_list)):
obj.sendto(json.dumps(
{
'type': 'message',
'message': nickname + ':' + message
}).encode(), conn_list[i])
# 私发消息
elif js['type'] == 'sendto':
who = js['who']
nickname = js['nickname']
message = js['message']
# 检查用户是否存在
if who not in user_list:
obj.sendto(json.dumps(
{
'type': 'message',
'message': who + ' not exist or not online.please try later.'
}).encode(),
client_address)
else:
obj.sendto(json.dumps(
{
'type': 'message',
'message': nickname + ' whisper to you: ' + message
}).encode(),
conn_list[user_list.index(who)])
# 查看用户列表
elif js['type'] == 'catusers':
users = json.dumps(user_list)
obj.sendto(json.dumps(
{
'type': 'message',
'message': users,
}).encode(),
client_address)
# 查看用户IP
elif js['type'] == 'catip':
who = js['who']
if who not in user_list:
obj.sendto(json.dumps(
{
'type': 'message',
'message': who + ' not exist or not online.please try later.'
}).encode(),
client_address)
else:
addr = json.dumps(conn_list[user_list.index(who)])
obj.sendto(json.dumps(
{
'type': 'message',
'message': addr,
}).encode(),
client_address)
# 离线消息
elif js['type'] == 'offline':
user_list.remove(js['nickname'])
conn_list.remove(client_address)
obj.sendto(
(js['nickname'] + 'offline.').encode(),
client_address)
# 向其他用户发送通知
for i in range(len(conn_list)):
obj.sendto(json.dumps(
{
'type': 'message',
'message': '[system]' + nickname + '下线了.'
}).encode(), conn_list[i])
# 发送文件请求
elif js['type'] == 'filequest':
who = js['who']
if who not in user_list:
obj.sendto(json.dumps(
{
'type': 'message',
'message': who + ' not exist or not online.please try later.'
}).encode(),
client_address)
else:
js['send_ip'] = client_address[0]
js['send_port'] = client_address[1]
obj.sendto(json.dumps(js).encode(),
conn_list[user_list.index(who)])
print(js['nickname'], 'request to send file to', who)
# 发送文件请求回复
elif js['type'] == 'fileres':
who = js['who']
if js['fileres'] == 'yes':
js['recv_ip'] = client_address[0]
js['recv_port'] = client_address[1]
print(js['nickname'], 'agree to receive file from', js['who'])
else:
print(js['nickname'], 'deny to receive file from', js['who'])
obj.sendto(json.dumps(js).encode(),
conn_list[user_list.index(who)])
except Exception as e:
print(e)
以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持脚本之家。