数据表及数据准备:
create table Member
(
MemberId int primary key identity(1,1),
MemberAccount nvarchar(20) unique,
MemberPwd nvarchar(20),
MemberName nvarchar(20),
MemberPhone nvarchar(20)
)
truncate table Member
insert into Member(MemberAccount,MemberPwd,MemberName,MemberPhone)
values('liubei','123456','刘备','4659874564')
insert into Member(MemberAccount,MemberPwd,MemberName,MemberPhone)
values('guanyu','123456','关羽','42354234124')
insert into Member(MemberAccount,MemberPwd,MemberName,MemberPhone)
values('zhangfei','123456','张飞','41253445')
insert into Member(MemberAccount,MemberPwd,MemberName,MemberPhone)
values('zhangyun','123456','赵云','75675676547')
insert into Member(MemberAccount,MemberPwd,MemberName,MemberPhone)
values('machao','123456','马超','532523523')
本文以下内容都借助于前面封装的DBHelper类
一、调用exec语句执行存储过程
由于在SQL SERVER内部调用存储过程使用的方式是:
exec 存储过程名 参数1,参数2,参数3...
所以我们可以在C#中调用exec的sql语句,让此sql语句去调用存储过程,严格来说,此种方式并不能称之为C#调用存储过程,本质上仍然是调用的sql语句。
示例:
需求:采用调用存储过程的方式实现数据的显示以及数据的新增。
主要代码:
SQL存储过程代码:
--查询Member表所有数据的存储(没有参数)
create proc procSelectMember
as
select * from Member
go
exec procSelectMember
--添加会员信息(有输入参数)
create proc procInsertMember
@acc nvarchar(20),
@pwd nvarchar(20),
@memName nvarchar(20),
@memPhone nvarchar(20)
as
insert into Member(MemberAccount,MemberPwd,MemberName,MemberPhone)
values(@acc,@pwd,@memName,@memPhone)
go
exec procInsertMember 'sunwukong','123456','孙悟空','13554856985'
数据显示C#代码:
private void BindData()
{
DBHelper.PrepareSql("exec procSelectMember");
this.dataGridView1.DataSource = DBHelper.ExecQuery();
}
private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
BindData();
}
数据新增C#代码:
private void btAdd_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
DBHelper.PrepareSql(string.Format("exec procInsertMember '{0}','{1}','{2}','{3}'"
,this.txtAccount.Text,this.txtPwd.Text,this.txtNickName.Text,this.txtPhone.Text));
DBHelper.ExecNonQuery();
}
二、直接调用存储过程
调用存储过程需要将CommandType执行命令类型设置为CommandType.StoredProcedure存储过程。
(1)调用没有参数的存储过程
需求:实现数据的显示。
主要代码:
SQL存储过程代码:
--查询Member表所有数据的存储(没有参数)
create proc procSelectMember
as
select * from Member
go
--调用
exec procSelectMember
为了支持存储过程,给DBHelper添加方法:
public static void PrepareProc(string sql)
{
OpenConn(); //打开数据库连接
adp = new SqlDataAdapter(sql, conn);
adp.SelectCommand.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
}
窗体代码:
private void BindData()
{
DBHelper.PrepareProc("procSelectMember");
this.dataGridView1.DataSource = DBHelper.ExecQuery();
}
private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
BindData();
}
(2)调用有输入参数的存储过程
需求:实现数据的新增。
主要代码:
SQL存储过程代码:
--添加会员信息(有输入参数)
create proc procInsertMember
@acc nvarchar(20),
@pwd nvarchar(20),
@memName nvarchar(20),
@memPhone nvarchar(20)
as
insert into Member(MemberAccount,MemberPwd,MemberName,MemberPhone)
values(@acc,@pwd,@memName,@memPhone)
go
--调用
exec procInsertMember 'sunwukong','123456','孙悟空','13554856985'
窗体代码:
private void btAdd_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
DBHelper.PrepareProc("procInsertMember");
DBHelper.SetParameter("acc", this.txtAccount.Text);
DBHelper.SetParameter("pwd",this.txtPwd.Text);
DBHelper.SetParameter("memName", this.txtNickName.Text);
DBHelper.SetParameter("memPhone", this.txtPhone.Text);
DBHelper.ExecNonQuery();
}
(3)调用有输入和输出参数的存储过程
需求:输入用户名,点击"查询电话"按钮,在下面显示姓名和号码。
主要代码:
SQL存储过程:
--根据账号查询姓名和电话(有输入参数,有输出参数)
create proc procGetInfoByAcc
@acc nvarchar(20),
@memName nvarchar(20) output,
@phone nvarchar(20) output
as
select @memName = (select MemberName from Member where MemberAccount=@acc)
select @phone = (select MemberPhone from Member where MemberAccount=@acc)
go
--调用
declare @name nvarchar(20)
declare @phone nvarchar(20)
exec procGetInfoByAcc 'machao',@name output,@phone output
select @name,@phone
为了支持输出参数,给DBHelper添加方法:
///
/// 设置输出参数(不指定长度,适合非字符串)
///
/// 参数名称
/// 参数类型
public static void SetOutParameter(string parameterName, SqlDbType dbType)
{
parameterName = "@" + parameterName.Trim();
SqlParameter parameter = new SqlParameter(parameterName, dbType);
parameter.Direction = ParameterDirection.Output;
adp.SelectCommand.Parameters.Add(parameter);
}
///
/// 设置输出参数(指定长度,适合字符串)
///
/// 参数名称
/// 参数类型
/// 参数长度
public static void SetOutParameter(string parameterName, SqlDbType dbType, int size)
{
parameterName = "@" + parameterName.Trim();
SqlParameter parameter = new SqlParameter(parameterName, dbType, size);
parameter.Direction = ParameterDirection.Output;
adp.SelectCommand.Parameters.Add(parameter);
}
///
/// 获取参数内容值
///
/// 参数名称
/// 参数值
public static object GetParameter(string parameterName)
{
parameterName = "@" + parameterName.Trim();
return adp.SelectCommand.Parameters[parameterName].Value;
}
窗体代码:
private void btSearch_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
DBHelper.PrepareProc("procGetInfoByAcc");
DBHelper.SetParameter("acc", this.txtAccount.Text);
DBHelper.SetOutParameter("memName", SqlDbType.NVarChar, 20);
DBHelper.SetOutParameter("phone", SqlDbType.NVarChar, 20);
DBHelper.ExecNonQuery();
this.lblName.Text = "姓名:" + DBHelper.GetParameter("memName").ToString();
this.lblPhone.Text = "电话:" + DBHelper.GetParameter("phone").ToString();
}
(4)调用有输入输出参数的存储过程
需求:密码升级,传入用户名和密码;如果用户名密码正确,并且密码长度<8,自动升级成8位密码。
主要代码:
SQL存储过程(SQLSERVER中output参数直接传入值即可以做输入参数,也可以做输出参数):
--密码升级,传入用户名和密码,如果用户名密码正确,并且密码长度<8,自动升级成8位密码
--有输入输出参数(密码作为输入参数也作为输出参数)
select FLOOR(RAND()*10) --0-9之间随机数
create proc procPwdUpgrade
@acc nvarchar(20),
@pwd nvarchar(20) output
as
if not exists(select * from Member where MemberAccount=@acc and MemberPwd=@pwd)
set @pwd = ''
else
begin
if len(@pwd) < 8
begin
declare @len int = 8- len(@pwd)
declare @i int = 1
while @i <= @len
begin
set @pwd = @pwd + cast(FLOOR(RAND()*10) as varchar(1))
set @i = @i+1
end
update Member set MemberPwd = @pwd where MemberAccount=@acc
end
end
go
--调用
declare @pwd nvarchar(20) = '123456'
exec procPwdUpgrade 'liubei',@pwd output
select @pwd
为了支持输入输出参数,给DBHelper添加方法:
///
/// 设置输入输出参数(不指定长度,适合非字符串)
///
/// 参数名称
/// 参数类型
public static void SetInOutParameter(string parameterName, SqlDbType dbType, object parameterValue)
{
parameterName = "@" + parameterName.Trim();
SqlParameter parameter = new SqlParameter(parameterName, dbType);
parameter.Value = parameterValue;
parameter.Direction = ParameterDirection.InputOutput;
adp.SelectCommand.Parameters.Add(parameter);
}
///
/// 设置输入输出参数(指定长度,适合字符串)
///
/// 参数名称
/// 参数类型
/// 参数长度
public static void SetInOutParameter(string parameterName, SqlDbType dbType, int size, object parameterValue)
{
parameterName = "@" + parameterName.Trim();
SqlParameter parameter = new SqlParameter(parameterName, dbType, size);
parameter.Value = parameterValue;
parameter.Direction = ParameterDirection.InputOutput;
adp.SelectCommand.Parameters.Add(parameter);
}
窗体代码:
//密码升级,传入用户名和密码,
//如果用户名密码正确,并且密码长度<8,自动升级成8位密码
private void btUpgrade_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
DBHelper.PrepareProc("procPwdUpgrade");
DBHelper.SetParameter("acc", this.txtAccount.Text);
DBHelper.SetInOutParameter("pwd", SqlDbType.NVarChar, 20, this.txtPwd.Text);
DBHelper.ExecNonQuery();
this.lblNewPwd.Text = DBHelper.GetParameter("pwd").ToString();
}
(5)调用有返回值的存储过程
SQLSERVER存储过程返回值只能是整数。
需求:实现数据的新增,由SQLSERVER返回执行的状态。
主要代码:
SQL存储过程代码:
--添加会员信息(有返回值)
create proc procInsertMember
@acc nvarchar(20),
@pwd nvarchar(20),
@memName nvarchar(20),
@memPhone nvarchar(20)
as
insert into Member(MemberAccount,MemberPwd,MemberName,MemberPhone)
values(@acc,@pwd,@memName,@memPhone)
declare @myErr int = @@error
if @myErr = 0
return 1
else if @myErr = 2627 --唯一约束
return -1
else
return -100
go
--调用
declare @return int
exec @return = procInsertMember 'sunwukong','123456','孙悟空','13554854785'
print @return
为了支持返回值,给DBHelper添加方法:
///
/// 设置返回值参数
///
/// 参数名称
public static void SetReturnParameter(string parameterName)
{
parameterName = "@" + parameterName.Trim();
SqlParameter parameter = new SqlParameter();
parameter.ParameterName = parameterName;
parameter.Direction = ParameterDirection.ReturnValue;
adp.SelectCommand.Parameters.Add(parameter);
}
窗体代码:
private void btAdd_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
try
{
DBHelper.PrepareProc("procInsertMember");
DBHelper.SetParameter("acc", this.txtAccount.Text);
DBHelper.SetParameter("pwd", this.txtPwd.Text);
DBHelper.SetParameter("memName", this.txtNickName.Text);
DBHelper.SetParameter("memPhone", this.txtPhone.Text);
DBHelper.SetReturnParameter("returnValue");
DBHelper.ExecNonQuery();
int result = (int)DBHelper.GetParameter("returnValue");
if (result == 1)
MessageBox.Show("添加成功!");
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
int result = (int)DBHelper.GetParameter("returnValue");
if (result == -1)
MessageBox.Show("用户名重名了,违反了唯一约束!");
if (result == -100)
MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);
}
}