oracle12c客户端安装配置,Oracle 12.2简易客户端安装配置

1、下载安装包，我这里把所有的都下载下来了

instantclient-basic-linux.x64-12.2.0.1.0.zip

instantclient-basiclite-linux.x64-12.2.0.1.0.zip

instantclient-jdbc-linux.x64-12.2.0.1.0.zip

instantclient-odbc-linux.x64-12.2.0.1.0-2.zip

instantclient-sdk-linux.x64-12.2.0.1.0.zip

instantclient-sqlplus-linux.x64-12.2.0.1.0.zip

instantclient-tools-linux.x64-12.2.0.1.0.zip

2、unzip解压

解压出来一个目录instantclient_12_2

3、配置环境变量

export ORACLE_HOME=/home/tst1/instantclient_12_2

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:$ORACLE_HOME

export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME:$PATH

4、配置tns

[tst1@rhel7 instantclient_12_2]$ mkdir -p network/admin

[tst1@rhel7 instantclient_12_2]$ cd network/admin/

[tst1@rhel7 admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora

ora11g =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.56.22)(PORT = 1521))

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVER = DEDICATED)

(SERVICE_NAME = ora11g)

)

)

5、测试sqlplus，成功

[tst1@rhel7 admin]$ sqlplus zx/zx@ora11g

SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on Thu Nov 16 12:48:33 2017

Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to:

Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL>

6、安装sqlldr，我安装的这个版本的简易客户端中有sqlldr，如果没有的话需要从其他客户端或服务端中拷贝，但是我测试执行sqlldr报错：

[tst1@rhel7 instantclient_12_2]$ sqlldr

Message 2100 not found; No message file for product=RDBMS, facility=ULMessage 2100 not found; No message file for product=RDBMS, facility=UL[tst1@rhel7 instantclient_12_2]$

因为缺少mesg文件，从服务端把rdbms/mesg下的文件全部拷贝

12 [tst1@rhel7 instantclient_12_2]$ mkdir -p rdbms/mesg

[tst1@rhel7 instantclient_12_2]$ cp /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2/db_home1/rdbms/mesg/* rdbms/mesg/

再次执行sqlldr成功

7、安装oerr，简易客户端中没有oerr命令，需要从服务端拷贝

[tst1@rhel7 instantclient_12_2]$ cp /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2/db_home1/bin/oerr ./

[tst1@rhel7 instantclient_12_2]$ oerr

/home/tst1/instantclient_12_2/oerr: line 29: /home/tst1/instantclient_12_2/perl/bin/perl: No such file or directory

执行报错，说明缺少文件，从服务端拷贝

[tst1@rhel7 instantclient_12_2]$ cp -r /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2/db_home1/perl/* ./

[tst1@rhel7 instantclient_12_2]$ cp -r /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2/db_home1/perl/* ./perl/

[tst1@rhel7 instantclient_12_2]$ oerr ora 1

Can't open perl script "/home/tst1/instantclient_12_2/bin/oerr.pl": (null)

[tst1@rhel7 instantclient_12_2]$ mkdir bin

[tst1@rhel7 instantclient_12_2]$ scp /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2/db_home1/bin/oerr.pl ./bin/

[tst1@rhel7 instantclient_12_2]$ oerr ora 1

Could not open facilities list file: /home/tst1/instantclient_12_2/lib/facility.lis

2

[tst1@rhel7 instantclient_12_2]$ mkdir lib

[tst1@rhel7 instantclient_12_2]$ cp /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2/db_home1/lib/facility.lis ./lib/

[tst1@rhel7 instantclient_12_2]$ oerr ora 1

00001, 00000, "unique constraint (%s.%s) violated"

// *Cause: An UPDATE or INSERT statement attempted to insert a duplicate key.

//        For Trusted Oracle configured in DBMS MAC mode, you may see

//        this message if a duplicate entry exists at a different level.

// *Action: Either remove the unique restriction or do not insert the key.

注意：oerr也使用到了rdbms/mesg目录下的文件，只不过第6步把整个目录都拷贝过来了，这里就省事了。

8、安装tnsping，简易安装包里也没有这个工具，需要从服务端拷贝

[tst1@rhel7 instantclient_12_2]$ cp /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2/db_home1/bin/tnsping ./

[tst1@rhel7 instantclient_12_2]$ tnsping

TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on 16-NOV-2017 13:09:12

Copyright (c) 1997, 2016, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

TNS-03502: Message 3502 not found; No message file for product=network, facility=TNS

执行报错，因为缺少mesg文件

123456789101112 [tst1@rhel7 instantclient_12_2]$ cp -r /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2/db_home1/network/mesg/ ./network/

[tst1@rhel7 instantclient_12_2]$ tnsping 192.168.56.22:1521/ora11g

TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on 16-NOV-2017 13:11:04

Copyright (c) 1997, 2016, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Used parameter files:

Used HOSTNAME adapter to resolve the alias

Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION=(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=ora11g))(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.56.22)(PORT=1521)))

OK (10 msec)

安装成功。

9、安装exp、imp、expdp、impdp，安装包中没有，直接从服务端拷贝

[tst1@rhel7 instantclient_12_2]$ cp /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2/db_home1/bin/imp ./

[tst1@rhel7 instantclient_12_2]$ cp /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2/db_home1/bin/exp ./

[tst1@rhel7 instantclient_12_2]$ cp /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2/db_home1/bin/impdp ./

[tst1@rhel7 instantclient_12_2]$ cp /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2/db_home1/bin/expdp ./

imp和exp测试没有问题，但expdp和impdp报错：

[tst1@rhel7 instantclient_12_2]$ expdp

Segmentation fault

[tst1@rhel7 instantclient_12_2]$ impdp

Segmentation fault

查询MOS找到解决方法，在环境变量中添加export NLS_LANG=American_America.ZHS16GBK

问题解决。

至此，简单客户端安装完成，可以把整个目录打个包，给其他机器安装时直接解压，配置环境变量就可以使用了。比安装客户端方便的多。

备注：

如果在使用某个工具报缺少库文件时可以使用ldd命令查看该命令缺少哪个库文件，如下所示：

[root@host77 instantclient_11_2]# ldd sqlldr

linux-vdso.so.1 =>  (0x00007fffe63fe000)

libclntsh.so.11.1 => not found

libnnz11.so => not found

libpthread.so.0 => /lib64/libpthread.so.0 (0x00007f014b85c000)

libdl.so.2 => /lib64/libdl.so.2 (0x00007f014b658000)

libm.so.6 => /lib64/libm.so.6 (0x00007f014b355000)

libnsl.so.1 => /lib64/libnsl.so.1 (0x00007f014b13c000)

libc.so.6 => /lib64/libc.so.6 (0x00007f014ad7b000)

/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007f014ba8b000)

从上面的输出可以看出缺少libclntsh.so.11.1和libnnz11.so这两个文件，从服务端拷贝即可。