资料来源:B站,尚硅谷Java设计模式;
public class SingleResponsibility2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
RoadVehicle roadVehicle = new RoadVehicle();
roadVehicle.run("摩托车");
roadVehicle.run("汽车");
AirVehicle airVehicle = new AirVehicle();
airVehicle.run("飞机");
}
}
//方案分析
//1. 遵守单一职责原则
//2. 但是这样做的改动很大,即将类分解,同时修改客户端
//3. 改进:直接修改Vehicle 类,改动的代码会比较少 => 方法级别保持单一
class RoadVehicle {
public void run(String vehicle) {
System.out.println(vehicle + "公路运行");
}
}
class AirVehicle {
public void run(String vehicle) {
System.out.println(vehicle + "天空运行");
}
}
class WaterVehicle {
public void run(String vehicle) {
System.out.println(vehicle + "水中运行");
}
}
图解:
Vehicle类
,让飞机在“公路运行”违反单一原则;Vehicle类
拆分成三个类,各司其职;public class Segregation1 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
A a = new A();
a.depend1(new B()); // A类通过接口去依赖B类
a.depend2(new B());
a.depend3(new B());
C c = new C();
c.depend1(new D()); // C类通过接口去依赖(使用)D类
c.depend4(new D());
c.depend5(new D());
}
}
// 接口1
interface Interface1 {
void operation1();
}
// 接口2
interface Interface2 {
void operation2();
void operation3();
}
// 接口3
interface Interface3 {
void operation4();
void operation5();
}
class B implements Interface1, Interface2 {
public void operation1() {
System.out.println("B 实现了 operation1");
}
public void operation2() {
System.out.println("B 实现了 operation2");
}
public void operation3() {
System.out.println("B 实现了 operation3");
}
}
class D implements Interface1, Interface3 {
public void operation1() {
System.out.println("D 实现了 operation1");
}
public void operation4() {
System.out.println("D 实现了 operation4");
}
public void operation5() {
System.out.println("D 实现了 operation5");
}
}
// A 类通过接口Interface1,Interface2 依赖(使用) B类,但是只会用到1,2,3方法
class A {
public void depend1(Interface1 i) {
i.operation1();
}
public void depend2(Interface2 i) {
i.operation2();
}
public void depend3(Interface2 i) {
i.operation3();
}
}
// C 类通过接口Interface1,Interface3 依赖(使用) D类,但是只会用到1,4,5方法
class C {
public void depend1(Interface1 i) {
i.operation1();
}
public void depend4(Interface3 i) {
i.operation4();
}
public void depend5(Interface3 i) {
i.operation5();
}
}
图解:
dependX()方法
时设置参数为接口类型,调用时传递接口的实现类作为参数;示例解析:将ITV接口的play()方法传递给IOpenAndClose接口的实现类OpenAndClose;
//方式1: 通过接口传递实现依赖
//开关的接口
interface IOpenAndClose {
public void open(ITV tv); //抽象方法,接收接口
}
//ITV接口
interface ITV {
public void play();
}
//实现接口[使用方]
class OpenAndClose implements IOpenAndClose {
@Override
public void open(ITV tv) {
tv.play();
}
}
//方式2: 通过构造方法依赖传递
interface IOpenAndClose {
public void open(); //抽象方法
}
//ITV接口
interface ITV {
public void play();
}
class OpenAndClose implements IOpenAndClose {
public ITV tv; //成员
public OpenAndClose(ITV tv) { //构造器
this.tv = tv;
}
public void open() {
this.tv.play();
}
}
// 方式3: 通过setter方法传递
interface IOpenAndClose {
public void open(); // 抽象方法
public void setTv(ITV tv);
}
// ITV接口
interface ITV {
public void play();
}
class OpenAndClose implements IOpenAndClose {
private ITV tv;
public void setTv(ITV tv) {
this.tv = tv;
}
public void open() {
this.tv.play();
}
}
public class DependencyPass {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ChangHong changHong = new ChangHong();
//通过接口进行依赖传递
OpenAndClose openAndClose1 = new OpenAndClose();
openAndClose1.open(changHong); //传递接口
//通过构造器进行依赖传递
OpenAndClose openAndClose2 = new OpenAndClose(changHong); //传递接口
openAndClose2.open();
//通过setter方法进行依赖传递
OpenAndClose openAndClose3 = new OpenAndClose();
openAndClose3.setTv(changHong); //传递接口
openAndClose3.open();
}
}
class ChangHong implements ITV {
@Override
public void play() {
System.out.println("长虹电视机,打开");
}
}
public class Liskov {
public static void main(String[] args) {
A a = new A();
System.out.println("11-3=" + a.func1(11, 3));
System.out.println("-----------------------");
B b = new B();
System.out.println("11+3=" + b.func1(11, 3));//这里本意是求出11+3
System.out.println("11+3+9=" + b.func2(11, 3));
//使用组合仍然可以使用到A类相关方法
System.out.println("11-3=" + b.func3(11, 3));// 这里本意是求出11-3
}
}
//基类,可以把更加基础的方法和成员写到Base类
class Base {
}
//A类
class A extends Base {
//返回两个数的差
public int func1(int num1, int num2) {
return num1 - num2;
}
}
//B类
class B extends Base {
//如果B需要使用A类的方法,使用组合关系
private A a = new A();
//这里重写了A类的方法, 可能是无意识
public int func1(int a, int b) {
return a + b;
}
public int func2(int a, int b) {
return func1(a, b) + 9;
}
//我们仍然想使用A的方法
public int func3(int a, int b) {
return this.a.func1(a, b);
}
}
图解:
func1()
方法,在调用func1()
时容易引起歧义;public class Ocp {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//模拟客户端逻辑
GraphicEditor graphicEditor = new GraphicEditor();
graphicEditor.drawShape(new Rectangle());
graphicEditor.drawShape(new Circle());
}
}
//用于绘图的类 [使用方]
class GraphicEditor {
//接收Shape对象,调用draw方法
public void drawShape(Shape s) {
s.draw();
}
}
//Shape类,基类
abstract class Shape {
int m_type;
public abstract void draw();//抽象方法
}
//矩形
class Rectangle extends Shape {
Rectangle() {
super.m_type = 1;
}
@Override
public void draw() {
System.out.println(" 绘制矩形 ");
}
}
//新增圆形
class Circle extends Shape {
Circle() {
super.m_type = 2;
}
@Override
public void draw() {
System.out.println(" 绘制圆形 ");
}
}
图解:
if-else
方式判断m_type
的属性,调用drawXxx()方法
。这样在新增图形时要修改if-else
判断和新增drawXxx()方法
;drawXxx()方法
下放到图形,在新增图形时,使用方GraphicEditor类不用做任何修改;drawShape()方法
使用超类Shape作为参数。而这两种方式在进行扩展时都不需要对使用方进行更改;要求:调用schoolManager类里的printAllEmployee()方法能把学院和学校总部的员工信息都输出;
public class Demeter1 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SchoolManager schoolManager = new SchoolManager();
//输出学院的员工id和学校总部的员工信息
schoolManager.printAllEmployee(new CollegeManager());
}
}
//学校总部员工类
class Employee {
private String id;
public void setId(String id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getId() {
return id;
}
}
//学院的员工类
class CollegeEmployee {
private String id;
public void setId(String id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getId() {
return id;
}
}
//学院员工的管理类
class CollegeManager {
//返回学院的所有员工
public List<CollegeEmployee> getAllEmployee() {
List<CollegeEmployee> list = new ArrayList<CollegeEmployee>();
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { //这里我们增加了10个员工到 list
CollegeEmployee emp = new CollegeEmployee();
emp.setId("学院员工id= " + i);
list.add(emp);
}
return list;
}
//输出学院员工的信息
public void printEmployee() {
List<CollegeEmployee> list1 = getAllEmployee();
System.out.println("------------学院员工------------");
for (CollegeEmployee e : list1) {
System.out.println(e.getId());
}
}
}
//学校员工的管理类
class SchoolManager {
//返回学校总部的员工
public List<Employee> getAllEmployee() {
List<Employee> list = new ArrayList<Employee>();
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { //这里我们增加了5个员工到 list
Employee emp = new Employee();
emp.setId("学校总部员工id= " + i);
list.add(emp);
}
return list;
}
//该方法完成输出学校总部和学院员工信息(id)
void printAllEmployee(CollegeManager sub) {
//将输出学院的员工方法,封装到CollegeManager,即可直接调用printEmployee()方法
sub.printEmployee();
//获取到学校总部员工
List<Employee> list2 = this.getAllEmployee();
System.out.println("------------学校总部员工------------");
for (Employee e : list2) {
System.out.println(e.getId());
}
}
}
图解:
sub.printEmployee()
的实现逻辑在SchoolManager管理类里;