same version number as your
working kernel, make a backup of your modules directory before you
do a "make modules_install".
保存内核备份,方便处理某些东西出错的情况。这对开发版特别有用,由于新的发布版包含
那些没有被调试过的新代码。也要确认你保存那个内核所对应的模块的备份。如果你正在安装
一个新的内核,版本号和你正在工作的内核一样,在你执行"make modules_install"之前,
备份你模块所在目录。
Alternatively, before compiling, use the kernel config option
"LOCALVERSION" to append a unique suffix to the regular kernel version.
LOCALVERSION can be set in the "General Setup" menu.
另外一个办法,在编译之前,使用内核配置选项"LOCALVERSION"添加一个唯一的后缀
到常规的内核版本。LOCALVERSION能够被添加到"General Setup"菜单中。
- In order to boot your new kernel, you''ll need to copy the kernel
image (e.g. .../linux/arch/i386/boot/bzImage after compilation)
to the place where your regular bootable kernel is found.
为了启动新的内核,你需要拷贝内核映象(编译之后,通常是../linux/arch/i386/boot/bzImage )
到通常可启动内核所在的地方。
- Booting a kernel directly from a floppy without the assistance of a
bootloader such as LILO, is no longer supported.
不用启动加载器,如LILO的帮助,直接从软盘启动内核的方式,不在被支持。
If you boot Linux from the hard drive, chances are you use LILO which
uses the kernel image as specified in the file /etc/lilo.conf. The
kernel image file is usually /vmlinuz, /boot/vmlinuz, /bzImage or
/boot/bzImage. To use the new kernel, save a copy of the old image
and copy the new image over the old one. Then, you MUST RERUN LILO
to update the loading map!! If you don''t, you won''t be able to boot
the new kernel image.
如果你从硬盘引导linux,条件是你使用了LILO,她使用/etc/lilo.conf中指定的内核映象。
这个内核映象文件通常是/vmlinuz ,/boot/vmlinuz , /bzImage 或者/boot/bzImage。为了
使用新内核,保存旧映象的一个备份,拷贝新的映象覆盖到旧版本。然后,你必须返回LILO
更新正在加载的映象!!如果你不这么做,你将无法启动新的内核映象。
Reinstalling LILO is usually a matter of running /sbin/lilo.
You may wish to edit /etc/lilo.conf to specify an entry for your
old kernel image (say, /vmlinux.old) in case the new one does not
work. See the LILO docs for more information.
重新安装LILO通常是运行/sbin/lilo的事情了。你可能希望编辑 /etc/lilo.conf指定你旧的内核映象
的入口(比如说,/vmlinux.old),如果新内核无法工作的话。查看LILO文档获取更多的信息。
After reinstalling LILO, you should be all set. Shutdown the system,
reboot, and enjoy!
在重新安装LILO之后,所有的一切都被设置了。关闭系统,重新启动,然后享受你的工作。
If you ever need to change the default root device, video mode,
ramdisk size, etc. in the kernel image, use the ''rdev'' program (or
alternatively the LILO boot options when appropriate). No need to
recompile the kernel to change these parameters.
如果你曾经需要改变默认的跟设备,视频模式,内存磁盘大小,以及诸如此类。在内核映象中,使用''rdev''
程序(或者合适的LILO候选启动选项)。不需要重新编译内核来改变这些参数。
- Reboot with the new kernel and enjoy.
重新启动新内核,享受他们。
IF SOMETHING GOES WRONG:
- If you have problems that seem to be due to kernel bugs, please check
the file MAINTAINERS to see if there is a particular person associated
with the part of the kernel that you are having trouble with. If there
isn''t anyone listed there, then the second best thing is to mail
them to me ([email protected]), and possibly to any other
relevant mailing-list or to the newsgroup.
如果你发现问题是由于内核BUGS的缘故,请检查文件MAINTAINERS,看下时候有人
和你有问题的内核部分有关。如果没有任何人列在那里,那么第二个最好的选择就是
将他们发邮件给我([email protected]),以及给邮件列表中可能相关的
任何其他人,或者给新闻组。
- In all bug-reports, *please* tell what kernel you are talking about,
how to duplicate the problem, and what your setup is (use your common
sense). If the problem is new, tell me so, and if the problem is
old, please try to tell me when you first noticed it.
在所有的BUG报告中,请说明你正讨论的是那个内核,如何重现这个问题,以及你
安装的东西(使用普通的语气)。如果这个问题是新的,就告诉我这些,如果这个
问题是旧的,请试着告诉我,你什么时候开始注意到它。
- If the bug results in a message like
如果这个BUG提示象下面的信息:
unable to handle kernel paging request at address C0000010
Oops: 0002
EIP: 0010:XXXXXXXX
eax: xxxxxxxx ebx: xxxxxxxx ecx: xxxxxxxx edx: xxxxxxxx
esi: xxxxxxxx edi: xxxxxxxx ebp: xxxxxxxx
ds: xxxx es: xxxx fs: xxxx gs: xxxx
Pid: xx, process nr: xx
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
or similar kernel debugging information on your screen or in your
system log, please duplicate it *exactly*. The dump may look
incomprehensible to you, but it does contain information that may
help debugging the problem. The text above the dump is also
important: it tells something about why the kernel dumped code (in
the above example it''s due to a bad kernel pointer). More information
on making sense of the dump is in Documentation/oops-tracing.txt
或者相似的内核调试信息在你的屏幕上,或者你的系统日志中,请完整复制它。
这个转储信息可能看起来对你毫无意义,但是它包含可能有助于调试这个问题的信息。
上面转储的文本也是重要的:它提示一些关于为什么内核要转储代码的信息(在上面的
例子中,它是由错误的内核指针引起的)。oops-tracing.txt中更多的信息将使这个
转储信息变得更加有意义。
- If you compiled the kernel with CONFIG_KALLSYMS you can send the dump
as is, otherwise you will have to use the "ksymoops" program to make
sense of the dump (but compiling with CONFIG_KALLSYMS is usually preferred).
This utility can be downloaded from
ftp://ftp.<country>.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/ksymoops/ .
Alternately you can do the dump lookup by hand:
如果你使用CONFIG_KALLSYMS编译了这个内核,你能原样发送转储信息,否则,你不得不
使用"ksymoops"程序使转储信息变得有意义(但使用CONFIG_KALLSYMS编译选项通常是被建议得)。
这个工具能够从ftp://ftp.<country>.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/ksymoops/下载。
另外,你也可以手工进行转储信息查找。
- In debugging dumps like the above, it helps enormously if you can
look up what the EIP value means. The hex value as such doesn''t help
me or anybody else very much: it will depend on your particular
kernel setup. What you should do is take the hex value from the EIP
line (ignore the "0010:"), and look it up in the kernel namelist to
see which kernel function contains the offending address.
象上面那样调试信息转储,如果你能查找出EIP值的含义,将是巨大的帮助。象这样的16进制值
对我或任何其他人是不会有太大的帮助。它可能依赖于你独特的内核安装。你应该做的是从
EIP行(忽略"0
文章出处:DIY部落(http://www.diybl.com/course/6_system/linux/Linuxjs/20071215/92305_4.html)