pytorch——VGG网络搭建
目录
VGG介绍
那VGG它到底厉害在哪里呢？
那什么是感受野呢？
计算公式
问题一：
问题二：
网络图
pytorch搭建VGG网络
1. model.py
神奇处理之处
2. train.py
3. predict.py
注意
VGG介绍
VGG 在2014年由牛津大学著名研究组 VGG（Visual Geometry Group）提出，
（论文地址：https://arxiv.org/abs/1409.1556）
获得该年 ImageNet 竞赛中 Localization Task（定位任务）第一名和 Classification Task（分类任务）第二名。（可以说是非常的厉害）
那VGG它到底厉害在哪里呢？
通过堆叠多个小卷积核来替代大尺度卷积核，可以减少训练参数，同时能保证相同的感受野
那什么是感受野呢？
决定某一层输出结果中一个元素所对应的输入层的区域大小，被称作感受野（receptive field）
（简单来说就是输出feature map上的一个单元 对应 输入层（上层）上的区域大小）
例如上图：maxpool1 感受野为2 （意思是上一层1格 对应 下一层2格）
conv1 感受野为5
计算公式
我们的感受野的计算公式为：
F ( i + 1) 为第 i +1 层感受野
Stride 为第 i 层的步距
Ksize 为 卷积核 或 池化核 尺寸
问题一：
堆叠两个3×3的卷积核替代5x5的卷积核，堆叠三个3×3的卷积核替代7x7的卷积核。
(VGG网络中卷积的Stride默认为1)
替代前后感受野是否相同呢？
根据公式
（第一层）Feature map: F(1) = 1
（第二层）Conv3x3(3)：
（第三层）Conv3x3(2):
（5×5卷积核感受野）
（第四层）Conv3x3(1):
（7×7卷积核感受野）
2个3×3的卷积核和一个5x5的卷积核感受野相同
证明可以通过堆叠两个3×3的卷积核替代5x5的卷积核，堆叠三个3×3的卷积核替代7x7的卷积核
问题二：
堆叠3×3卷积核后训练参数是否真的减少了？
注：CNN参数个数 = 卷积核尺寸×卷积核深度 × 卷积核组数 = 卷积核尺寸 × 输入特征矩阵深度 × 输出特征矩阵深度
现假设 输入特征矩阵深度 = 输出特征矩阵深度 = C
使用7×7卷积核所需参数个数：
堆叠三个3×3的卷积核所需参数个数：
很明显27小于49
网络图
VGG网络有多个版本，
我们一般采用VGG16 （16的意思是16层=12层卷积层+4层全连接层）
其网络结构如下如所示：
看图和计算我们可以知道，经3×3卷积的特征矩阵的尺寸是不改变的：
out =(in −F+2P)/S+1=(in −3+2)/1+1= in
out = in 大小一样
pytorch搭建VGG网络
VGG网络分为 卷积层提取特征 和 全连接层进行分类 这两个模块
1. model.py
import torch.nn as nn
import torch
class VGG(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, features, num_classes=1000, init_weights=False):
super(VGG, self).__init__()
self.features = features # 卷积层提取特征
self.classifier = nn.Sequential( # 全连接层进行分类
nn.Dropout(p=0.5),
nn.Linear(512*7*7, 2048),
nn.ReLU(True),
nn.Dropout(p=0.5),
nn.Linear(2048, 2048),
nn.ReLU(True),
nn.Linear(2048, num_classes)
)
if init_weights:
self._initialize_weights() #初始化权重
def forward(self, x):
# N x 3 x 224 x 224
x = self.features(x)
# N x 512 x 7 x 7
x = torch.flatten(x, start_dim=1)
# N x 512*7*7
x = self.classifier(x)
return x
def _initialize_weights(self):
for m in self.modules():
if isinstance(m, nn.Conv2d):
# nn.init.kaiming_normal_(m.weight, mode='fan_out', nonlinearity='relu')
nn.init.xavier_uniform_(m.weight)
if m.bias is not None:
nn.init.constant_(m.bias, 0)
elif isinstance(m, nn.Linear):
nn.init.xavier_uniform_(m.weight)
# nn.init.normal_(m.weight, 0, 0.01)
nn.init.constant_(m.bias, 0)
神奇处理之处
# vgg网络模型配置列表，数字表示卷积核个数，'M'表示最大池化层
cfgs = {
'vgg11': [64, 'M', 128, 'M', 256, 256, 'M', 512, 512, 'M', 512, 512, 'M'], # 模型A
'vgg13': [64, 64, 'M', 128, 128, 'M', 256, 256, 'M', 512, 512, 'M', 512, 512, 'M'], # 模型B
'vgg16': [64, 64, 'M', 128, 128, 'M', 256, 256, 256, 'M', 512, 512, 512, 'M', 512, 512, 512, 'M'], # 模型D
'vgg19': [64, 64, 'M', 128, 128, 'M', 256, 256, 256, 256, 'M', 512, 512, 512, 512, 'M', 512, 512, 512, 512, 'M'], # 模型E
}
# 卷积层提取特征
def make_features(cfg: list): # 传入的是具体某个模型的参数列表
layers = []
in_channels = 3 # 输入的原始图像(rgb三通道)
for v in cfg:
# 如果是最大池化层，就进行池化
if v == "M":
layers += [nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2)]
# 不然就是卷积层
else:
conv2d = nn.Conv2d(in_channels, v, kernel_size=3, padding=1)
layers += [conv2d, nn.ReLU(True)]
in_channels = v
return nn.Sequential(*layers) # 单星号(*)将参数以元组(tuple)的形式导入
def vgg(model_name="vgg16", **kwargs): # 双星号(**)将参数以字典的形式导入
try:
cfg = cfgs[model_name]
except:
print("Warning: model number {} not in cfgs dict!".format(model_name))
exit(-1)
model = VGG(make_features(cfg), **kwargs) #**kwargs是你传入的字典数据
return model
2. train.py
和pytorch——AlexNet——训练花分类数据集_heart_6662的博客-CSDN博客的一样（数据还是花的数据）
import os
import json
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
from torchvision import transforms, datasets
import torch.optim as optim
from tqdm import tqdm
from model import vgg
def main():
device = torch.device("cuda:0" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")
print("using {} device.".format(device))
data_transform = {
"train": transforms.Compose([transforms.RandomResizedCrop(224),
transforms.RandomHorizontalFlip(),
transforms.ToTensor(),
transforms.Normalize((0.5, 0.5, 0.5), (0.5, 0.5, 0.5))]),
"val": transforms.Compose([transforms.Resize((224, 224)),
transforms.ToTensor(),
transforms.Normalize((0.5, 0.5, 0.5), (0.5, 0.5, 0.5))])}
data_root = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(os.getcwd(), "../..")) # get data root path
image_path = os.path.join(data_root, "data_set", "flower_data") # flower data set path
assert os.path.exists(image_path), "{} path does not exist.".format(image_path)
train_dataset = datasets.ImageFolder(root=os.path.join(image_path, "train"),
transform=data_transform["train"])
train_num = len(train_dataset)
# {'daisy':0, 'dandelion':1, 'roses':2, 'sunflower':3, 'tulips':4}
flower_list = train_dataset.class_to_idx
cla_dict = dict((val, key) for key, val in flower_list.items())
# write dict into json file
json_str = json.dumps(cla_dict, indent=4)
with open('class_indices.json', 'w') as json_file:
json_file.write(json_str)
batch_size =32
nw = min([os.cpu_count(), batch_size if batch_size > 1 else 0, 8]) # number of workers
print('Using {} dataloader workers every process'.format(nw))
train_loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(train_dataset,
batch_size=batch_size, shuffle=True,
num_workers=0)
validate_dataset = datasets.ImageFolder(root=os.path.join(image_path, "val"),
transform=data_transform["val"])
val_num = len(validate_dataset)
validate_loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(validate_dataset,
batch_size=batch_size, shuffle=False,
num_workers=0)
print("using {} images for training, {} images for validation.".format(train_num,
val_num))
# test_data_iter = iter(validate_loader)
# test_image, test_label = test_data_iter.next()
model_name = "vgg16"
net = vgg(model_name=model_name, num_classes=5, init_weights=True)
net.to(device)
loss_function = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
optimizer = optim.Adam(net.parameters(), lr=0.0001)
epochs = 30
best_acc = 0.0
save_path = './{}Net.pth'.format(model_name)
train_steps = len(train_loader)
for epoch in range(epochs):
# train
net.train()
running_loss = 0.0
train_bar = tqdm(train_loader)
for step, data in enumerate(train_bar):
images, labels = data
optimizer.zero_grad()
outputs = net(images.to(device))
loss = loss_function(outputs, labels.to(device))
loss.backward()
optimizer.step()
# print statistics
running_loss += loss.item()
train_bar.desc = "train epoch[{}/{}] loss:{:.3f}".format(epoch + 1,
epochs,
loss)
# validate
net.eval()
acc = 0.0 # accumulate accurate number / epoch
with torch.no_grad():
val_bar = tqdm(validate_loader)
for val_data in val_bar:
val_images, val_labels = val_data
outputs = net(val_images.to(device))
predict_y = torch.max(outputs, dim=1)[1]
acc += torch.eq(predict_y, val_labels.to(device)).sum().item()
val_accurate = acc / val_num
print('[epoch %d] train_loss: %.3f val_accuracy: %.3f' %
(epoch + 1, running_loss / train_steps, val_accurate))
if val_accurate > best_acc:
best_acc = val_accurate
torch.save(net.state_dict(), save_path)
print('Finished Training')
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
3. predict.py
pytorch——AlexNet——训练花分类数据集_heart_6662的博客-CSDN博客与之前一样
import os
import json
import torch
from PIL import Image
from torchvision import transforms
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from model import vgg
def main():
device = torch.device("cuda:0" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")
data_transform = transforms.Compose(
[transforms.Resize((224, 224)),
transforms.ToTensor(),
transforms.Normalize((0.5, 0.5, 0.5), (0.5, 0.5, 0.5))])
# load image
img_path = "../tulip.jpg"
assert os.path.exists(img_path), "file: '{}' dose not exist.".format(img_path)
img = Image.open(img_path)
plt.imshow(img)
# [N, C, H, W]
img = data_transform(img)
# expand batch dimension
img = torch.unsqueeze(img, dim=0)
# read class_indict
json_path = './class_indices.json'
assert os.path.exists(json_path), "file: '{}' dose not exist.".format(json_path)
json_file = open(json_path, "r")
class_indict = json.load(json_file)
# create model
model = vgg(model_name="vgg16", num_classes=5).to(device)
# load model weights
weights_path = "./vgg16Net.pth"
assert os.path.exists(weights_path), "file: '{}' dose not exist.".format(weights_path)
model.load_state_dict(torch.load(weights_path, map_location=device))
model.eval()
with torch.no_grad():
# predict class
output = torch.squeeze(model(img.to(device))).cpu()
predict = torch.softmax(output, dim=0)
predict_cla = torch.argmax(predict).numpy()
print_res = "class: {} prob: {:.3}".format(class_indict[str(predict_cla)],
predict[predict_cla].numpy())
plt.title(print_res)
for i in range(len(predict)):
print("class: {:10} prob: {:.3}".format(class_indict[str(i)],
predict[i].numpy()))
plt.show()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
注意
VGG网络模型深度较深，需要使用算力强大GPU进行训练(而且要内存大一点的GPU，我3050跑不动，pytorch会报错GPU内存不足)
你也可以试试改小batch_size
