通过100个单词掌握英语语法(三十二)it

[代词]
(1)指代已经提到过或明了的事情、情况或地方:What's that?~I'ts my new palm top.
I like Sao Paulo,even though it's enormous.
(2)非人称主语或宾语,用于谈论天气、日期等:It's a nice day. It was Friday the 13th. I don't like it here.
(3)形式主语或宾语,在句子的后半部分会详细阐述:It's strange you should say that.I hate it when people phone during dinner.

语法结构
1 it | + 动词 | ( + ...)
It rains a lot on the west coast.
It was the first week of January.It was cold and wet.
It's another five miles to the lake.
谈论天气、时间、日期和距离

2 it | + 动词 | + 分句
It looks as if the neighbours are back.
It appears that Mrs Hoskins is retiring.
谈论你基于证据得出的结论.

3 it | + is/was | + 名词短语/形容词 | + 分句
It's a shame you weren't at hte party.(=that分句)
It's funny how Jon and Ann argue all the time.(=how+分句)
It was surprising to see his brother at the wedding.(=带to的不定式分句)
It's nice having breakfast in bed.(=-ing分句)
表达观点或情感

4 it | + 动词 | + 分句
It helps to talk about it.
It doesn't matter if you don't finish.
谈论重要的或有用的事情。

5 it | + 动词 | + 名词短语 | + 分句
It worries me that she won't eat anything.
It upset Claire to see all the animals in their cages.
It makes me laugh,hearing you say that.
表示某人对某种情况作出何种反应

6 it | + is/was等 |  + 过去分词 | + 分句
It was reported that there are a number of survivors.
It is not known if the virus is harmful.
引述人们对某种情况的所言或所想

7 it | + is/was等 | + 名词短语 | + wh-分句/that分句
It's cheese and butter that make you fat,not olive oil.
It was my brother you saw,not me.
强调句子的主语或宾语

搭配
经常与语法结构3(及其常用结构)连用的名词短语有:
+that分句: a miracle, a disaster, a myth, no surprise, no wonder, a safe bet,my guess,your fault.
+带to的不定式: a joy,a relief,a shock,a mistake,a surprise,our aim,my hope,my decision.
+that分句/+带to的不定式: a pity,a shame,a good idea

It's no wonder you are exhausted.
It was a joy to hear her voice again.
It's a safe bet that your team will lose.
It was a shame not to have waited.

经常与语法结构3(及其常用结构)连用的形容词有:
+that分句:(un)likely,(not)ture,obvious,(un)lucky
+带to的不定式/+ -ing:(not)easy,difficult,hard
+that分句/带to的不定式:(not)important,(im)possible
+that分句/+ -ing/+带to的不定式/how分句:nice,good,sad,amazing,funny,strange.
It's unlikely that they could have gone far.
It wasn't easy persuading Jacob to give blood.
It's amazing how fast the children grow.
It was impossible to find a taxi.

固定短语
'it's me/it's[...]here' 是我/是...
Hello?~Hi,it's Kevin,Is belinda there?~Just a second...
用于在敲门或打电话时表明自己的身份

'we made it' = we succeeded 我们成功了
There's the summit.We've nearly made it!

'I can't help it'= I'm not able to control my feelings 我不能控制自己的感情
I'm sorry I laughed at you.I couldn't help it.