每天都在写Getter、Setter方法,我不耐烦了,于是用了神器MapperStruct,crud效率一下子提高了~

前言

​ 相信绝大多数的业务开发同学,日常的工作都离不开写getter、setter方法。要么是将下游的RPC结果通过getter、setter方法进行获取组装。要么就是将自己系统内部的处理结果通过getter、setter方法处理成前端所需要的VO对象。

public UserInfoVO originalCopyItem(UserDTO userDTO){
    UserInfoVO userInfoVO = new UserInfoVO();
    userInfoVO.setUserName(userDTO.getName());
    userInfoVO.setAge(userDTO.getAge());
    userInfoVO.setBirthday(userDTO.getBirthday());
    userInfoVO.setIdCard(userDTO.getIdCard());
    userInfoVO.setGender(userDTO.getGender());
    userInfoVO.setIsMarried(userDTO.getIsMarried());
    userInfoVO.setPhoneNumber(userDTO.getPhoneNumber());
    userInfoVO.setAddress(userDTO.getAddress());
    return userInfoVO;
}

​ 传统的方法一般是采用硬编码,将每个对象的值都逐一设值。当然为了偷懒也会有采用一些BeanUtil简约代码的方式:

    public UserInfoVO utilCopyItem(UserDTO userDTO){
        UserInfoVO userInfoVO = new UserInfoVO();
        //采用反射、内省机制实现拷贝
        BeanUtils.copyProperties(userDTO, userInfoVO);
        return userInfoVO;
    }

​ 但是,像BeanUtils这类通过反射、内省等实现的框架,在速度上会带来比较严重的影响。尤其是对于一些大字段、大对象而言,这个速度的缺陷就会越明显。针对速度这块我还专门进行了测试,对普通的setter方法、BeanUtils的拷贝以及本次需要介绍的mapperStruct进行了一次对比。得到的耗时结果如下所示:(具体的运行代码请见附录)

运行次数 setter方法耗时 BeanUtils拷贝耗时 MapperStruct拷贝耗时
1 2921528(1) 3973292(1.36) 2989942(1.023)
10 2362724(1) 66402953(28.10) 3348099(1.417)
100 2500452(1) 71741323(28.69) 2120820(0.848)
1000 3187151(1) 157925125(49.55) 5456290(1.711)
10000 5722147(1) 300814054(52.57) 5229080(0.913)
100000 19324227(1) 244625923(12.65) 12932441(0.669)

​ 以上单位均为毫微秒。括号内的为当前组件同Setter比较的比值。可以看到BeanUtils的拷贝耗时基本为setter方法的十倍、二十倍以上。而MapperStruct方法拷贝的耗时,则与setter方法相近。由此可见,简单的BeanUtils确实会给服务的性能带来很大的压力。而MapperStruct拷贝则可以很好的解决这个问题。

使用教程

maven依赖

首先要导入mapStruct的maven依赖,这里我们选择最新的版本1.5.0.RC1。

...
<properties>
    <org.mapstruct.version>1.5.0.RC1</org.mapstruct.version>
</properties>
...

//mapStruct maven依赖
<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.mapstruct</groupId>
        <artifactId>mapstruct</artifactId>
        <version>${org.mapstruct.version}</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>
...
    
//编译的组件需要配置
<build>
    <plugins>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>3.8.1</version>
            <configuration>
                <source>1.8</source> <!-- depending on your project -->
                <target>1.8</target> <!-- depending on your project -->
                <annotationProcessorPaths>
                    <path>
                        <groupId>org.mapstruct</groupId>
                        <artifactId>mapstruct-processor</artifactId>
                        <version>${org.mapstruct.version}</version>
                    </path>
                    <!-- other annotation processors -->
                </annotationProcessorPaths>
            </configuration>
        </plugin>
    </plugins>
</build>

在引入maven依赖后,我们首先来定义需要转换的DTO及VO信息,主要包含的信息是名字、年龄、生日、性别等信息。

@Data
public class UserDTO {
    private String name;

    private int age;

    private Date birthday;

    //1-男 0-女
    private int gender;

    private String idCard;

    private String phoneNumber;

    private String address;

    private Boolean isMarried;
}
@Data
public class UserInfoVO {
    private String userName;

    private int age;

    private Date birthday;

    //1-男 0-女
    private int gender;

    private String idCard;

    private String phoneNumber;

    private String address;

    private Boolean isMarried;
}

​ 紧接着需要编写相应的mapper类,以便生成相应的编译类。

@Mapper
public interface InfoConverter {

    InfoConverter INSTANT = Mappers.getMapper(InfoConverter.class);

    @Mappings({
            @Mapping(source = "name", target = "userName")
    })
    UserInfoVO convert(UserDTO userDto);
}

​ 需要注意的是,因为DTO中的name对应的其实是VO中的userName。因此需要在converter中显式声明。在编写完对应的文件之后,需要执行maven的complie命令使得IDE编译生成对应的Impl对象。(自动生成)

每天都在写Getter、Setter方法,我不耐烦了,于是用了神器MapperStruct,crud效率一下子提高了~_第1张图片

到此,mapperStruct的接入就算是完成了~。我们就可以在我们的代码中使用这个拷贝类了。

public UserInfoVO newCopyItem(UserDTO userDTO, int times) {
    UserInfoVO userInfoVO = new UserInfoVO();
    userInfoVO = InfoConverter.INSTANT.convert(userDTO);
    return userInfoVO;
}

怎么样,接入是不是很简单~

FAQ

1、接入项目时,发现并没有生成对应的编译对象class,这个是什么原因?

答:可能的原因有如下几个:

  • 忘记编写对应的@Mapper注解,因而没有生成
  • 没有配置上述提及的插件maven-compiler-plugin
  • 没有执行maven的Compile,IDE没有进行相应编译

2、接入项目后发现,我项目内的Lombok、@Data注解不好使了,这怎么办呢?

​ 由于Lombok本身是对AST进行修改实现的,但是mapStruct在执行的时候并不能检测到Lombok所做的修改,因此需要额外的引入maven依赖lombok-mapstruct-binding

......
    <org.mapstruct.version>1.5.0.RC1org.mapstruct.version>
    <lombok-mapstruct-binding.version>0.2.0lombok-mapstruct-binding.version>
    <lombok.version>1.18.20lombok.version>
......

......
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.mapstructgroupId>
    <artifactId>mapstructartifactId>
    <version>${org.mapstruct.version}version>
dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.projectlombokgroupId>
    <artifactId>lombok-mapstruct-bindingartifactId>
    <version>${lombok-mapstruct-binding.version}version>
dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.projectlombokgroupId>
    <artifactId>lombokartifactId>
    <version>${lombok.version}version>
dependency>

更详细的,mapperStruct在官网中还提供了一个实现Lombok及mapStruct同时并存的案例

3、更多问题:

欢迎查看MapStruct官网文档,里面对各种问题都有更详细的解释及解答。

实现原理

​ 在聊到mapstruct的实现原理之前,我们就需要先回忆一下JAVA代码运行的过程。大致的执行生成的流程如下所示:

在这里插入图片描述

​ 可以直观的看到,如果我们想不通过编码的方式对程序进行修改增强,可以考虑对抽象语法树进行相应的修改。而mapstruct也正是如此做的。具体的执行逻辑如下所示:

每天都在写Getter、Setter方法,我不耐烦了,于是用了神器MapperStruct,crud效率一下子提高了~_第2张图片

​ 为了实现该方法,mapstruct基于JSR 269实现了代码。JSR 269是JDK引进的一种规范。有了它,能够在编译期处理注解,并且读取、修改和添加抽象语法树中的内容。JSR 269使用Annotation Processor在编译期间处理注解,Annotation Processor相当于编译器的一种插件,因此又称为插入式注解处理。想要实现JSR 269,主要有以下几个步骤:

  1. 继承AbstractProcessor类,并且重写process方法,在process方法中实现自己的注解处理逻辑。
  2. 在META-INF/services目录下创建javax.annotation.processing.Processor文件注册自己实现的Annotation Processor。

通过实现AbstractProcessor,在程序进行compile的时候,会对相应的AST进行修改。从而达到目的。

public void compile(List<JavaFileObject> sourceFileObjects,
                    List<String> classnames,
                    Iterable<? extends Processor> processors)
{
    if (processors != null && processors.iterator().hasNext())
        explicitAnnotationProcessingRequested = true;
    // as a JavaCompiler can only be used once, throw an exception if
    // it has been used before.
    if (hasBeenUsed)
        throw new AssertionError("attempt to reuse JavaCompiler");
    hasBeenUsed = true;

    // forcibly set the equivalent of -Xlint:-options, so that no further
    // warnings about command line options are generated from this point on
    options.put(XLINT_CUSTOM.text + "-" + LintCategory.OPTIONS.option, "true");
    options.remove(XLINT_CUSTOM.text + LintCategory.OPTIONS.option);

    start_msec = now();

    try {
        initProcessAnnotations(processors);

        //此处会调用到mapStruct中的processor类的方法.
        delegateCompiler =
            processAnnotations(
                enterTrees(stopIfError(CompileState.PARSE, parseFiles(sourceFileObjects))),
                classnames);

        delegateCompiler.compile2();
        delegateCompiler.close();
        elapsed_msec = delegateCompiler.elapsed_msec;
    } catch (Abort ex) {
        if (devVerbose)
            ex.printStackTrace(System.err);
    } finally {
        if (procEnvImpl != null)
            procEnvImpl.close();
    }
}

​ 关键代码,在mapstruct-processor包中,有个对应的类MappingProcessor继承了AbstractProcessor,并实现其process方法。通过对AST进行相应的代码增强,从而实现对最终编译的对象进行修改的方法。

@SupportedAnnotationTypes({"org.mapstruct.Mapper"})
@SupportedOptions({"mapstruct.suppressGeneratorTimestamp", "mapstruct.suppressGeneratorVersionInfoComment", "mapstruct.unmappedTargetPolicy", "mapstruct.unmappedSourcePolicy", "mapstruct.defaultComponentModel", "mapstruct.defaultInjectionStrategy", "mapstruct.disableBuilders", "mapstruct.verbose"})
public class MappingProcessor extends AbstractProcessor {
    public boolean process(Set<? extends TypeElement> annotations, RoundEnvironment roundEnvironment) {
        if (!roundEnvironment.processingOver()) {
            RoundContext roundContext = new RoundContext(this.annotationProcessorContext);
            Set<TypeElement> deferredMappers = this.getAndResetDeferredMappers();
            this.processMapperElements(deferredMappers, roundContext);
            Set<TypeElement> mappers = this.getMappers(annotations, roundEnvironment);
            this.processMapperElements(mappers, roundContext);
        } else if (!this.deferredMappers.isEmpty()) {
            Iterator var8 = this.deferredMappers.iterator();

            while(var8.hasNext()) {
                MappingProcessor.DeferredMapper deferredMapper = (MappingProcessor.DeferredMapper)var8.next();
                TypeElement deferredMapperElement = deferredMapper.deferredMapperElement;
                Element erroneousElement = deferredMapper.erroneousElement;
                String erroneousElementName;
                if (erroneousElement instanceof QualifiedNameable) {
                    erroneousElementName = ((QualifiedNameable)erroneousElement).getQualifiedName().toString();
                } else {
                    erroneousElementName = erroneousElement != null ? erroneousElement.getSimpleName().toString() : null;
                }

                deferredMapperElement = this.annotationProcessorContext.getElementUtils().getTypeElement(deferredMapperElement.getQualifiedName());
                this.processingEnv.getMessager().printMessage(Kind.ERROR, "No implementation was created for " + deferredMapperElement.getSimpleName() + " due to having a problem in the erroneous element " + erroneousElementName + ". Hint: this often means that some other annotation processor was supposed to process the erroneous element. You can also enable MapStruct verbose mode by setting -Amapstruct.verbose=true as a compilation argument.", deferredMapperElement);
            }
        }

        return false;
    }
}

如何断点调试:

​ 因为这个注解处理器是在解析->编译的过程完成,跟普通的jar包调试不太一样,maven框架为我们提供了调试入口,需要借助maven才能实现debug。所以需要在编译过程打开debug才可调试。

  • 在项目的pom文件所在目录执行mvnDebug compile
  • 接着用idea打开项目,添加一个remote,端口为8000
  • 打上断点,debug 运行remote即可调试。

每天都在写Getter、Setter方法,我不耐烦了,于是用了神器MapperStruct,crud效率一下子提高了~_第3张图片

附录

测试代码如下,采用Spock框架 + JAVA代码 实现。Spock框架作为当前最火热的测试框架,你值得学习一下。Spock框架初体验:更优雅地写好你的单元测试

//    @Resource
    @Shared
    MapperStructService mapperStructService

    def setupSpec() {
        mapperStructService = new MapperStructService()
    }

    @Unroll
    def "test mapperStructTest times = #times"() {
        given: "初始化数据"
        UserDTO dto = new UserDTO(name: "笑傲菌", age: 20, idCard: "1234",
                phoneNumber: "18211932334", address: "北京天安门", gender: 1,
                birthday: new Date(), isMarried: false)

        when: "调用方法"
//        传统的getter、setter拷贝
        long startTime = System.nanoTime();
        UserInfoVO oldRes = mapperStructService.originalCopyItem(dto, times)
        Duration originalWasteTime = Duration.ofNanos(System.nanoTime() - startTime);

//        采用工具实现反射类的拷贝
        long startTime1 = System.nanoTime();
        UserInfoVO utilRes = mapperStructService.utilCopyItem(dto, times)
        Duration utilWasteTime = Duration.ofNanos(System.nanoTime() - startTime1);

        long startTime2 = System.nanoTime();
        UserInfoVO mapStructRes = mapperStructService.newCopyItem(dto, times)
        Duration mapStructWasteTime = Duration.ofNanos(System.nanoTime() - startTime2);

        then: "校验数据"
        println("times = "+ times)
        println("原始拷贝的消耗时间为: " + originalWasteTime.getNano())
        println("BeanUtils拷贝的消耗时间为: " + utilWasteTime.getNano())
        println("mapStruct拷贝的消耗时间为: " + mapStructWasteTime.getNano())
        println()

        where: "比较不同次数调用的耗时"
        times || ignore
        1     || null
        10    || null
        100   || null
        1000  || null
    }

测试的Service如下所示:

public class MapperStructService {

    public UserInfoVO newCopyItem(UserDTO userDTO, int times) {
        UserInfoVO userInfoVO = new UserInfoVO();
        for (int i = 0; i < times; i++) {
            userInfoVO = InfoConverter.INSTANT.convert(userDTO);
        }
        return userInfoVO;
    }

    public UserInfoVO originalCopyItem(UserDTO userDTO, int times) {
        UserInfoVO userInfoVO = new UserInfoVO();
        for (int i = 0; i < times; i++) {
            userInfoVO.setUserName(userDTO.getName());
            userInfoVO.setAge(userDTO.getAge());
            userInfoVO.setBirthday(userDTO.getBirthday());
            userInfoVO.setIdCard(userDTO.getIdCard());
            userInfoVO.setGender(userDTO.getGender());
            userInfoVO.setIsMarried(userDTO.getIsMarried());
            userInfoVO.setPhoneNumber(userDTO.getPhoneNumber());
            userInfoVO.setAddress(userDTO.getAddress());
        }
        return userInfoVO;
    }

    public UserInfoVO utilCopyItem(UserDTO userDTO, int times) {
        UserInfoVO userInfoVO = new UserInfoVO();
        for (int i = 0; i < times; i++) {
            BeanUtils.copyProperties(userDTO, userInfoVO);
        }
        return userInfoVO;
    }
}

参考文献

踩坑BeanUtils.copy**()导致的业务处理速度过慢

mapstruct原理解析

MapStruct官网

Mapstruct源码解析- 框架实现原理

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