requests爬虫实战：某私募信息爬取

一、请求探索

网页分析：

页码分析：
1.第一页：https://gs.amac.org.cn/amac-infodisc/api/pof/fund?rand=0.652806594661254&page=0&size=20
2. 第二页： https://gs.amac.org.cn/amac-infodisc/api/pof/fund?rand=0.652806594661254&page=1&size=20
3. https://gs.amac.org.cn/amac-infodisc/api/pof/fund?rand=0.652806594661254&page=2&size=20

单数刷新一下rand发生变化：似乎就是是一个随机数
https://gs.amac.org.cn/amac-infodisc/api/pof/fund?rand=0.16767992415199218&page=0&size=20

规律变化：页码部分需要调整，rand部分随机的。

https://gs.amac.org.cn/amac-infodisc/api/pof/fund?rand={}&page={}&size=20

也可以通过JS查看确定一下就是用的一个随机函数：

写段代码产生随机数：

import random
r=random.random()
print(str(r))

完整请求一个页面如下所示：

import requests
import random
import json
import time

headers = {
    "Accept-Language": "zh-CN,zh;q=0.9",
    'Content-Type': 'application/json',
    'Origin': 'http://gs.amac.org.cn',
    'Referer': 'https://gs.amac.org.cn/amac-infodisc/res/pof/fund/index.html',
    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 6.0; Nexus 5 Build/MRA58N) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.54 Mobile Safari/537.36'
}
r = random.random()
num = 1

url = "https://gs.amac.org.cn/amac-infodisc/api/pof/fund?rand=" + str(r) + "&page=" + str(num) + "&size=20"
data = {}
data = json.dumps(data)
response = requests.post(url=url, data=data, headers=headers)

print(response)

二、分析详情页面

2.1 基本解析

例如分析这一个详情页面：https://gs.amac.org.cn/amac-infodisc/res/pof/fund/351000128956.html

我们使用Beautiful Soup来解析它。

 response = requests.get(url2, headers=headers)  # 请求详情页面

html = requests.get(url=url, headers=headers).content.decode('utf-8')  # 获取详情页面的url
     # print(html)
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')  # 接卸

分析具体内容：上面一个表内容都在一个table里面

下面一个表信息透露情况：单独又在另外一个table里面

2.2 内容定位获取

比如定位基金名称，最简单的做法就是直接复制xpath：

num1 = tree.xpath('/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/div[2]/table/tbody/tr[1]/td[2]/text()',
                              encoding="utf-8")[0].replace('\r\n', '').replace(" ", "").replace("\t", "").encode(
                'ISO-8859-1').decode('utf-8')  # 基金名称

三、完整源码

# coding: utf-8
import requests
import random
import json
from lxml import etree
import codecs
import csv

count = 0
rows = []

for i in range(1, 15):
    headers = {
        "Accept-Language": "zh-CN,zh;q=0.9",
        'Content-Type': 'application/json',
        'Origin': 'http://gs.amac.org.cn',
        'Referer': 'https://gs.amac.org.cn/amac-infodisc/res/pof/fund/index.html',
        'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 6.0; Nexus 5 Build/MRA58N) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.54 Mobile Safari/537.36'
    }

    r = random.random()
    num = 1

    url = "https://gs.amac.org.cn/amac-infodisc/api/pof/fund?rand=" + str(r) + "&page=" + str(i) + "&size=20"
    data = {}
    data = json.dumps(data)
    response = requests.post(url=url, data=data, headers=headers)
    # print(response)
    datas = json.loads(response.text)["content"]

    ''':cvar
    获取每一个页面的链接
    '''

    for data1 in datas:
        jjid = data1['id']  # 基金ID
        managerurl = data1['managerUrl']  # 经理页url
        # print(managerurl)
        fundName = data1['fundName']  # 基金名称
        # print(fundName)
        managename = data1['managerName']  # 基金管理人名称
        # print(managename)
        url = data1['url']  # 获取分支url
        # print(url)
        url2 = 'https://gs.amac.org.cn/amac-infodisc/res/pof/fund/' + url  # 构造完整url，根据每一个链接获取详情页面
        # print(url2)
        count += 1
        print("正在爬取第" + str(count) + "条数据")
        ''':cvar
        开始解析详情页面
        '''

        html = requests.get(url=url2, headers=headers).text.encode('utf-8')  # 请求详情页面的url
        # print(html)

        tree = etree.HTML(html)  # 标准化

        # encode('ISO-8859-1').decode('utf-8')解决乱码问题：βҳ转换为正常的中文：
        num1_0 = tree.xpath('/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/div[2]/table/tbody/tr[1]/td[2]/text()',
                            encoding="utf-8")
        if len(num1_0) == 0:
            num1 = num1_0
        else:
            num1 = tree.xpath('/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/div[2]/table/tbody/tr[1]/td[2]/text()',
                              encoding="utf-8")[0].replace('\r\n', '').replace(" ", "").replace("\t", "").encode(
                'ISO-8859-1').decode('utf-8')  # 基金名称

        num2 = tree.xpath('/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/div[2]/table/tbody/tr[2]/td[2]/text()',
                          encoding="utf-8")  # 基金编号
        # print(num2)

        num3_0 = tree.xpath('/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/div[2]/table/tbody/tr[3]/td[2]/text()',
                            encoding="utf-8")
        if len(num3_0) == 0:
            num3 = num3_0
        else:
            num3 = tree.xpath('/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/div[2]/table/tbody/tr[3]/td[2]/text()',
                              encoding="utf-8")[0].replace('\r\n', '').replace(" ", "").replace("\t", "")  # 成立时间

        num4_0 = tree.xpath('/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/div[2]/table/tbody/tr[4]/td[2]/text()',
                            encoding="utf-8")
        if len(num4_0) == 0:
            num4 = num4_0
        else:
            num4 = tree.xpath('/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/div[2]/table/tbody/tr[4]/td[2]/text()',
                              encoding="utf-8")[0].replace(" ", "").replace("\t", "")  # 备案时间

        num5_0 = tree.xpath('/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/div[2]/table/tbody/tr[5]/td[2]/text()',
                            encoding="utf-8")
        if len(num5_0) == 0:
            num5 = num5_0
        else:
            num5 = tree.xpath('/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/div[2]/table/tbody/tr[5]/td[2]/text()',
                              encoding="utf-8")[0].encode(
                'ISO-8859-1').decode('utf-8')  # 基金类型

        num6_0 = tree.xpath('/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/div[2]/table/tbody/tr[6]/td[2]/text()',
                            encoding="utf-8")
        if len(num6_0) == 0:
            num6 = num6_0
        else:
            num6 = tree.xpath('/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/div[2]/table/tbody/tr[6]/td[2]/text()',
                              encoding="utf-8")[0].replace('\r\n', '').replace(" ", "").replace("\t", "").encode(
                'ISO-8859-1').decode('utf-8')  # 基金类型

        num7_0 = tree.xpath('/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/div[2]/table/tbody/tr[7]/td[2]/a',
                            encoding="utf-8")
        # print(num7_0)
        # print(len(num7_0))
        if len(num7_0) == 0:
            num7 = num7_0
        else:
            num7 = tree.xpath('/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/div[2]/table/tbody/tr[7]/td[2]/a/text()',
                              encoding="utf-8")[0].replace('\r\n', '').replace(" ", "").replace("\t", "").encode(
                'ISO-8859-1').decode('utf-8')  # 币种
        # /html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/div[2]/table/tbody/tr[7]/td[2]/a

        num8_0 = tree.xpath('/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/div[2]/table/tbody/tr[7]/td[2]/a/text()',
                            encoding="utf-8")
        if len(num8_0) == 0:
            num8 = num8_0
        else:
            num8 = tree.xpath('/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/div[2]/table/tbody/tr[8]/td[2]/text()',
                              encoding="utf-8")[0].replace('\r\n', '').replace(" ", "").replace("\t", "").encode(
                'ISO-8859-1').decode('utf-8')  # 基金管理人名称

        num9_0 = tree.xpath('/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/div[2]/table/tbody/tr[9]/td[2]/text()',
                            encoding="utf-8")
        if len(num9_0) == 0:
            num9 = num9_0
        else:
            num9 = tree.xpath('/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/div[2]/table/tbody/tr[9]/td[2]/text()',
                              encoding="utf-8")[0].replace('\r\n', '').replace(" ", "").replace("\t", "").encode(
                'ISO-8859-1').decode('utf-8')  # 管理类型

        num10_0 = tree.xpath('/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/div[2]/table/tbody/tr[10]/td[2]/text()',
                             encoding="utf-8")  # 托管人名称
        if len(num10_0) == 0:
            num10 = tree.xpath('/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/div[2]/table/tbody/tr[10]/td[2]/text()',
                               encoding="utf-8")  # 托管人名称
        else:
            num10 = tree.xpath('/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/div[2]/table/tbody/tr[10]/td[2]/text()',
                               encoding="utf-8")[0].replace('\r\n', '').replace(" ", "").replace("\t", "").encode(
                'ISO-8859-1').decode('utf-8')  # 托管人名称

        num11_0 = tree.xpath('/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/div[2]/table/tbody/tr[11]/td[2]/text()',
                             encoding="utf-8")
        if len(num11_0) == 0:
            num11 = num11_0
        else:
            num11 = tree.xpath('/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/div[2]/table/tbody/tr[11]/td[2]/text()',
                               encoding="utf-8")[0].replace('\r\n', '').replace(" ", "").replace("\t", "").encode(
                'ISO-8859-1').decode('utf-8')  # 运作状态

        num12 = tree.xpath('/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/div[2]/table/tbody/tr[12]/td[2]/text()',
                           encoding="utf-8")  # 基金信息最后更新时间

        num13_0 = tree.xpath('/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/div[2]/table/tbody/tr[13]/td[2]/text()',
                             encoding="utf-8")  # 基金业协会特别提示
        if len(num13_0) == 0:
            num13 = num13_0
        else:
            num13 = tree.xpath('/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/div[2]/table/tbody/tr[13]/td[2]/text()',
                               encoding="utf-8")[0].replace('\r\n', '').replace(" ", "").replace("\t", "").encode(
                'ISO-8859-1').decode('utf-8')

        xian = tree.xpath('/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/table/tbody/tr[1]/td[2]/text()',
                          encoding="utf-8")[0].replace('\r\n', '').replace(" ", "").replace("\t", "").encode(
            'ISO-8859-1').decode('utf-8')  # 当月月报
        # print(xian)
        xian2 = tree.xpath('/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/table/tbody/tr[2]/td[2]/text()',
                           encoding="utf-8")[0].replace('\r\n', '').replace(" ", "").replace("\t", "").encode(
            'ISO-8859-1').decode('utf-8')  # 季报

        xian3 = tree.xpath('/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/table/tbody/tr[3]/td[3]/text()',
                           encoding="utf-8")  # 半年报

        xian4 = tree.xpath('/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/table/tbody/tr[4]/td[2]/text()',
                           encoding="utf-8")[0].replace('\r\n', '').replace(" ", "").replace("\t", "").encode(
            'ISO-8859-1').decode('utf-8')  # 年报

        xian5 = tree.xpath('/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/table/tbody/tr[5]/td[2]/text()',
                           encoding="utf-8")[0].replace('\r\n', '').replace(" ", "").replace("\t", "").encode(
            'ISO-8859-1').decode('utf-8')  # 账号开立率
        # print(xian5)
        row = (
            num1, num2, num3, num4, num5, num6, num7, num8, num9, num10, num11, num12, num13, xian, xian2, xian3, xian4,
            xian5)

        rows.append(row)
        # time.sleep(1) # 设置休眠
        with codecs.open('基金.csv', 'wb', encoding='gbk', errors='ignore') as f:
            writer = csv.writer(f)
            writer.writerow(
                ["基金名称", "基金编号", "成立时间", "备案时间", "X1", "X2", "X3", "X4", "X5", "x6", 'X7', 'X8', 'X9'
                    , '当月月报', '季报', '半年报', '年报', '账号开立率'])
            writer.writerows(rows)

效果如下：

四、总结

设计有些欠妥，代码也有些冗余，但是已经写了一下午了，感兴趣的自行优化。
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